I've successfully solved the Alien Languages problem for Google Code Jam in Haskell:
The algorithm is trivial - turn the patterns into regular expressions and see how many of the known words match these expressions.
But - this has taken me far longer than I expected it to, and most of the time I was battling with getting my types correct. Which leaves me wondering whether there is something wrong with my understanding of functional programming.
module Main where
-- http://code.google.com/codejam/contest/90101/dashboard#s=p0
-- Input and output with standard redirection operators
-- Unless otherwise indicated, all modules used are either bundled with
-- the Haskell Platform (http://hackage.haskell.org/platform/) or available
-- as a separate download from Hackage (http://hackage.haskell.org/).
import Data.List
import Text.Regex.Posix
import Data.String.Utils
numberOfMatches :: String -> [String] -> Int
numberOfMatches pattern = foldl' matches 0
where
matches acc word = if word =~ pattern' :: Bool
then acc + 1
else acc
pattern' = replace "(" "[" $ replace ")" "]" pattern
getResult :: String -> ([String], Int, [String]) -> ([String], Int, [String])
getResult pattern (w, count, accum) = (w, count - 1, res : accum)
where res = "Case #" ++ show count ++ ": " ++ show (numberOfMatches pattern w)
main :: IO ()
main = do
(header:xs) <- fmap lines getContents -- IO is a Functor.
let [_, d, n] = map read $ words header
let knownWords = take d xs
let patterns = drop d xs
let (_, _, results) = foldr getResult (knownWords, n, []) patterns
mapM_ putStrLn results
Which, for a test input of:
3 5 4 abc bca dac dbc cba (ab)(bc)(ca) abc (abc)(abc)(abc) (zyx)bc
Yields the results:
Case #1: 2 Case #2: 1 Case #3: 3 Case #4: 0
-
\$\begingroup\$ As for "most of the time I was battling with getting my types correct" - it's common for beginners. My solution to it was just to keep writing programs until I learned the type system. So don't worry, it's normal. \$\endgroup\$nponeccop– nponeccop2012年11月08日 11:53:23 +00:00Commented Nov 8, 2012 at 11:53
2 Answers 2
A good rule of thumb is that you should only ever use foldr
when you're really sure that your fold is not an instance of something simpler. In your case, the fold is doing pretty much exactly two things while traversing the pattern list:
- Keeping track of the "case index"
- Accumulating the result list
The second should be easily recognisable as a map
- maybe less obvious is that the first can just be written as a zip
with an enumeration:
getResult :: [String] -> (Int, String) -> String
getResult w (count, pattern) =
"Case #" ++ show count ++ ": " ++ show (numberOfMatches pattern w)
main :: IO ()
main = do
[...]
let results = map (getResult knownWords) $ zip [1..n] patterns
Which is much easier to understand than trying to bend the fold to do the right thing.
Also, just as a suggestion, here's main
implemented in a more "imperative" (read: monadic) style. After all, Haskell is said to be the best imperative language ever invented, so we can do that proudly:
main :: IO ()
main = do
[_, d, n] <- fmap (map read . words) getLine
knownWords <- replicateM d getLine
forM_ [1..n] $ \count -> do
pattern <- getLine
let matches = numberOfMatches pattern knownWords
putStrLn $ concat ["Case #", show count, ": ", show matches]
-
\$\begingroup\$ Thanks very much - exactly what I need. You can probably see that I was trying to do something similar to your last suggestion, but I couldn't get the types to match. I should pay more attention to Control.Monad as well. I'm glad I learned about
replicateM
andforM_
. I actually know the benefit of the underscore suffix as I used to get[(), (), ()]
outputs when usingmapM
inmain
instead ofmapM_
. Thanks for the effort - I appreciate it. \$\endgroup\$Abizern– Abizern2012年10月29日 17:22:55 +00:00Commented Oct 29, 2012 at 17:22
You can use list length and an operator section to count matches:
numberOfMatches pattern = length . filter (=~ pattern')
where
pattern' = replace "(" "[" $ replace ")" "]" pattern