Four-function calculator design

Question

I am new to C++ and am looking to expand my knowledge. Below is a simple program that I've made. I would like to know how it could be improved, in any way. The introduction of new ways to do things is what I am looking for. These could be anything from improving efficiency to validating input - just whatever you think is most important or beneficial.

float calculate(float x, char y, float z) {
 float answer;
 switch (y) {
 case '+':
 answer = x + z;
 break;
 case '-':
 answer = x - z;
 break;
 case '/':
 answer = x / z;
 break;
 case '*':
 answer = x * z;
 break;
 default:
 return(0);
 }
 cout <<"= "; return answer;
}
int main() {
 float num1;
 float num2;
 char aOp;
 cout << ">> "; 
 cin >> num1 >> aOp >> num2;
 cout << calculate(num1, aOp, num2) << endl << endl;
}

Answer 1

• Headers. Did you leave out the includes and function prototype at the top for simplicity or something? If not, you need to put them here otherwise your program will not compile.

• Function-returning and displaying. The last statement in your function along with the printing of the function's return value in main() will work, but it's not a good way to write it.

  Instead, move the cout <<"= "; from your function (just keep return answer;) to your std::cout statement in main().

• Function arguments/parameters. You may want to keep like-types together for clarity and so that you don't mismatch them, which would cause bugs. Whichever order is easiest to remember.

  For instance, consider these:

  calculate(num1, num2, aOp); // function call
  calculate(float x, float y, char z) {} // function definition
  

• Early return in switch. Instead of having a local variable to update and return at the end, you could instead return from the respective case:

  switch (y) {
   case '+': return x + z;
   case '-': return x - z;
   case '/': return x / z;
   case '*': return x * z;
   default: std::logic_error("invalid operator"); // from <stdexcept>
  }
  

  Notice this default statement. If the user enters an invalid operator, but no input validation was done beforehand, and exception will be thrown. Overall, it's best to have a useful default, and this is one example.

• You should also make sure the user isn't dividing by 0. If so, don't let the calculation take place, otherwise there will be problem. For such a case, you can just terminate from main() early:

  if (num2 == 0 && aOp == '/')
  {
   std::cout << "You cannot divide by 0! Terminating...";
   return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }