Class Arrays

public static  List asList(T... a)

Returns a list "view" of the specified array. This method is intended to make it easy to use the Collections API with existing array-based APIs and programs. Changes in the list or the array show up in both places. The list does not support element addition or removal, but does permit value modification. The returned list implements both Serializable and RandomAccess.

Parameters:

a - the array to return a view of (null not permitted)

Returns:

a fixed-size list, changes to which "write through" to the array

Throws:

NullPointerException - if a is null.

See Also:

Serializable, RandomAccess, Arrays.ArrayList

public static  T[] copyOf(T[] original,
 int newLength)

Returns a copy of the supplied array, truncating or padding as necessary with null to obtain the specified length. Indices that are valid for both arrays will return the same value. Indices that only exist in the returned array (due to the new length being greater than the original length) will return null. This is equivalent to calling copyOfRange(original, 0, newLength).

Parameters:

original - the original array to be copied.

newLength - the length of the returned array.

Returns:

a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with null to obtain the required length.

Throws:

NegativeArraySizeException - if newLength is negative.

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOfRange(T[],int,int)

public static  T[] copyOf(U[] original,
 int newLength,
>[] newType)

Returns a copy of the supplied array, truncating or padding as necessary with null to obtain the specified length. Indices that are valid for both arrays will return the same value. Indices that only exist in the returned array (due to the new length being greater than the original length) will return null. This is equivalent to calling copyOfRange(original, 0, newLength, newType). The returned array will be of the specified type, newType.

Parameters:

original - the original array to be copied.

newLength - the length of the returned array.

newType - the type of the returned array.

Returns:

a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with null to obtain the required length.

Throws:

NegativeArraySizeException - if newLength is negative.

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOfRange(U[],int,int,Class)

public static  T[] copyOfRange(T[] original,
 int from,
 int to)

Copies the specified range of the supplied array to a new array, padding as necessary with null if to is greater than the length of the original array. from must be in the range zero to original.length and can not be greater than to. The initial element of the returned array will be equal to original[from], except where from is equal to to (where a zero-length array will be returned) or from is equal to original.length (where an array padded with null will be returned). The returned array is always of length to - from.

Parameters:

original - the array from which to copy.

from - the initial index of the range, inclusive.

to - the final index of the range, exclusive.

Returns:

a copy of the specified range, with padding to obtain the required length.

Throws:

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if from <320 or from > original.length

IllegalArgumentException - if from > to

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOf(T[],int)

public static  T[] copyOfRange(U[] original,
 int from,
 int to,
>[] newType)

Copies the specified range of the supplied array to a new array, padding as necessary with null if to is greater than the length of the original array. from must be in the range zero to original.length and can not be greater than to. The initial element of the returned array will be equal to original[from], except where from is equal to to (where a zero-length array will be returned) or from is equal to original.length (where an array padded with null will be returned). The returned array is always of length to - from and will be of the specified type, newType.

Parameters:

original - the array from which to copy.

from - the initial index of the range, inclusive.

to - the final index of the range, exclusive.

newType - the type of the returned array.

Returns:

a copy of the specified range, with padding to obtain the required length.

Throws:

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if from <320 or from > original.length

IllegalArgumentException - if from > to

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOf(T[],int)

public static int binarySearch(byte[] a,
 byte key)

Perform a binary search of a byte array for a key. The array must be sorted (as by the sort() method) - if it is not, the behaviour of this method is undefined, and may be an infinite loop. If the array contains the key more than once, any one of them may be found. Note: although the specification allows for an infinite loop if the array is unsorted, it will not happen in this implementation.

Parameters:

a - the array to search (must be sorted)

key - the value to search for

Returns:

the index at which the key was found, or -n-1 if it was not found, where n is the index of the first value higher than key or a.length if there is no such value.

public static int binarySearch(byte[] a,
 int low,
 int hi,
 byte key)

Perform a binary search of a range of a byte array for a key. The range must be sorted (as by the sort(byte[], int, int) method) - if it is not, the behaviour of this method is undefined, and may be an infinite loop. If the array contains the key more than once, any one of them may be found. Note: although the specification allows for an infinite loop if the array is unsorted, it will not happen in this implementation.

Parameters:

a - the array to search (must be sorted)

low - the lowest index to search from.

hi - the highest index to search to.

key - the value to search for

Returns:

the index at which the key was found, or -n-1 if it was not found, where n is the index of the first value higher than key or a.length if there is no such value.

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if low > hi

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if low <320 or hi > a.length.

public static int binarySearch(char[] a,
 char key)

Perform a binary search of a char array for a key. The array must be sorted (as by the sort() method) - if it is not, the behaviour of this method is undefined, and may be an infinite loop. If the array contains the key more than once, any one of them may be found. Note: although the specification allows for an infinite loop if the array is unsorted, it will not happen in this implementation.

Parameters:

a - the array to search (must be sorted)

key - the value to search for

Returns:

the index at which the key was found, or -n-1 if it was not found, where n is the index of the first value higher than key or a.length if there is no such value.

public static int binarySearch(char[] a,
 int low,
 int hi,
 char key)

Perform a binary search of a range of a char array for a key. The range must be sorted (as by the sort(char[], int, int) method) - if it is not, the behaviour of this method is undefined, and may be an infinite loop. If the array contains the key more than once, any one of them may be found. Note: although the specification allows for an infinite loop if the array is unsorted, it will not happen in this implementation.

Parameters:

a - the array to search (must be sorted)

low - the lowest index to search from.

hi - the highest index to search to.

key - the value to search for

Returns:

the index at which the key was found, or -n-1 if it was not found, where n is the index of the first value higher than key or a.length if there is no such value.

