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Last update Sun Mar 4 11:58:08 2018
Compiler & Tools Guide
Tools
BCC
CHMOD
CL
COFF2OMF
COFFIMPLIB
DMC
DIFF
DIFFDIR
DMAN
DUMP
DUMPOBJ
DUMPEXE
EXE2BIN
FLPYIMG
GREP
HC
HTOD
IMPLIB
LIB
LIBUNRES
MAKE
MAKEDEP
ME
OBJ2ASM
PATCHOBJ
RC
RCC
SC
SHELL
SMAKE
TOUCH
UNMANGLE
WHEREIS
Compiling
Compiling Code
C Implementation
C++ Implementation
C++0x Implementation
Language Extensions
Mixing Languages
Assembly Language
Inline Assembler
Optimizing Code
Numerics Programming
Regular Expressions
Acrtused
Pragmas
Precompiled Headers
Predefined Macros
Warning Messages
Error Messages
Runtime Messages
Linking
Optlink
Switches
Module Definition Files
Operation and Design
Error Messages
Win32 Programming
Win32 Programming
DOS and Win16 Programming
Memory Models
16 Bit Pointer Types and Type Modifiers
Handle Pointers
DOS
DOS 32 (DOSX)
Win16
Win16 DLLs
Win16 Prolog/Epilog
Virtual Memory For 640Kb DOS
C/C++ Extensions
Contract Programming
__debug statement
__debug declaration
Dynamic Profiling
Embedding C in HTML
Porting to DMC++
Switching to DMC++
from Microsoft
from Borland
Porting Guide
<h1><a name="shell">SHELL: Run scripts</a> </h1> <p><strong>shell</strong> is an unusual script runner. It's unique properties make it much superior than commonly used batch files for things like test scripts: </p> <ul> <li> Use of <em>NAME</em>=<em>VALUE</em> style macros, from the command line and embedded in the script file, in a manner equivalent to <a href="/index.cgi/contrast/https://digitalmars.com/ctg/make.html">make</a>. <li> Simplified exit status handling. <li> Grouping related commands into groups which can be executed multiple times. <li> Repeated execution of groups based on combinatorial permutations of the arguments to it. </ul> <p>Script files are text files with a <tt>.sh</tt> extension, consisting of a sequence of lines. Lines are \ line spliced. Each line is one of: </p> Lines <div class="naked_tr"> Blank Line nothing on the line</div> <div class="naked_tr"> Comment Line first non-blank character is a <strong>#</strong></div> <div class="naked_tr"> Macro Line line of the form <em>NAME</em>=<em>VALUE</em></div> <div class="naked_tr"> Command Line a command to be executed</div> <p>Blank lines are used to separate command lines into groups. Groups of commmand lines are executed multiple times, once for each combination of options. Comment and macro lines are not group separators. </p> <p>Commands can be prefixed with a special character to control how it is executed (just like makefiles for <a href="/index.cgi/contrast/https://digitalmars.com/ctg/make.html">make</a>): </p> Command Prefixes <div class="naked_tr"> <strong>+</strong> Force use of <tt>COMMAND.COM</tt> or <tt>CMD.EXE</tt> to execute the rule. This is useful for <tt>.BAT</tt> files or commands using I/O redirection.</div> <div class="naked_tr"> <strong>-</strong> Ignore exit status from this rule.</div> <div class="naked_tr"> <strong>%</strong> Exit status must be non-zero.</div> <div class="naked_tr"> <strong>@</strong> Do not echo this rule when it's executed.</div> <div class="naked_tr"> <strong>*</strong> Use _CMDLINE environment variable to pass long command lines.</div> <p>Macros are expanded like in <a href="/index.cgi/contrast/https://digitalmars.com/ctg/make.html">make</a>, i.e. one letter macros are expanded by $M, multi-letter macros by $(ABC). </p> <p>Options are specified as lists of | separated choices enclosed by parentheses, such as: </p> <pre>del *.(c|h) </pre> <p>means execute the command twice, once using the c and the other time using the h. Blank options, like (c|), are allowed. Multiple options can be used: </p> <pre>dir *.(c|) /(w|d) </pre> <p>will execute the command 4 times with:</p> <pre>dir *.c /w dir *. /w dir *.c /d dir *. /d </pre> <p>The substitutions are stored as numbered macros, and are available for expansion in the subsequent lines in the group as well: </p> <pre><a href="/index.cgi/contrast/https://digitalmars.com/ctg/sc.html">dmc</a> -m(s|n) test (-g|-o) <a href="/index.cgi/contrast/https://digitalmars.com/ctg/optlink.html">link</a> lib1ドル </pre> <p>causes these to be executed:</p> <pre><a href="/index.cgi/contrast/https://digitalmars.com/ctg/sc.html">dmc</a> -ms test -g <a href="/index.cgi/contrast/https://digitalmars.com/ctg/optlink.html">link</a> libs <a href="/index.cgi/contrast/https://digitalmars.com/ctg/sc.html">dmc</a> -mn test -g <a href="/index.cgi/contrast/https://digitalmars.com/ctg/optlink.html">link</a> libn <a href="/index.cgi/contrast/https://digitalmars.com/ctg/sc.html">dmc</a> -ms test -o <a href="/index.cgi/contrast/https://digitalmars.com/ctg/optlink.html">link</a> libs <a href="/index.cgi/contrast/https://digitalmars.com/ctg/sc.html">dmc</a> -mn test -o <a href="/index.cgi/contrast/https://digitalmars.com/ctg/optlink.html">link</a> libn </pre> <h2>Command Line Switches</h2> <p>Shell is invoked by:</p> <pre><strong>shell</strong> [<strong>-man</strong>] [<strong>-j</strong> [<em>numthreads</em>]] <em>filename</em>.sh { <em>macro definitions</em> } </pre> <table class="structure"><caption>Commands</caption> <tr><th>Command</th> <th>Description</th></tr> <tr><td><strong>-man</strong></td> <td>open browser on this page</td></tr> <tr><td><strong>-j</strong></td> <td>start 4 threads, run each group in its own thread</td></tr> <tr><td><strong>-j <em>numthreads</em></strong></td> <td>start <em>numthreads</em> threads, run each group in its own thread</td></tr> </table> <p>If no <tt><em>filename</em>.sh</tt> is given, shell looks for and runs <tt>test.sh</tt>. </p> <p><em>macro definitions</em> are of the form <em>NAME</em>=<em>VALUE</em>. </p> <h2>Bugs</h2> <ul> <li>options should nest</li> <li>macros should nest</li> <li>no escaping of ( or |</li> <li>no quoting</li> <li>command line macro definitions should override definitions in the text file</li> <li>output of each thread when using <strong>-j</strong> can wind up interleaved on the console</li> </ul> </div> <div id="footernav"> <a href="https://www.digitalmars.com/" title="digitalmars.com">Home</a> | <a href="/index.cgi/contrast/https://digitalmars.com/ctg/../rtl/rtl.html" title="Runtime Library Reference">Runtime Library</a> | <a href="/index.cgi/contrast/https://digitalmars.com/ctg/../ugr/ugr.html" title="IDDE Reference">IDDE Reference</a> | <a href="/index.cgi/contrast/https://digitalmars.com/ctg/../stl/index.html" title="Standard Template Library">STL</a> | <a href="https://www.digitalmars.com/advancedsearch.html" title="Search Digital Mars web site">Search</a> | <a href="https://www.digitalmars.com//download/freecompiler.html" title="download C++">Download</a> | <a href="https://www.digitalmars.com/NewsGroup.html" title="Forums">Forums</a> </div> <div id="copyright"> Copyright © 1999-2018 by Digital Mars ®, All Rights Reserved | Page generated by <a href="https://dlang.org/spec/ddoc.html">Ddoc</a>. </div> </div><div class="naked_ctrl"> <form action="/index.cgi/contrast" method="get" name="gate"> <p><a href="http://altstyle.alfasado.net">AltStyle</a> によって変換されたページ <a href="https://digitalmars.com/ctg/shell.html">(->オリジナル)</a> / <label>アドレス: <input type="text" name="naked_post_url" value="https://digitalmars.com/ctg/shell.html" size="22" /></label> <label>モード: <select name="naked_post_mode"> <option value="default">デフォルト</option> <option value="speech">音声ブラウザ</option> <option value="ruby">ルビ付き</option> <option value="contrast" selected="selected">配色反転</option> <option value="larger-text">文字拡大</option> <option value="mobile">モバイル</option> </select> <input type="submit" value="表示" /> </p> </form> </div> </body> </html>