Change object storage classes

This page describes how to change the storage class of objects within a bucket through rewriting the object.

  • To learn how to change object storage classes without rewriting an object, see the Object Lifecycle Management feature.
  • To learn how Cloud Storage can automatically manage your object's storage classes, see the Autoclass feature.

Required roles

In order to get the required permissions for changing the storage class of an object through rewriting the object, ask your administrator to grant you the Storage Object User (roles/storage.objectUser) role on the bucket.

This role contains the permissions required to change the storage class of an object. To see the exact permissions that are required, expand the Required permissions section:

Required permissions

  • storage.objects.create
  • storage.objects.delete
  • storage.objects.get
  • storage.objects.list

You might also be able to get these permissions with other predefined roles or custom roles.

For instructions on granting roles on buckets, see Set and manage IAM policies on buckets.

Change an object's storage class

Complete the following steps to change an object's storage class:

Console

Individual object storage classes cannot be set through the Google Cloud console. Instead, use the Google Cloud CLI.

Command line

Use the gcloud storage objects update command with the --storage-class flag. For example:

gcloud storage objects update gs://BUCKET_NAME/OBJECT_NAME --storage-class=STORAGE_CLASS

Where:

  • BUCKET_NAME is the name of the bucket containing the object whose class you want to change. For example, my-bucket.
  • OBJECT_NAME is the name of the object whose class you want to change. For example, pets/dog.png.
  • STORAGE_CLASS is the new storage class for your object. For example, nearline.

Client libraries

C++

For more information, see the Cloud Storage C++ API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

namespacegcs=::google::cloud::storage;
using::google::cloud::StatusOr;
[](gcs::Clientclient,std::stringconst&bucket_name,
std::stringconst&object_name,std::stringconst&storage_class){
StatusOr<gcs::ObjectMetadata>object_metadata=
client.RewriteObjectBlocking(
bucket_name,object_name,bucket_name,object_name,
gcs::WithObjectMetadata(
gcs::ObjectMetadata().set_storage_class(storage_class)));
if(!object_metadata)throwstd::move(object_metadata).status();
std::cout << "Changed storage class of object " << object_metadata->name()
 << " in bucket " << object_metadata->bucket() << " to "
 << object_metadata->storage_class() << "\n";
}

C#

For more information, see the Cloud Storage C# API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.


usingGoogle.Cloud.Storage.V1 ;
usingSystem;
publicclassChangeFileStorageClassSample
{
publicGoogle.Apis.Storage.v1.Data.ObjectChangeFileStorageClass(
stringbucketName="your-bucket-name",
stringobjectName="your-object-name",
stringstorageClass=StorageClasses .Standard )
{
varstorage=StorageClient .Create ();
// Changing storage class requires a rewrite operation, which can only be done
// by the underlying service
varobj=newGoogle.Apis.Storage.v1.Data.Object{StorageClass=storageClass};
storage.Service.Objects.Rewrite(obj,bucketName,objectName,bucketName,objectName).Execute();
varfile=storage.GetObject(bucketName,objectName);
Console.WriteLine($"Object {objectName} in bucket {bucketName} had"+
$" its storage class set to {storageClass}.");
returnfile;
}
}

Go

For more information, see the Cloud Storage Go API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

import(
"context"
"fmt"
"io"
"time"
"cloud.google.com/go/storage"
)
// changeObjectStorageClass changes the storage class of a single object.
funcchangeObjectStorageClass(wio.Writer ,bucket,objectstring)error{
// bucket := "bucket-name"
// object := "object-name"
ctx:=context.Background()
client,err:=storage.NewClient(ctx)
iferr!=nil{
returnfmt.Errorf("storage.NewClient: %w",err)
}
deferclient.Close()
ctx,cancel:=context.WithTimeout(ctx,time.Second*10)
defercancel()
o:=client.Bucket (bucket).Object (object)
// Optional: set a generation-match precondition to avoid potential race
// conditions and data corruptions. The request to copy is aborted if the
// object's generation number does not match your precondition.
attrs,err:=o.Attrs(ctx)
iferr!=nil{
returnfmt.Errorf("object.Attrs: %w",err)
}
o=o.If(storage.Conditions {GenerationMatch:attrs.Generation })
// See the StorageClass documentation for other valid storage classes:
// https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/storage-classes
newStorageClass:="COLDLINE"
// You can't change an object's storage class directly, the only way is
// to rewrite the object with the desired storage class.
copier:=o.CopierFrom (o)
copier.StorageClass=newStorageClass
if_,err:=copier.Run(ctx);err!=nil{
returnfmt.Errorf("copier.Run: %w",err)
}
fmt.Fprintf(w,"Object %v in bucket %v had its storage class set to %v\n",object,bucket,newStorageClass)
returnnil
}