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if low > hi

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if low <320 or hi > a.length.

public static int binarySearch(double[] a,
 double key)

Perform a binary search of a double array for a key. The array must be sorted (as by the sort() method) - if it is not, the behaviour of this method is undefined, and may be an infinite loop. If the array contains the key more than once, any one of them may be found. Note: although the specification allows for an infinite loop if the array is unsorted, it will not happen in this implementation.

Parameters:

a - the array to search (must be sorted)

key - the value to search for

Returns:

the index at which the key was found, or -n-1 if it was not found, where n is the index of the first value higher than key or a.length if there is no such value.

public static int binarySearch(double[] a,
 int low,
 int hi,
 double key)

Perform a binary search of a range of a double array for a key. The range must be sorted (as by the sort(double[], int, int) method) - if it is not, the behaviour of this method is undefined, and may be an infinite loop. If the array contains the key more than once, any one of them may be found. Note: although the specification allows for an infinite loop if the array is unsorted, it will not happen in this implementation.

Parameters:

a - the array to search (must be sorted)

low - the lowest index to search from.

hi - the highest index to search to.

key - the value to search for

Returns:

the index at which the key was found, or -n-1 if it was not found, where n is the index of the first value higher than key or a.length if there is no such value.

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if low > hi

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if low <320 or hi > a.length.

public static int binarySearch(float[] a,
 float key)

Perform a binary search of a float array for a key. The array must be sorted (as by the sort() method) - if it is not, the behaviour of this method is undefined, and may be an infinite loop. If the array contains the key more than once, any one of them may be found. Note: although the specification allows for an infinite loop if the array is unsorted, it will not happen in this implementation.

Parameters:

a - the array to search (must be sorted)

key - the value to search for

Returns:

the index at which the key was found, or -n-1 if it was not found, where n is the index of the first value higher than key or a.length if there is no such value.

public static int binarySearch(float[] a,
 int low,
 int hi,
 float key)

Perform a binary search of a range of a float array for a key. The range must be sorted (as by the sort(float[], int, int) method) - if it is not, the behaviour of this method is undefined, and may be an infinite loop. If the array contains the key more than once, any one of them may be found. Note: although the specification allows for an infinite loop if the array is unsorted, it will not happen in this implementation.

Parameters:

a - the array to search (must be sorted)

low - the lowest index to search from.

hi - the highest index to search to.

key - the value to search for

Returns:

the index at which the key was found, or -n-1 if it was not found, where n is the index of the first value higher than key or a.length if there is no such value.

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if low > hi

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if low <320 or hi > a.length.

public static int binarySearch(int[] a,
 int key)

Perform a binary search of an int array for a key. The array must be sorted (as by the sort() method) - if it is not, the behaviour of this method is undefined, and may be an infinite loop. If the array contains the key more than once, any one of them may be found. Note: although the specification allows for an infinite loop if the array is unsorted, it will not happen in this implementation.

Parameters:

a - the array to search (must be sorted)

key - the value to search for

Returns:

the index at which the key was found, or -n-1 if it was not found, where n is the index of the first value higher than key or a.length if there is no such value.

public static int binarySearch(int[] a,
 int low,
 int hi,
 int key)

Perform a binary search of a range of an integer array for a key. The range must be sorted (as by the sort(int[], int, int) method) - if it is not, the behaviour of this method is undefined, and may be an infinite loop. If the array contains the key more than once, any one of them may be found. Note: although the specification allows for an infinite loop if the array is unsorted, it will not happen in this implementation.

Parameters:

a - the array to search (must be sorted)

low - the lowest index to search from.

hi - the highest index to search to.

key - the value to search for

Returns:

the index at which the key was found, or -n-1 if it was not found, where n is the index of the first value higher than key or a.length if there is no such value.

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if low > hi

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if low <320 or hi > a.length.

public static int binarySearch(Object[] a,
 int low,
 int hi,
 Object key)

Perform a binary search of a range of an Object array for a key. The range must be sorted (as by the sort(Object[], int, int) method) - if it is not, the behaviour of this method is undefined, and may be an infinite loop. If the array contains the key more than once, any one of them may be found. Note: although the specification allows for an infinite loop if the array is unsorted, it will not happen in this implementation.

Parameters:

a - the array to search (must be sorted)

low - the lowest index to search from.

hi - the highest index to search to.

key - the value to search for

Returns:

the index at which the key was found, or -n-1 if it was not found, where n is the index of the first value higher than key or a.length if there is no such value.

public static int binarySearch(Object[] a,
 Object key)

Perform a binary search of an Object array for a key, using the natural ordering of the elements. The array must be sorted (as by the sort() method) - if it is not, the behaviour of this method is undefined, and may be an infinite loop. Further, the key must be comparable with every item in the array. If the array contains the key more than once, any one of them may be found. Note: although the specification allows for an infinite loop if the array is unsorted, it will not happen in this (JCL) implementation.

Parameters:

a - the array to search (must be sorted)

key - the value to search for

Returns:

the index at which the key was found, or -n-1 if it was not found, where n is the index of the first value higher than key or a.length if there is no such value.

Throws:

ClassCastException - if key could not be compared with one of the elements of a

NullPointerException - if a null element in a is compared

public static int binarySearch(long[] a,
 int low,
 int hi,
 long key)

Perform a binary search of a range of a long array for a key. The range must be sorted (as by the sort(long[], int, int) method) - if it is not, the behaviour of this method is undefined, and may be an infinite loop. If the array contains the key more than once, any one of them may be found. Note: although the specification allows for an infinite loop if the array is unsorted, it will not happen in this implementation.

