Abstract

Extensions and improvements of the programming language Java and its related execution environment (Java Virtual Machine, JVM) are the subject of a large number of research projects and proposals. There are projects, for instance, to add parameterized types to Java, to implement Aspect-Oriented Programming, to perform sophisticated static analysis, and to improve the run-time performance.

Since Java classes are compiled into portable binary class files (called byte code), it is the most convenient and platform-independent way to implement these improvements not by writing a new compiler or changing the JVM, but by transforming the byte code. These transformations can either be performed after compile-time, or at load-time. Many programmers are doing this by implementing their own specialized byte code manipulation tools, which are, however, restricted in the range of their re-usability.

To deal with the necessary class file transformations, we introduce an API that helps developers to conveniently implement their transformations.

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• The Java Virtual Machine
• The BCEL API
• Application Areas
• Appendix