This is the third round of reviews. The second round can be found in this question. This question focuses on the PyQt5 GUI for this app.
This is a project I have been working on. This is one of my first experiences with Python and OOP as a whole. I have written a GUI that handles the inputs for these classes, but I will ask for a separate review for that, since the question would be rather bulky when including both.
The goal of this program is to create standard SQL (SQL server) queries for everyday use. The rationale behind this is that we regularly need similar queries, and would like to prevent common mistakes in them. The focus on this question is on the Python code however.
The information about the tables and their relation to each-other is provided by a JSON file, of which I have attached a mock-up version.
The code consists of three parts:
A universe class which handles the JSON file and creates the context of the tables.
A query class, which handles the specifications of which tables to include, which columns to take, how to join each table and optional where statements.
A PyQT GUI that handles the inputs.
This post is specifically for the GUI, since this is my first time working with PyQT, so I am not sure if all is done properly. The file with the file with the classes Query and Universe and an example JSON file can be found on GitHub.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Thu Aug 10 10:46:28 2017
@author: jdubbeldam
"""
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QMainWindow, QDesktopWidget, QFileDialog, QDialog,
QRadioButton, QPushButton, QCheckBox, QTextEdit,
QButtonGroup, QLineEdit, QApplication)
from classes import Query
#Global constants defining the amount of vertical space between those specific items.
PUSHBUTTONHEIGHT = 40
RADIOBUTTONHEIGHT = 20
CHECKBOXHEIGHT = 20
class CreateQueryInterface(QMainWindow):
"""
This class provides a GUI to the Query class imported from classes.py.
"""
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.select_universe()
self.init_ui()
def init_ui(self):
"""
Handles generating the main interface. This consists of a column of
buttons, which get enabled when they become relevant, and a textbox
from where the output from compile_query can be copied.
"""
table_button = QPushButton('Select tables', self)
table_button.move(50, 50)
table_button.clicked.connect(self.pick_tables)
table_button.setEnabled(True)
self.column_button = QPushButton('Select columns', self)
self.column_button.move(50, 100)
self.column_button.clicked.connect(self.pick_table_for_columns)
self.column_button.setEnabled(False)
self.join_button = QPushButton('Specify joins', self)
self.join_button.move(50, 150)
self.join_button.clicked.connect(self.specify_joins)
self.join_button.setEnabled(False)
self.where_button = QPushButton('Specify wheres', self)
self.where_button.move(50, 200)
self.where_button.clicked.connect(self.specify_where)
self.where_button.setEnabled(False)
preset_button = QPushButton('Presets', self)
preset_button.move(50, 250)
preset_button.clicked.connect(self.select_presets)
preset_button.setEnabled(True)
self.compile_button = QPushButton('Compile', self)
self.compile_button.move(50, 300)
self.compile_button.clicked.connect(self.print_query)
self.compile_button.setEnabled(False)
reset_button = QPushButton('Reset', self)
reset_button.move(50, 450)
reset_button.clicked.connect(self.reset)
self.output = QTextEdit(self)
self.output.move(200, 50)
self.output.resize(400, 400)
self.output.setReadOnly(True)
self.resize(650, 500)
self.setWindowTitle('SQL Builder')
self.center()
self.raise_()
self.activateWindow()
self.show()
def center(self):
"""
Handles the position of the main window.
"""
screen = QDesktopWidget().screenGeometry()
size = self.geometry()
self.move((screen.width()-size.width())/2,
(screen.height()-size.height())/2)
def select_universe(self):
"""
Upon initialization creates a filedialog to select a JSON file to serve as
context (Universe). These files have their extension changed to .uni to make
filtering easier. The generated files will be in one specific directory, so
this location is hardcoded.
"""
try:
self.query = Query(filename=QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(
None,
'Select universe',
'R:/NL/Database Marketing/R library/SQL builder/Universes',
'Universes (*.uni)')[0])
except FileNotFoundError:
sys.exit()
def pick_tables(self):
"""
Creates a dialog where tables can be activated. self.active_tables
contains a list of tables already activated; the checked state is imported
from there. If the table has been activated by a preset, its button will
be disabled, to prevent messing with the preset.