Parameters:

a - the array to search (must be sorted)

low - the lowest index to search from.

hi - the highest index to search to.

key - the value to search for

Returns:

the index at which the key was found, or -n-1 if it was not found, where n is the index of the first value higher than key or a.length if there is no such value.

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if low > hi

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if low <320 or hi > a.length.

public static int binarySearch(long[] a,
 long key)

Perform a binary search of a long array for a key. The array must be sorted (as by the sort() method) - if it is not, the behaviour of this method is undefined, and may be an infinite loop. If the array contains the key more than once, any one of them may be found. Note: although the specification allows for an infinite loop if the array is unsorted, it will not happen in this implementation.

Parameters:

a - the array to search (must be sorted)

key - the value to search for

Returns:

the index at which the key was found, or -n-1 if it was not found, where n is the index of the first value higher than key or a.length if there is no such value.

public static int binarySearch(short[] a,
 int low,
 int hi,
 short key)

Perform a binary search of a range of a short array for a key. The range must be sorted (as by the sort(short[], int, int) method) - if it is not, the behaviour of this method is undefined, and may be an infinite loop. If the array contains the key more than once, any one of them may be found. Note: although the specification allows for an infinite loop if the array is unsorted, it will not happen in this implementation.

Parameters:

a - the array to search (must be sorted)

low - the lowest index to search from.

hi - the highest index to search to.

key - the value to search for

Returns:

the index at which the key was found, or -n-1 if it was not found, where n is the index of the first value higher than key or a.length if there is no such value.

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if low > hi

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if low <320 or hi > a.length.

public static int binarySearch(short[] a,
 short key)

Perform a binary search of a short array for a key. The array must be sorted (as by the sort() method) - if it is not, the behaviour of this method is undefined, and may be an infinite loop. If the array contains the key more than once, any one of them may be found. Note: although the specification allows for an infinite loop if the array is unsorted, it will not happen in this implementation.

Parameters:

a - the array to search (must be sorted)

key - the value to search for

Returns:

the index at which the key was found, or -n-1 if it was not found, where n is the index of the first value higher than key or a.length if there is no such value.

public static boolean[] copyOf(boolean[] original,
 int newLength)

Returns a copy of the supplied array, truncating or padding as necessary with false to obtain the specified length. Indices that are valid for both arrays will return the same value. Indices that only exist in the returned array (due to the new length being greater than the original length) will return false. This is equivalent to calling copyOfRange(original, 0, newLength).

Parameters:

original - the original array to be copied.

newLength - the length of the returned array.

Returns:

a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with false to obtain the required length.

Throws:

NegativeArraySizeException - if newLength is negative.

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOfRange(boolean[],int,int)

public static byte[] copyOf(byte[] original,
 int newLength)

Returns a copy of the supplied array, truncating or padding as necessary with (byte)0 to obtain the specified length. Indices that are valid for both arrays will return the same value. Indices that only exist in the returned array (due to the new length being greater than the original length) will return (byte)0. This is equivalent to calling copyOfRange(original, 0, newLength).

Parameters:

original - the original array to be copied.

newLength - the length of the returned array.

Returns:

a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with (byte)0 to obtain the required length.

Throws:

NegativeArraySizeException - if newLength is negative.

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOfRange(byte[],int,int)

public static char[] copyOf(char[] original,
 int newLength)

Returns a copy of the supplied array, truncating or padding as necessary with '0円' to obtain the specified length. Indices that are valid for both arrays will return the same value. Indices that only exist in the returned array (due to the new length being greater than the original length) will return '0円'. This is equivalent to calling copyOfRange(original, 0, newLength).

Parameters:

original - the original array to be copied.

newLength - the length of the returned array.

Returns:

a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with '0円' to obtain the required length.

Throws:

NegativeArraySizeException - if newLength is negative.

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOfRange(char[],int,int)

public static double[] copyOf(double[] original,
 int newLength)

Returns a copy of the supplied array, truncating or padding as necessary with 0d to obtain the specified length. Indices that are valid for both arrays will return the same value. Indices that only exist in the returned array (due to the new length being greater than the original length) will return 0d. This is equivalent to calling copyOfRange(original, 0, newLength).

Parameters:

original - the original array to be copied.

newLength - the length of the returned array.

Returns:

a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with 0d to obtain the required length.

Throws:

NegativeArraySizeException - if newLength is negative.

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOfRange(double[],int,int)

public static float[] copyOf(float[] original,
 int newLength)

Returns a copy of the supplied array, truncating or padding as necessary with 0f to obtain the specified length. Indices that are valid for both arrays will return the same value. Indices that only exist in the returned array (due to the new length being greater than the original length) will return 0f. This is equivalent to calling copyOfRange(original, 0, newLength).

Parameters:

original - the original array to be copied.

newLength - the length of the returned array.

Returns:

a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with 0f to obtain the required length.

Throws:

NegativeArraySizeException - if newLength is negative.

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOfRange(float[],int,int)

public static int[] copyOf(int[] original,
 int newLength)

Returns a copy of the supplied array, truncating or padding as necessary with 0 to obtain the specified length. Indices that are valid for both arrays will return the same value. Indices that only exist in the returned array (due to the new length being greater than the original length) will return 0. This is equivalent to calling copyOfRange(original, 0, newLength).

Parameters:

original - the original array to be copied.

newLength - the length of the returned array.

Returns:

a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with 0 to obtain the required length.

