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simple_banking_system Simple Banking System 2020年12月02日 17:38:13 +00:00
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Python Developer Hyperskill Course

Simple Programs

Introduction to Python

Python is a modern general-purpose programming language designed to be easy to learn and use in practice. Python has a wide range of possible applications, especially in:

  • web development
  • data science (including machine learning)
  • scripting (task automation, e.g. text processing or a simulation of typical user actions)

Less commonly, it is also used in desktop development.

Example

Code that prints Learn Python to be great!

print("Learn Python to be great!")

Overview of the basic program

Hello, World! example

print("Hello, World!")

print is the name of a function. A function is a block of code that does something useful. To include quotes in a string it must be enclosed in quotes of another type.

print("Yes, I'm ready to learn Python.")

Possible errors

  • Extra indentation
  • Calling function by wrong name
  • Writing names in wrong case
  • Missing one or both quotes for a string
  • Missing one or more parentheses

Multi-line programs

The print function allows to print an empty line with no string specified.

Program execution

Python is an interpreted language. At a high level, program execution is like this:

Writing a script ---> Interpretation ---> Everything works!

The interpreter is the software that "reads" the program and executes the code line by line from top to bottom. It is a part of the standard library with all built-in modules, functions, data, etc. The default interpreter for Python is written in C and is called CPython. PyPy (Restricted Python), Jython (Java) and IronPython (.Net) are other available interpreters.

Interpretation consists of 3 steps; compilation, byte-code and virtual machine. The compiler turns code into byte-code. Byte-code is lower level, platform-independent and a more efficient version of the code. It is not binary machine code, but Python-specific representation of source code. This is the reason Python is slower than traditional compiled languages.

After compilation, the byte-code is given to the PVM (Python Virtual Machine). which runs the byte-code.

Introduction to Python shell

The interactive shell is a real-time Python interpreter. IDLE is a simple graphic interface for Python Shell.

Taking input

The input() function waits for a value to be entered by the user, it reads it and returns it in a program as a string. Recommended to state clearly what type of input is expected. For example, input() can take an optional argument for this: input('Please, enter your name: ') (input is printed in new line) but it can also be printed with the print()function (input is printed in the same line)

Program with numbers