"""
dialog = QDialog()
buttons = []
for index, table in zip(range(len(self.query.tables)), self.query.tables):
buttons.append(QCheckBox(dialog))
buttons[index].setText(table)
buttons[index].move(10, 10 + index * CHECKBOXHEIGHT)
buttons[index].clicked[bool].connect(self.activate_table)
buttons[index].setChecked(table in self.query.active_tables)
try:
buttons[index].setEnabled(table not in self.query.tables_added_by_preset)
except KeyError:
pass
dialog.setWindowTitle('Pick tables')
dialog.exec_()
def activate_table(self, pressed):
"""
When a checkbox created by pick_tables is changed, the related table is
added or removed from self.active_tables. This also activates more
relevant buttons in the main window.
"""
source = self.sender()
if pressed:
self.query.add_tables(source.text())
else:
self.query.remove_tables(source.text())
self.column_button.setEnabled(True)
self.compile_button.setEnabled(True)
if len(self.query.active_tables) > 1:
self.join_button.setEnabled(True)
def pick_table_for_columns(self):
"""
Selecting columns goes in two steps, first the table is selected, then
another dialog is displayed with checkboxes for the columns. This method
handles the table selection.
"""
dialog = QDialog()
buttons = []
tables = self.query.active_tables
for index, table in zip(range(len(tables)), tables):
buttons.append(QPushButton(table, dialog))
buttons[index].move(10, 10 + index * PUSHBUTTONHEIGHT)
buttons[index].clicked.connect(self.pick_columns)
dialog.setWindowTitle('Select tables')
dialog.exec_()
def pick_columns(self):
"""
When a table is selected, its name is stored in an attribute so it can
be called in subsequent functions. This method enumerates all columns
available in the selected table and creates checkboxes.
"""
source = self.sender()
selected_table = source.text()
dialog = QDialog()
buttons = []
columns = self.query.tables[selected_table]['Columns']
maximal_name_length = max([len(column) for column in columns])
for index, column in zip(range(len(columns)), sorted(columns)):
buttons.append(QCheckBox(dialog))
buttons[index].setText(column)
buttons[index].move(10 + (CHECKBOXHEIGHT + 6 * maximal_name_length) * (index//45),
10 + index%45 * CHECKBOXHEIGHT)
buttons[index].clicked[bool].connect(self.activate_columns)
buttons[index].selected_table = selected_table
buttons[index].setChecked(column in self.query.active_columns[selected_table])
dialog.setWindowTitle('Pick columns')
dialog.resize(20 + (CHECKBOXHEIGHT + 6 * maximal_name_length) * (len(columns)//45 + 1),
20 + min(len(columns), 45) * CHECKBOXHEIGHT)
dialog.exec_()
def activate_columns(self, pressed):
"""
When a checkbox created by pick_columns is changed, it is added or removed
from the dictionary of activated columns. Enables another button.
"""
source = self.sender()
selected_table = source.selected_table
if pressed:
self.query.add_columns(selected_table, source.text())
self.where_button.setEnabled(True)
else:
self.query.remove_columns(selected_table, source.text())
def specify_joins(self):
"""
Dialog to set the way tables are joined. First the required joins are
computed by calling the find_joins method. Each of the joins gets a button
which creates another dialog.
"""
joins = self.query.find_joins()
dialog = QDialog()
options = []
max_join_string = max([len(join[0] + ' on ' + join[1]) for join in joins])
for index, join in zip(range(len(joins)), joins):
options.append(QPushButton(join[0] + ' on ' + join[1], dialog))
options[index].move(10, 10 + index * PUSHBUTTONHEIGHT)
options[index].clicked.connect(self.pick_join_settings)
options[index].joinTag = join
dialog.setWindowTitle('Select a join')
dialog.resize(20 + 6 * max_join_string, 20 + PUSHBUTTONHEIGHT * len(joins))
dialog.exec_()
def pick_join_settings(self):
"""
Given a join, the default join setting is imported from the Universe.