Throws:

NegativeArraySizeException - if newLength is negative.

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOfRange(int[],int,int)

public static long[] copyOf(long[] original,
 int newLength)

Returns a copy of the supplied array, truncating or padding as necessary with 0L to obtain the specified length. Indices that are valid for both arrays will return the same value. Indices that only exist in the returned array (due to the new length being greater than the original length) will return 0L. This is equivalent to calling copyOfRange(original, 0, newLength).

Parameters:

original - the original array to be copied.

newLength - the length of the returned array.

Returns:

a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with 0L to obtain the required length.

Throws:

NegativeArraySizeException - if newLength is negative.

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOfRange(long[],int,int)

public static short[] copyOf(short[] original,
 int newLength)

Returns a copy of the supplied array, truncating or padding as necessary with (short)0 to obtain the specified length. Indices that are valid for both arrays will return the same value. Indices that only exist in the returned array (due to the new length being greater than the original length) will return (short)0. This is equivalent to calling copyOfRange(original, 0, newLength).

Parameters:

original - the original array to be copied.

newLength - the length of the returned array.

Returns:

a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with (short)0 to obtain the required length.

Throws:

NegativeArraySizeException - if newLength is negative.

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOfRange(short[],int,int)

public static boolean[] copyOfRange(boolean[] original,
 int from,
 int to)

Copies the specified range of the supplied array to a new array, padding as necessary with false if to is greater than the length of the original array. from must be in the range zero to original.length and can not be greater than to. The initial element of the returned array will be equal to original[from], except where from is equal to to (where a zero-length array will be returned) or from is equal to original.length (where an array padded with false will be returned). The returned array is always of length to - from.

Parameters:

original - the array from which to copy.

from - the initial index of the range, inclusive.

to - the final index of the range, exclusive.

Returns:

a copy of the specified range, with padding to obtain the required length.

Throws:

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if from <320 or from > original.length

IllegalArgumentException - if from > to

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOf(boolean[],int)

public static byte[] copyOfRange(byte[] original,
 int from,
 int to)

Copies the specified range of the supplied array to a new array, padding as necessary with (byte)0 if to is greater than the length of the original array. from must be in the range zero to original.length and can not be greater than to. The initial element of the returned array will be equal to original[from], except where from is equal to to (where a zero-length array will be returned) or from is equal to original.length (where an array padded with (byte)0 will be returned). The returned array is always of length to - from.

Parameters:

original - the array from which to copy.

from - the initial index of the range, inclusive.

to - the final index of the range, exclusive.

Returns:

a copy of the specified range, with padding to obtain the required length.

Throws:

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if from <320 or from > original.length

IllegalArgumentException - if from > to

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOf(byte[],int)

public static char[] copyOfRange(char[] original,
 int from,
 int to)

Copies the specified range of the supplied array to a new array, padding as necessary with '0円' if to is greater than the length of the original array. from must be in the range zero to original.length and can not be greater than to. The initial element of the returned array will be equal to original[from], except where from is equal to to (where a zero-length array will be returned) or from is equal to original.length (where an array padded with '0円' will be returned). The returned array is always of length to - from.

Parameters:

original - the array from which to copy.

from - the initial index of the range, inclusive.

to - the final index of the range, exclusive.

Returns:

a copy of the specified range, with padding to obtain the required length.

Throws:

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if from <320 or from > original.length

IllegalArgumentException - if from > to

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOf(char[],int)

public static double[] copyOfRange(double[] original,
 int from,
 int to)

Copies the specified range of the supplied array to a new array, padding as necessary with 0d if to is greater than the length of the original array. from must be in the range zero to original.length and can not be greater than to. The initial element of the returned array will be equal to original[from], except where from is equal to to (where a zero-length array will be returned) or from is equal to original.length (where an array padded with 0d will be returned). The returned array is always of length to - from.

Parameters:

original - the array from which to copy.

from - the initial index of the range, inclusive.

to - the final index of the range, exclusive.

Returns:

a copy of the specified range, with padding to obtain the required length.

Throws:

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if from <320 or from > original.length

IllegalArgumentException - if from > to

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOf(double[],int)

public static float[] copyOfRange(float[] original,
 int from,
 int to)

Copies the specified range of the supplied array to a new array, padding as necessary with 0f if to is greater than the length of the original array. from must be in the range zero to original.length and can not be greater than to. The initial element of the returned array will be equal to original[from], except where from is equal to to (where a zero-length array will be returned) or from is equal to original.length (where an array padded with 0f will be returned). The returned array is always of length to - from.

Parameters:

original - the array from which to copy.

from - the initial index of the range, inclusive.

to - the final index of the range, exclusive.

Returns:

a copy of the specified range, with padding to obtain the required length.

Throws:

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if from <320 or from > original.length

IllegalArgumentException - if from > to

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOf(float[],int)

public static int[] copyOfRange(int[] original,
 int from,
 int to)

Copies the specified range of the supplied array to a new array, padding as necessary with 0 if to is greater than the length of the original array. from must be in the range zero to original.length and can not be greater than to. The initial element of the returned array will be equal to original[from], except where from is equal to to (where a zero-length array will be returned) or from is equal to original.length (where an array padded with 0 will be returned). The returned array is always of length to - from.

Parameters:

original - the array from which to copy.

from - the initial index of the range, inclusive.

to - the final index of the range, exclusive.

Returns:

a copy of the specified range, with padding to obtain the required length.