Java

For more information, see the Cloud Storage Java API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

importcom.google.cloud.storage.Blob ;
importcom.google.cloud.storage.BlobId ;
importcom.google.cloud.storage.BlobInfo ;
importcom.google.cloud.storage.Storage ;
importcom.google.cloud.storage.StorageClass ;
importcom.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions ;
publicclass ChangeObjectStorageClass{
publicstaticvoidchangeObjectStorageClass(
StringprojectId,StringbucketName,StringobjectName){
// The ID of your GCP project
// String projectId = "your-project-id";
// The ID of your GCS bucket
// String bucketName = "your-unique-bucket-name";
// The ID of your GCS object
// String objectName = "your-object-name";
Storage storage=StorageOptions .newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService ();
BlobId blobId=BlobId .of(bucketName,objectName);
Blob sourceBlob=storage.get (blobId);
if(sourceBlob==null){
System.out.println("The object "+objectName+" wasn't found in "+bucketName);
return;
}
// See the StorageClass documentation for other valid storage classes:
// https://googleapis.dev/java/google-cloud-clients/latest/com/google/cloud/storage/StorageClass.html
StorageClass storageClass=StorageClass .COLDLINE;
// You can't change an object's storage class directly, the only way is to rewrite the object
// with the desired storage class
BlobInfo targetBlob=BlobInfo .newBuilder(blobId).setStorageClass(storageClass).build();
// Optional: set a generation-match precondition to avoid potential race
// conditions and data corruptions. The request to upload returns a 412 error if
// the object's generation number does not match your precondition.
Storage .BlobSourceOptionprecondition=
Storage .BlobSourceOption.generationMatch(sourceBlob.getGeneration());
Storage .CopyRequest request=
Storage .CopyRequest.newBuilder()
.setSource(blobId)
.setSourceOptions(precondition)// delete this line to run without preconditions
.setTarget(targetBlob)
.build();
Blob updatedBlob=storage.copy (request).getResult();
System.out.println(
"Object "
+objectName
+" in bucket "
+bucketName
+" had its storage class set to "
+updatedBlob.getStorageClass().name ());
}
}

Node.js

For more information, see the Cloud Storage Node.js API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const{Storage}=require('@google-cloud/storage');
// Creates a client
conststorage=newStorage();
/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// The ID of your GCS bucket
// const bucketName = 'your-unique-bucket-name';
// The ID of your GCS file
// const fileName = 'your-file-name';
// The name of a storage class
// See the StorageClass documentation for other valid storage classes:
// https://googleapis.dev/java/google-cloud-clients/latest/com/google/cloud/storage/StorageClass.html
// const storageClass = 'coldline';
asyncfunctionfileChangeStorageClass(){
// Optional:
// Set a generation-match precondition to avoid potential race conditions
// and data corruptions. The request to copy is aborted if the object's
// generation number does not match your precondition. For a destination
// object that does not yet exist, set the ifGenerationMatch precondition to 0
// If the destination object already exists in your bucket, set instead a
// generation-match precondition using its generation number.
constsetStorageClassOptions={
ifGenerationMatch:generationMatchPrecondition,
};
awaitstorage
.bucket(bucketName)
.file(fileName)
.setStorageClass(storageClass,setStorageClassOptions);
console.log(`${fileName} has been set to ${storageClass}`);
}
fileChangeStorageClass().catch(console.error);

