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The knocker-up used a [[Baton (law enforcement)|truncheon]] or short, heavy stick to knock on the clients' doors or a long and light stick,<ref name='Taylor'>{{cite book | last = Taylor | first = Simon | title = A land of dreams: a study of Jewish and Caribbean migrant communities in England | publisher = Routledge | year = 1993 | location = | page = 59 }} (''The knocker-up man and his long pole...'')</ref> often made of [[bamboo]], to reach windows on higher floors. At least one of them used a [[Pea shooter (toy)|pea-shooter]].<ref name="peashooter">Topham, John. [http://www.edp24.co.uk/norfolk-life/knocker_up_armed_with_a_pea_shooter_1_578884 Knocker-up Armed with a Pea Shooter, 1931 (photograph)] (accessed 2012年10月22日)</ref> In return, the knocker-up would be paid a few [[pence]] a week. The knocker-up would not leave a client's window until they were sure that the client had been awoken.
The knocker-up used a [[Baton (law enforcement)|truncheon]] or short, heavy stick to knock on the clients' doors or a long and light stick,<ref name='Taylor'>{{cite book | last = Taylor | first = Simon | title = A land of dreams: a study of Jewish and Caribbean migrant communities in England | publisher = Routledge | year = 1993 | location = | page = 59 }} (''The knocker-up man and his long pole...'')</ref> often made of [[bamboo]], to reach windows on higher floors. At least one of them used a [[Pea shooter (toy)|pea-shooter]].<ref name="peashooter">Topham, John. [http://www.edp24.co.uk/norfolk-life/knocker_up_armed_with_a_pea_shooter_1_578884 Knocker-up Armed with a Pea Shooter, 1931 (photograph)] (accessed 2012年10月22日)</ref> In return, the knocker-up would be paid a few [[pence]] a week. The knocker-up would not leave a client's window until they were sure that the client had been awoken.
A knocker upper would also use a 'snuffer outer' as a tool to rouse the sleeping. This implement was used to put out [[(削除) 가스 (削除ここまで) which were lit at dusk and then needed to be extinguished at dawn.
A knocker upper would also use a 'snuffer outer' as a tool to rouse the sleeping. This implement was used to put out [[(追記) gas lamps]] (追記ここまで) which were lit at dusk and then needed to be extinguished at dawn.
There were large numbers of people carrying out the job, especially in larger industrial towns such as [[Manchester]]. Generally the job was carried out by elderly men and women but sometimes police constables supplemented their pay by performing the task during early morning patrols.<ref name='taylor01'>{{cite book | last = Taylor | first = David | title = The new police in nineteenth-century England: crime, conflict, and control | publisher = Manchester University Press | year = 1997 | location = Manchester, UK | page = 68| isbn = 978-0-7190-4729-9 }} (''An entrepreneurial bobby could earn a shilling or two by acting as a knocker-up'')</ref>
There were large numbers of people carrying out the job, especially in larger industrial towns such as [[Manchester]]. Generally the job was carried out by elderly men and women but sometimes police constables supplemented their pay by performing the task during early morning patrols.<ref name='taylor01'>{{cite book | last = Taylor | first = David | title = The new police in nineteenth-century England: crime, conflict, and control | publisher = Manchester University Press | year = 1997 | location = Manchester, UK | page = 68| isbn = 978-0-7190-4729-9 }} (''An entrepreneurial bobby could earn a shilling or two by acting as a knocker-up'')</ref>
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Mrs. Molly Moore ([[daughter]] of Mrs. Mary Smith, also a knocker-up and the [[protagonist]] of a children's [[picture book]] by [[Andrea U'Ren]] called ''Mary Smith'') claims to have been the last knocker-up to have been [[employed]] as such. Both Mary Smith and Molly Moore used a long rubber tube as a [[peashooter]], to shoot dried peas at their client's windows. -->
Mrs. Molly Moore ([[daughter]] of Mrs. Mary Smith, also a knocker-up and the [[protagonist]] of a children's [[picture book]] by [[Andrea U'Ren]] called ''Mary Smith'') claims to have been the last knocker-up to have been [[employed]] as such. Both Mary Smith and Molly Moore used a long rubber tube as a [[peashooter]], to shoot dried peas at their client's windows. -->
A knocker-upper appears at the very beginning of the musical ''The Wind Road Boys'' by Paul Flynn. He walks along a group of children who are all holding slates with a number chalked upon them. The number on the slates denotes at what hour the householder wished to be woken in the morning and he calls and raps on the windows with his stick accordingly.(削除) 엿처먹엉^^ (削除ここまで)
A knocker-upper appears at the very beginning of the musical ''The Wind Road Boys'' by Paul Flynn. He walks along a group of children who are all holding slates with a number chalked upon them. The number on the slates denotes at what hour the householder wished to be woken in the morning and he calls and raps on the windows with his stick accordingly.
== In media ==
== In media ==
Version vom 9. November 2016, 03:56 Uhr
A knocker-up (sometimes known as a knocker-upper) was a profession[1] in Britain and Ireland that started during and lasted well into the Industrial Revolution and at least as late as the 1920s before alarm clocks were affordable or reliable. A knocker-up's job was to rouse sleeping people so they could get to work on time.[2]
The knocker-up used a truncheon or short, heavy stick to knock on the clients' doors or a long and light stick,[3] often made of bamboo, to reach windows on higher floors. At least one of them used a pea-shooter.[4] In return, the knocker-up would be paid a few pence a week. The knocker-up would not leave a client's window until they were sure that the client had been awoken.
A knocker upper would also use a 'snuffer outer' as a tool to rouse the sleeping. This implement was used to put out gas lamps which were lit at dusk and then needed to be extinguished at dawn.
There were large numbers of people carrying out the job, especially in larger industrial towns such as Manchester. Generally the job was carried out by elderly men and women but sometimes police constables supplemented their pay by performing the task during early morning patrols.[5]
Great Expectations , by Charles Dickens, includes a brief description of a knocker-up.
Hindle Wakes a play written by Stanley Houghton and then a movie (of the same title) directed by Maurice Elvey, includes a knocker-up.
A knocker-upper appears at the very beginning of the musical The Wind Road Boys by Paul Flynn. He walks along a group of children who are all holding slates with a number chalked upon them. The number on the slates denotes at what hour the householder wished to be woken in the morning and he calls and raps on the windows with his stick accordingly.
The profession of a knocker-up is documentated and explained in the episode "The Industrial Revolution" of the televion series The Worst Jobs in History .
References
Vorlage:Reflist
External links
- ↑ Egderton Leigh, Roger Wilbraham (F. R. S.): A glossary of words used in the dialect of Cheshire. Hamilton, Adams, and Co., 1877, S. 117. (One of the curious ways of earning a livelihood in the manufacturing towns)
- ↑ James Macauley: The Leisure Hour Vol VI. London 1857, S. 312.
- ↑ Simon Taylor: A land of dreams: a study of Jewish and Caribbean migrant communities in England. Routledge, 1993, S. 59. (The knocker-up man and his long pole...)
- ↑ Topham, John. Knocker-up Armed with a Pea Shooter, 1931 (photograph) (accessed 2012年10月22日)
- ↑ David Taylor: The new police in nineteenth-century England: crime, conflict, and control. Manchester University Press, Manchester, UK 1997, ISBN 978-0-7190-4729-9, S. 68. (An entrepreneurial bobby could earn a shilling or two by acting as a knocker-up)