Throws:

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if from <320 or from > original.length

IllegalArgumentException - if from > to

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOf(int[],int)

public static long[] copyOfRange(long[] original,
 int from,
 int to)

Copies the specified range of the supplied array to a new array, padding as necessary with 0L if to is greater than the length of the original array. from must be in the range zero to original.length and can not be greater than to. The initial element of the returned array will be equal to original[from], except where from is equal to to (where a zero-length array will be returned) or from is equal to original.length (where an array padded with 0L will be returned). The returned array is always of length to - from.

Parameters:

original - the array from which to copy.

from - the initial index of the range, inclusive.

to - the final index of the range, exclusive.

Returns:

a copy of the specified range, with padding to obtain the required length.

Throws:

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if from <320 or from > original.length

IllegalArgumentException - if from > to

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOf(long[],int)

public static short[] copyOfRange(short[] original,
 int from,
 int to)

Copies the specified range of the supplied array to a new array, padding as necessary with (short)0 if to is greater than the length of the original array. from must be in the range zero to original.length and can not be greater than to. The initial element of the returned array will be equal to original[from], except where from is equal to to (where a zero-length array will be returned) or from is equal to original.length (where an array padded with (short)0 will be returned). The returned array is always of length to - from.

Parameters:

original - the array from which to copy.

from - the initial index of the range, inclusive.

to - the final index of the range, exclusive.

Returns:

a copy of the specified range, with padding to obtain the required length.

Throws:

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if from <320 or from > original.length

IllegalArgumentException - if from > to

NullPointerException - if original is null.

Since:

1.6

See Also:

copyOf(short[],int)

public static boolean deepEquals(Object[] v1,
 Object[] v2)

Since:

1.5

public static int deepHashCode(Object[] v)

public static String deepToString(Object[] v)

Since:

1.5

public static boolean equals(boolean[] a1,
 boolean[] a2)

Compare two boolean arrays for equality.

Parameters:

a1 - the first array to compare

a2 - the second array to compare

Returns:

true if a1 and a2 are both null, or if a2 is of the same length as a1, and for each 0 <= i <32a1.length, a1[i] == a2[i]

public static boolean equals(byte[] a1,
 byte[] a2)

Compare two byte arrays for equality.

Parameters:

a1 - the first array to compare

a2 - the second array to compare

Returns:

true if a1 and a2 are both null, or if a2 is of the same length as a1, and for each 0 <= i <32a1.length, a1[i] == a2[i]

public static boolean equals(char[] a1,
 char[] a2)

Compare two char arrays for equality.

Parameters:

a1 - the first array to compare

a2 - the second array to compare

Returns:

true if a1 and a2 are both null, or if a2 is of the same length as a1, and for each 0 <= i <32a1.length, a1[i] == a2[i]

public static boolean equals(double[] a1,
 double[] a2)

Compare two double arrays for equality.

Parameters:

a1 - the first array to compare

a2 - the second array to compare

Returns:

true if a1 and a2 are both null, or if a2 is of the same length as a1, and for each 0 <= i <32a1.length, a1[i] == a2[i]

public static boolean equals(float[] a1,
 float[] a2)

Compare two float arrays for equality.

Parameters:

a1 - the first array to compare

a2 - the second array to compare

Returns:

true if a1 and a2 are both null, or if a2 is of the same length as a1, and for each 0 <= i <32a1.length, a1[i] == a2[i]

public static boolean equals(int[] a1,
 int[] a2)

Compare two int arrays for equality.

Parameters:

a1 - the first array to compare

a2 - the second array to compare

Returns:

true if a1 and a2 are both null, or if a2 is of the same length as a1, and for each 0 <= i <32a1.length, a1[i] == a2[i]

public static boolean equals(Object[] a1,
 Object[] a2)

Compare two Object arrays for equality.

Parameters:

a1 - the first array to compare

a2 - the second array to compare

Returns:

true if a1 and a2 are both null, or if a1 is of the same length as a2, and for each 0 <= i <32a.length, a1[i] == null ? a2[i] == null : a1[i].equals(a2[i]).

public static boolean equals(long[] a1,
 long[] a2)

Compare two long arrays for equality.

Parameters:

a1 - the first array to compare

a2 - the second array to compare

Returns:

true if a1 and a2 are both null, or if a2 is of the same length as a1, and for each 0 <= i <32a1.length, a1[i] == a2[i]

public static boolean equals(short[] a1,
 short[] a2)

Compare two short arrays for equality.

Parameters:

a1 - the first array to compare

a2 - the second array to compare

Returns:

true if a1 and a2 are both null, or if a2 is of the same length as a1, and for each 0 <= i <32a1.length, a1[i] == a2[i]

public static void fill(boolean[] a,
 boolean val)

Fill an array with a boolean value.

Parameters:

a - the array to fill

val - the value to fill it with

public static void fill(boolean[] a,
 int fromIndex,
 int toIndex,
 boolean val)

Fill a range of an array with a boolean value.

Parameters:

a - the array to fill

fromIndex - the index to fill from, inclusive

toIndex - the index to fill to, exclusive

val - the value to fill with

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if fromIndex > toIndex

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex < 0 || toIndex > a.length

public static void fill(byte[] a,
 byte val)

Fill an array with a byte value.

Parameters:

a - the array to fill

val - the value to fill it with

public static void fill(byte[] a,
 int fromIndex,
 int toIndex,
 byte val)

Fill a range of an array with a byte value.

Parameters:

a - the array to fill

fromIndex - the index to fill from, inclusive

toIndex - the index to fill to, exclusive

val - the value to fill with

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if fromIndex > toIndex

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex < 0 || toIndex > a.length

public static void fill(char[] a,
 char val)

Fill an array with a char value.