PHP

For more information, see the Cloud Storage PHP API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

use Google\Cloud\Storage\StorageClient;
/**
 * Change the storage class of the given file.
 *
 * @param string $bucketName The name of your Cloud Storage bucket.
 * (e.g. 'my-bucket')
 * @param string $objectName The name of your Cloud Storage object.
 * (e.g. 'my-object')
 * @param string $storageClass The storage class of the new object.
 * (e.g. 'COLDLINE')
 */
function change_file_storage_class(string $bucketName, string $objectName, string $storageClass): void
{
 $storage = new StorageClient();
 $bucket = $storage->bucket($bucketName);
 $object = $bucket->object($objectName);
 // Storage class cannot be changed directly. But we can rewrite the object
 // using the new storage class.
 $newObject = $object->rewrite($bucket, [
 'storageClass' => $storageClass,
 ]);
 printf(
 'Object %s in bucket %s had its storage class set to %s',
 $objectName,
 $bucketName,
 $newObject->info()['storageClass']
 );
}

Python

For more information, see the Cloud Storage Python API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

fromgoogle.cloudimport storage
defchange_file_storage_class(bucket_name, blob_name):
"""Change the default storage class of the blob"""
 # bucket_name = "your-bucket-name"
 # blob_name = "your-object-name"
 storage_client = storage .Client ()
 bucket = storage_client.bucket (bucket_name)
 blob = bucket.blob(blob_name)
 generation_match_precondition = None
 # Optional: set a generation-match precondition to avoid potential race
 # conditions and data corruptions. The request is aborted if the
 # object's generation number does not match your precondition.
 blob.reload() # Fetch blob metadata to use in generation_match_precondition.
 generation_match_precondition = blob.generation
 blob.update_storage_class ("NEARLINE", if_generation_match=generation_match_precondition)
 print(
 "Blob {} in bucket {} had its storage class set to {}".format(
 blob_name,
 bucket_name,
 blob.storage_class
 )
 )
 return blob

Ruby

For more information, see the Cloud Storage Ruby API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

defchange_file_storage_classbucket_name:,file_name:
# The ID of your GCS bucket
# bucket_name = "your-unique-bucket-name"
# The ID of your GCS object
# file_name = "your-file-name"
require"google/cloud/storage"
storage=Google::Cloud::Storage .new
bucket=storage.bucketbucket_name,skip_lookup:true
file=bucket.file file_name
file.storage_class="NEARLINE"
puts"File #{file_name} in bucket #{bucket_name} had its storage class set to #{file.storage_class}"
end

REST APIs

JSON API

  1. Have gcloud CLI installed and initialized, which lets you generate an access token for the Authorization header.

  2. Create a JSON file that contains the following information:

    {
    "storageClass":"STORAGE_CLASS"
    }

    Where:

  3. Use cURL to call the JSON API with a POST Object, request:

    curl -X POST --data-binary @JSON_FILE_NAME \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     "https://storage.googleapis.com/storage/v1/b/BUCKET_NAME/o/OBJECT_NAME/rewriteTo/b/BUCKET_NAME/o/OBJECT_NAME"

    Where:

    • JSON_FILE_NAME is the path for the JSON file that you created in Step 2.
    • BUCKET_NAME is the name of the bucket containing the original object. For example, my-bucket.
    • OBJECT_NAME is the URL-encoded name of the object. For example, pets/dog.png, URL-encoded as pets%2Fdog.png.

XML API

  1. Have gcloud CLI installed and initialized, which lets you generate an access token for the Authorization header.

  2. Use cURL to call the XML API with a PUT Object request:

    curl -X PUT --data-binary @OBJECT \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "Content-Type: OBJECT_CONTENT_TYPE" \
     -H "x-goog-storage-class: STORAGE_CLASS" \
     "https://storage.googleapis.com/BUCKET_NAME/OBJECT_NAME"

    Where:

    • OBJECT is the local path to the object whose storage class you want to change (you must re-upload the object when changing storage class with the XML API). For example, Desktop/dog.png.
    • OBJECT_CONTENT_TYPE is the content type of the object. For example, image/png.
    • STORAGE_CLASS is the new storage class for your object. For example, nearline.
    • BUCKET_NAME is the name of the bucket containing the object you are rewriting. For example, my-bucket.
    • OBJECT_NAME is the URL-encoded name of the object you are rewriting. For example, pets/dog.png, URL-encoded as pets%2Fdog.png.

What's next

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Last updated 2025年11月06日 UTC.