Then the join_settings dictionary is checked to see if another join has
already been set or not. If not, the default is used. The four options
are shown as radiobuttons with the current setting activated.
"""
source = self.sender()
table_tuple = source.joinTag
try:
how = self.query.tables[table_tuple[0]]['Joins'][table_tuple[1]][1]
except TypeError:
table_tuple = (table_tuple[1], table_tuple[0])
how = self.query.tables[table_tuple[0]]['Joins'][table_tuple[1]][1]
selected_join = table_tuple
try:
how = self.query.how_to_join[table_tuple]
except KeyError:
pass
dialog = QDialog()
buttongroup = QButtonGroup(dialog)
buttons = []
for index, setting in zip(range(4), ['inner', 'left', 'right', 'full']):
buttons.append(QRadioButton(dialog))
buttons[index].setText(setting)
buttons[index].setChecked(setting == how)
buttons[index].move(20, 20 + index * RADIOBUTTONHEIGHT)
buttons[index].clicked.connect(self.adjust_join_settings)
buttons[index].selected_join = selected_join
buttongroup.addButton(buttons[index])
dialog.setWindowTitle('Pick a join type')
dialog.exec_()
def adjust_join_settings(self):
"""
Sets the join setting to the selected radiobutton.
"""
source = self.sender()
selected_join = source.selected_join
self.query.how_to_join[selected_join] = source.text()
def specify_where(self):
"""
Series of dialogs to set where-statements. Where-statements can be
configured on columns, so there first is a dialog to select one of the
activated tables, and then one to select one of the activated columns.
"""
dialog3 = QDialog()
tables = self.query.active_tables
buttons = []
for index, table in zip(range(len(tables)), tables):
buttons.append(QPushButton(table, dialog3))
buttons[index].move(10, 10 + index * PUSHBUTTONHEIGHT)
buttons[index].clicked.connect(self.pick_column_for_where)
buttons[index].setEnabled(len(self.query.active_columns[table]))
dialog3.setWindowTitle('Select a table')
dialog3.exec_()
def pick_column_for_where(self):
"""
After a table has been selected, this enumerates the activated columns
and allows column selection.
"""
source = self.sender()
selected_table = source.text()
dialog = QDialog()
buttons = []
columns = self.query.active_columns[selected_table]
maximal_name_length = max([len(column) for column in columns])
for index, column in zip(range(len(columns)), sorted(columns)):
buttons.append(QPushButton(dialog))
buttons[index].setText(column)
buttons[index].move(10 + 6 * maximal_name_length * (index//45),
10 + index%45 * PUSHBUTTONHEIGHT)
buttons[index].clicked.connect(self.specify_where_text)
buttons[index].selected_table = selected_table
buttons[index].parent_dialog = dialog
dialog.setWindowTitle('Select a column')
dialog.resize(20 + (CHECKBOXHEIGHT + 6 * maximal_name_length) * (len(columns)//45 + 1),
20 + min(len(columns), 45) * CHECKBOXHEIGHT)
dialog.exec_()
def specify_where_text(self):
"""
Creates a line-edit dialog where "table.column = " is already filled in.
This is (very) vulnerable to SQL-injection, but 1) this is for internal
use only and 2) the generated SQL is printed, not sent to the database.
"""
source = self.sender()
selected_column = source.text()
selected_table = source.selected_table
dialog = QDialog()
where_editor = QLineEdit(dialog)
try:
where_editor.setText(self.query.where[(selected_table, selected_column)])
except KeyError:
where_editor.setText(selected_table + '.' + selected_column + ' = ')
where_editor.move(20, 20)
where_editor.resize(6 * len(where_editor.text()) + 200, 20)
confirm_button = QPushButton('Confirm', dialog)
confirm_button.move(20, 60)
confirm_button.clicked.connect(self.submit_where_text)
confirm_button.selected_column = selected_column
confirm_button.selected_table = selected_table
confirm_button.linked_editor = where_editor
confirm_button.parent_dialog = [dialog, source.parent_dialog]
dialog.setWindowTitle('Specify where statement')
dialog.resize(6 * len(where_editor.text()) + 240, 100)
dialog.exec_()
def submit_where_text(self):
"""
Handles the submit button, stores the where-string and closes the dialogs.