Parameters:

a - the array to fill

val - the value to fill it with

public static void fill(char[] a,
 int fromIndex,
 int toIndex,
 char val)

Fill a range of an array with a char value.

Parameters:

a - the array to fill

fromIndex - the index to fill from, inclusive

toIndex - the index to fill to, exclusive

val - the value to fill with

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if fromIndex > toIndex

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex < 0 || toIndex > a.length

public static void fill(double[] a,
 double val)

Fill an array with a double value.

Parameters:

a - the array to fill

val - the value to fill it with

public static void fill(double[] a,
 int fromIndex,
 int toIndex,
 double val)

Fill a range of an array with a double value.

Parameters:

a - the array to fill

fromIndex - the index to fill from, inclusive

toIndex - the index to fill to, exclusive

val - the value to fill with

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if fromIndex > toIndex

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex < 0 || toIndex > a.length

public static void fill(float[] a,
 float val)

Fill an array with a float value.

Parameters:

a - the array to fill

val - the value to fill it with

public static void fill(float[] a,
 int fromIndex,
 int toIndex,
 float val)

Fill a range of an array with a float value.

Parameters:

a - the array to fill

fromIndex - the index to fill from, inclusive

toIndex - the index to fill to, exclusive

val - the value to fill with

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if fromIndex > toIndex

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex < 0 || toIndex > a.length

public static void fill(int[] a,
 int val)

Fill an array with an int value.

Parameters:

a - the array to fill

val - the value to fill it with

public static void fill(int[] a,
 int fromIndex,
 int toIndex,
 int val)

Fill a range of an array with an int value.

Parameters:

a - the array to fill

fromIndex - the index to fill from, inclusive

toIndex - the index to fill to, exclusive

val - the value to fill with

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if fromIndex > toIndex

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex < 0 || toIndex > a.length

public static void fill(Object[] a,
 int fromIndex,
 int toIndex,
 Object val)

Fill a range of an array with an Object value.

Parameters:

a - the array to fill

fromIndex - the index to fill from, inclusive

toIndex - the index to fill to, exclusive

val - the value to fill with

Throws:

ClassCastException - if val is not an instance of the element type of a.

IllegalArgumentException - if fromIndex > toIndex

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex < 0 || toIndex > a.length

public static void fill(Object[] a,
 Object val)

Fill an array with an Object value.

Parameters:

a - the array to fill

val - the value to fill it with

Throws:

ClassCastException - if val is not an instance of the element type of a.

public static void fill(long[] a,
 int fromIndex,
 int toIndex,
 long val)

Fill a range of an array with a long value.

Parameters:

a - the array to fill

fromIndex - the index to fill from, inclusive

toIndex - the index to fill to, exclusive

val - the value to fill with

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if fromIndex > toIndex

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex < 0 || toIndex > a.length

public static void fill(long[] a,
 long val)

Fill an array with a long value.

Parameters:

a - the array to fill

val - the value to fill it with

public static void fill(short[] a,
 int fromIndex,
 int toIndex,
 short val)

Fill a range of an array with a short value.

Parameters:

a - the array to fill

fromIndex - the index to fill from, inclusive

toIndex - the index to fill to, exclusive

val - the value to fill with

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if fromIndex > toIndex

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex < 0 || toIndex > a.length

public static void fill(short[] a,
 short val)

Fill an array with a short value.

Parameters:

a - the array to fill

val - the value to fill it with

public static int hashCode(boolean[] v)

Returns the hashcode of an array of booleans. If two arrays are equal, according to equals(), they should have the same hashcode. The hashcode returned by the method is equal to that obtained by the corresponding List object. This has the same data, but represents booleans in their wrapper class, Boolean. For null, 0 is returned.

Parameters:

v - an array of booleans for which the hash code should be computed.

Returns:

the hash code of the array, or 0 if null was given.

Since:

1.5

public static int hashCode(byte[] v)

Returns the hashcode of an array of bytes. If two arrays are equal, according to equals(), they should have the same hashcode. The hashcode returned by the method is equal to that obtained by the corresponding List object. This has the same data, but represents bytes in their wrapper class, Byte. For null, 0 is returned.

Parameters:

v - an array of bytes for which the hash code should be computed.

Returns:

the hash code of the array, or 0 if null was given.

Since:

1.5

public static int hashCode(char[] v)

Returns the hashcode of an array of characters. If two arrays are equal, according to equals(), they should have the same hashcode. The hashcode returned by the method is equal to that obtained by the corresponding List object. This has the same data, but represents chars in their wrapper class, Character. For null, 0 is returned.

Parameters:

v - an array of characters for which the hash code should be computed.

Returns:

the hash code of the array, or 0 if null was given.

Since:

1.5

public static int hashCode(double[] v)

Returns the hashcode of an array of doubles. If two arrays are equal, according to equals(), they should have the same hashcode. The hashcode returned by the method is equal to that obtained by the corresponding List object. This has the same data, but represents doubles in their wrapper class, Double. For null, 0 is returned.

Parameters:

v - an array of doubles for which the hash code should be computed.

Returns:

the hash code of the array, or 0 if null was given.

Since:

1.5

public static int hashCode(float[] v)

Returns the hashcode of an array of floats. If two arrays are equal, according to equals(), they should have the same hashcode. The hashcode returned by the method is equal to that obtained by the corresponding List object. This has the same data, but represents floats in their wrapper class, Float. For null, 0 is returned.

Parameters:

v - an array of floats for which the hash code should be computed.

Returns:

the hash code of the array, or 0 if null was given.