"""
source = self.sender()
editor = source.linked_editor
selected_table = source.selected_table
selected_column = source.selected_column
self.query.add_where(editor.text(), selected_table, selected_column)
for dialog in source.parent_dialog:
dialog.close()
def select_presets(self):
"""
Presets are predefined where-statements that can be added in a few clicks.
They add the relevant table to the list of activated tables and add
a where statement. For simplicity, when added, a preset can't be disabled.
"""
presets = self.query.presets.keys()
dialog = QDialog()
buttons = []
for index, preset in zip(range(len(presets)), presets):
buttons.append(QCheckBox(dialog))
buttons[index].setText(preset)
buttons[index].setEnabled(preset not in self.query.active_presets)
buttons[index].setChecked(preset in self.query.active_presets)
buttons[index].clicked[bool].connect(self.activate_preset)
buttons[index].move(10, 10 + index * CHECKBOXHEIGHT)
dialog.setWindowTitle('Select presets')
dialog.exec_()
def activate_preset(self):
"""
Activates preset. Enables buttons similar to activating a table, as this
also activates presets. Keeps track of tables added by presets.
"""
source = self.sender()
source.setEnabled(False)
self.query.add_preset(source.text())
self.column_button.setEnabled(True)
self.compile_button.setEnabled(True)
if len(self.query.active_tables) > 1:
self.join_button.setEnabled(True)
def print_query(self):
"""
Compiles the query. The activated elements are added to the query and
the compile_query method is called. The result is printed in the Textdisplay.
"""
self.output.setText(self.query.compile_query())
def reset(self):
"""
Resets the interface, opening another Universe selection dialog and clears
the output.
"""
self.select_universe()
self.output.clear()
def main():
"""
Deploys the app
"""
app = QApplication([])
interface = CreateQueryInterface()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
print(interface)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Regarding the splitting up of the code into different questions and posting the rest on github, see this meta discussion.
1 Answer 1
- You can use
max()
with a generator expression rather than passing a list to it:max(len(join[0] + ' on ' + join[1] for join in joins)
. - Use
enumerate()
rather than usingzip
withrange()
:for index, join in enumerate(joins):
. - You may want to convert the
join
to anamedtuple
as it is being indexed a lot(join[0]
,join[1]
,table_tuple[0]
etc). Namedtuple based version would be more readable. Here instead of appending the object to a list and then accessing it using index to perform some actions on it you can assign it to a variable and perform actions on that.
for index, join in enumerate(joins): button = QPushButton(join[0] + ' on ' + join[1], dialog) button.move(10, 10 + index * PUSHBUTTONHEIGHT) button.clicked.connect(self.pick_join_settings) button.joinTag = join options.append(button)
init_ui
is doing lot of repetitive stuff on the buttons created, this repetitive stuff can be moved to a separate method.def init_ui(self): """ Handles generating the main interface. This consists of a column of buttons, which get enabled when they become relevant, and a textbox from where the output from compile_query can be copied. """ table_button = QPushButton('Select tables', self) self._perform_action_on_button(table_button, move=(50, 50), connect=self.pick_tables, set_enabled=True) self.column_button = QPushButton('Select columns', self) self._perform_action_on_button(self.column_button, move=(50, 100), connect=self.pick_table_for_columns, set_enabled=False) ... @staticmethod def _perform_action_on_button(button, move, connect, set_enabled): button.move(*move) button.clicked.connect(connect) table_button.setEnabled(set_enabled)
-
\$\begingroup\$ Hmm, the same point in point 5 can be said for the buttons in point 4. Might expand the static method slightly to allow for optional arguments. \$\endgroup\$JAD– JAD2017年08月21日 12:01:19 +00:00Commented Aug 21, 2017 at 12:01
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print(interface)
for at the end of themain
? \$\endgroup\$interface
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