Since:

1.5

public static int hashCode(int[] v)

Returns the hashcode of an array of integer numbers. If two arrays are equal, according to equals(), they should have the same hashcode. The hashcode returned by the method is equal to that obtained by the corresponding List object. This has the same data, but represents ints in their wrapper class, Integer. For null, 0 is returned.

Parameters:

v - an array of integer numbers for which the hash code should be computed.

Returns:

the hash code of the array, or 0 if null was given.

Since:

1.5

public static int hashCode(Object[] v)

Returns the hashcode of an array of objects. If two arrays are equal, according to equals(), they should have the same hashcode. The hashcode returned by the method is equal to that obtained by the corresponding List object. For null, 0 is returned.

Parameters:

v - an array of integer numbers for which the hash code should be computed.

Returns:

the hash code of the array, or 0 if null was given.

Since:

1.5

public static int hashCode(long[] v)

Returns the hashcode of an array of long numbers. If two arrays are equal, according to equals(), they should have the same hashcode. The hashcode returned by the method is equal to that obtained by the corresponding List object. This has the same data, but represents longs in their wrapper class, Long. For null, 0 is returned.

Parameters:

v - an array of long numbers for which the hash code should be computed.

Returns:

the hash code of the array, or 0 if null was given.

Since:

1.5

public static int hashCode(short[] v)

Returns the hashcode of an array of short numbers. If two arrays are equal, according to equals(), they should have the same hashcode. The hashcode returned by the method is equal to that obtained by the corresponding List object. This has the same data, but represents shorts in their wrapper class, Short. For null, 0 is returned.

Parameters:

v - an array of short numbers for which the hash code should be computed.

Returns:

the hash code of the array, or 0 if null was given.

Since:

1.5

public static  int binarySearch(T[] a,
 T key,
 T> c)

Perform a binary search of an Object array for a key, using a supplied Comparator. The array must be sorted (as by the sort() method with the same Comparator) - if it is not, the behaviour of this method is undefined, and may be an infinite loop. Further, the key must be comparable with every item in the array. If the array contains the key more than once, any one of them may be found. Note: although the specification allows for an infinite loop if the array is unsorted, it will not happen in this (JCL) implementation.

Parameters:

a - the array to search (must be sorted)

key - the value to search for

c - the comparator by which the array is sorted; or null to use the elements' natural order

Returns:

the index at which the key was found, or -n-1 if it was not found, where n is the index of the first value higher than key or a.length if there is no such value.

Throws:

ClassCastException - if key could not be compared with one of the elements of a

NullPointerException - if a null element is compared with natural ordering (only possible when c is null)

public static  int binarySearch(T[] a,
 int low,
 int hi,
 T key,
 T> c)

Perform a binary search of a range of an Object array for a key using a Comparator. The range must be sorted (as by the sort(Object[], int, int) method) - if it is not, the behaviour of this method is undefined, and may be an infinite loop. If the array contains the key more than once, any one of them may be found. Note: although the specification allows for an infinite loop if the array is unsorted, it will not happen in this implementation.

Parameters:

a - the array to search (must be sorted)

low - the lowest index to search from.

hi - the highest index to search to.

key - the value to search for

c - the comparator by which the array is sorted; or null to use the elements' natural order

Returns:

the index at which the key was found, or -n-1 if it was not found, where n is the index of the first value higher than key or a.length if there is no such value.

Throws:

ClassCastException - if key could not be compared with one of the elements of a

IllegalArgumentException - if low > hi

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if low <320 or hi > a.length.

public static void sort(byte[] a)

Performs a stable sort on the elements, arranging them according to their natural order.

Parameters:

a - the byte array to sort

public static void sort(byte[] a,
 int fromIndex,
 int toIndex)

Performs a stable sort on the elements, arranging them according to their natural order.

Parameters:

a - the byte array to sort

fromIndex - the first index to sort (inclusive)

toIndex - the last index to sort (exclusive)

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if fromIndex > toIndex

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex < 0 || toIndex > a.length

public static void sort(char[] a)

Performs a stable sort on the elements, arranging them according to their natural order.

Parameters:

a - the char array to sort

public static void sort(char[] a,
 int fromIndex,
 int toIndex)

Performs a stable sort on the elements, arranging them according to their natural order.

Parameters:

a - the char array to sort

fromIndex - the first index to sort (inclusive)

toIndex - the last index to sort (exclusive)

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if fromIndex > toIndex

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex < 0 || toIndex > a.length

public static void sort(double[] a)

Performs a stable sort on the elements, arranging them according to their natural order.

Parameters:

a - the double array to sort

public static void sort(double[] a,
 int fromIndex,
 int toIndex)

Performs a stable sort on the elements, arranging them according to their natural order.

Parameters:

a - the double array to sort

fromIndex - the first index to sort (inclusive)

toIndex - the last index to sort (exclusive)

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if fromIndex > toIndex

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex < 0 || toIndex > a.length

public static void sort(float[] a)

Performs a stable sort on the elements, arranging them according to their natural order.

Parameters:

a - the float array to sort

public static void sort(float[] a,
 int fromIndex,
 int toIndex)

Performs a stable sort on the elements, arranging them according to their natural order.

Parameters:

a - the float array to sort

fromIndex - the first index to sort (inclusive)

toIndex - the last index to sort (exclusive)

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if fromIndex > toIndex

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex < 0 || toIndex > a.length

public static void sort(int[] a)

Performs a stable sort on the elements, arranging them according to their natural order.

Parameters:

a - the int array to sort

public static void sort(int[] a,
 int fromIndex,
 int toIndex)

Performs a stable sort on the elements, arranging them according to their natural order.

Parameters:

a - the int array to sort

fromIndex - the first index to sort (inclusive)

toIndex - the last index to sort (exclusive)

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if fromIndex > toIndex

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex < 0 || toIndex > a.length

public static void sort(Object[] a)

Sort an array of Objects according to their natural ordering. The sort is guaranteed to be stable, that is, equal elements will not be reordered. The sort algorithm is a mergesort with the merge omitted if the last element of one half comes before the first element of the other half. This algorithm gives guaranteed O(n*log(n)) time, at the expense of making a copy of the array.

Parameters:

a - the array to be sorted

Throws:

ClassCastException - if any two elements are not mutually comparable

NullPointerException - if an element is null (since null.compareTo cannot work)

See Also:

Comparable

public static void sort(Object[] a,
 int fromIndex,
 int toIndex)

Sort an array of Objects according to their natural ordering. The sort is guaranteed to be stable, that is, equal elements will not be reordered. The sort algorithm is a mergesort with the merge omitted if the last element of one half comes before the first element of the other half. This algorithm gives guaranteed O(n*log(n)) time, at the expense of making a copy of the array.

Parameters:

a - the array to be sorted

fromIndex - the index of the first element to be sorted

toIndex - the index of the last element to be sorted plus one

Throws:

ClassCastException - if any two elements are not mutually comparable

NullPointerException - if an element is null (since null.compareTo cannot work)

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex and toIndex are not in range.

IllegalArgumentException - if fromIndex > toIndex

public static void sort(long[] a)

Performs a stable sort on the elements, arranging them according to their natural order.

Parameters:

a - the long array to sort

public static void sort(long[] a,
 int fromIndex,
 int toIndex)

Performs a stable sort on the elements, arranging them according to their natural order.

Parameters:

a - the long array to sort

fromIndex - the first index to sort (inclusive)

toIndex - the last index to sort (exclusive)

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if fromIndex > toIndex

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex < 0 || toIndex > a.length

public static void sort(short[] a)

Performs a stable sort on the elements, arranging them according to their natural order.

Parameters:

a - the short array to sort

public static void sort(short[] a,
 int fromIndex,
 int toIndex)

Performs a stable sort on the elements, arranging them according to their natural order.

Parameters:

a - the short array to sort

fromIndex - the first index to sort (inclusive)

toIndex - the last index to sort (exclusive)

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if fromIndex > toIndex

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex < 0 || toIndex > a.length

public static String toString(boolean[] v)

Returns a String representation of the argument array. Returns "null" if a is null.

Parameters:

v - the array to represent

Returns:

a String representing this array

Since:

1.5

public static String toString(byte[] v)

Returns a String representation of the argument array. Returns "null" if a is null.

Parameters:

v - the array to represent

Returns:

a String representing this array

Since:

1.5

public static String toString(char[] v)

Returns a String representation of the argument array. Returns "null" if a is null.

Parameters:

v - the array to represent

Returns:

a String representing this array

Since:

1.5

public static String toString(double[] v)

Returns a String representation of the argument array. Returns "null" if a is null.

Parameters:

v - the array to represent

Returns:

a String representing this array

Since:

1.5

public static String toString(float[] v)

Returns a String representation of the argument array. Returns "null" if a is null.

Parameters:

v - the array to represent

Returns:

a String representing this array

Since:

1.5

public static String toString(int[] v)

Returns a String representation of the argument array. Returns "null" if a is null.

Parameters:

v - the array to represent

Returns:

a String representing this array

Since:

1.5

public static String toString(Object[] v)

Returns a String representation of the argument array. Returns "null" if a is null.

Parameters:

v - the array to represent

Returns:

a String representing this array

Since:

1.5

public static String toString(long[] v)

Returns a String representation of the argument array. Returns "null" if a is null.

Parameters:

v - the array to represent

Returns:

a String representing this array

Since:

1.5

public static String toString(short[] v)

Returns a String representation of the argument array. Returns "null" if a is null.

Parameters:

v - the array to represent

Returns:

a String representing this array

Since:

1.5

public static  void sort(T[] a,
 T> c)

Sort an array of Objects according to a Comparator. The sort is guaranteed to be stable, that is, equal elements will not be reordered. The sort algorithm is a mergesort with the merge omitted if the last element of one half comes before the first element of the other half. This algorithm gives guaranteed O(n*log(n)) time, at the expense of making a copy of the array.

Parameters:

a - the array to be sorted

c - a Comparator to use in sorting the array; or null to indicate the elements' natural order

Throws:

ClassCastException - if any two elements are not mutually comparable by the Comparator provided

NullPointerException - if a null element is compared with natural ordering (only possible when c is null)

public static  void sort(T[] a,
 int fromIndex,
 int toIndex,
 T> c)

Sort an array of Objects according to a Comparator. The sort is guaranteed to be stable, that is, equal elements will not be reordered. The sort algorithm is a mergesort with the merge omitted if the last element of one half comes before the first element of the other half. This algorithm gives guaranteed O(n*log(n)) time, at the expense of making a copy of the array.

Parameters:

a - the array to be sorted

fromIndex - the index of the first element to be sorted

toIndex - the index of the last element to be sorted plus one

c - a Comparator to use in sorting the array; or null to indicate the elements' natural order

Throws:

ClassCastException - if any two elements are not mutually comparable by the Comparator provided

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex and toIndex are not in range.

IllegalArgumentException - if fromIndex > toIndex

NullPointerException - if a null element is compared with natural ordering (only possible when c is null)