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The test runs fine on Linux, but hangs in test_send() on OS-X and *BSD.
I don't know what's wrong, so if someone with access to one of these OS could have a look, it would be great.

Perhaps Ned can help on the OS X side of things.

The review diff is weird: it seems it contains changes that aren't EINTR-related (see e.g. argparse.rst).

(It may be several days before I can spend much time on it but I will take a look.)

> The review diff is weird: it seems it contains changes that aren't EINTR-related (see e.g. argparse.rst).
Here's a manually generated diff.

I added a few prints to the send and receive loops of _test_send. When running on a reasonably current Debian testing Linux:
./python Lib/test/eintrdata/eintr_tester.py
test_read (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_wait (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_wait3 (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_wait4 (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_waitpid (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_write (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_accept (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... ok
test_recv (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... ok
test_recvmsg (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... ok
test_send (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... len(data) = 50331651
 sent = 183360, written = 183360
 sent = 50148291, written = 50331651
 chunk = 50331651, total read = 50331651
ok
test_sendall (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... len(data) = 50331651
 chunk = 49323840, total read = 49323840
 sent = None, written = 50331651
 chunk = 1007811, total read = 50331651
ok
test_sendmsg (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... len(data) = 50331651
 sent = 183360, written = 183360
 sent = 50148291, written = 50331651
 chunk = 50331651, total read = 50331651
ok
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 12 tests in 10.139s
OK
When run on OS X (10.10.1):
test_read (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_wait (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_wait3 (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_wait4 (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_waitpid (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_write (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_accept (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... ok
test_recv (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... ok
test_recvmsg (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... ok
test_send (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... len(data) = 50331651
 sent = 8192, written = 8192
 chunk = 8192, total read = 8192
 chunk = 8192, total read = 16384
 sent = 16384, written = 24576
 chunk = 8192, total read = 24576
 chunk = 8192, total read = 32768
 chunk = 8192, total read = 40960
 chunk = 8192, total read = 49152
 sent = 32768, written = 57344
 chunk = 8192, total read = 57344
 chunk = 8192, total read = 65536
 chunk = 8192, total read = 73728
 chunk = 8192, total read = 81920
 chunk = 8192, total read = 90112
 sent = 40960, written = 98304
 chunk = 8192, total read = 98304
 chunk = 8192, total read = 106496
 chunk = 8192, total read = 114688
 chunk = 8192, total read = 122880
 sent = 32768, written = 131072
 chunk = 8192, total read = 131072
 chunk = 8192, total read = 139264
 chunk = 8192, total read = 147456
 chunk = 8192, total read = 155648
 chunk = 8192, total read = 163840
 sent = 40960, written = 172032
 chunk = 8192, total read = 172032
 chunk = 8192, total read = 180224
 chunk = 8192, total read = 188416
 chunk = 8192, total read = 196608
 sent = 32768, written = 204800
 chunk = 8192, total read = 204800
 chunk = 8192, total read = 212992
 chunk = 8192, total read = 221184
 chunk = 8192, total read = 229376
 chunk = 8192, total read = 237568
 sent = 40960, written = 245760
 chunk = 8192, total read = 245760
 chunk = 8192, total read = 253952
 chunk = 8192, total read = 262144
 chunk = 8192, total read = 270336
 sent = 32768, written = 278528
 chunk = 8192, total read = 278528
 chunk = 8192, total read = 286720
 chunk = 8192, total read = 294912
 chunk = 8192, total read = 303104
 chunk = 8192, total read = 311296
 sent = 40960, written = 319488
[... and so on]
When run standalone, the tests do eventually finish without error but take a *long* time to do so.

> I added a few prints to the send and receive loops of _test_send. When running on a reasonably current Debian testing Linux:
Thanks, that's what I was suspecting, but I really don't understand
why 200ms isn't enough for a socket write to actually do something:
maybe OS-X and *BSD schedulers are large timeslice...
Could you try by increasing signal_period to e.g. 0.5, and sleep_time to 1?

It turns out the times are not important; the hangup is the default size of the socket buffers on OS X and possibly BSD in general. In my case, the send and receive buffers are 8192, which explains why the chunks written are so small. I somewhat arbitrarily changed the sizes of the buffers in _test_send with:
rd.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_RCVBUF, support.SOCK_MAX_SIZE // 3)
wr.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_SNDBUF, support.SOCK_MAX_SIZE // 3)
The results were:
test_send (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... rd SO_RCVBUF default was 8192, wr SO_SNDBUF default was 8192
len(data) = 50331651
 sent = 5592405, written = 5592405
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 5592405
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 11184810
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 16777215
 sent = 16777215, written = 22369620
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 22369620
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 27962025
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 33554430
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 39146835
 sent = 22369620, written = 44739240
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 44739240
 sent = 5592411, written = 50331651
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 50331645
 chunk = 6, total read = 50331651
ok
test_sendall (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... rd SO_RCVBUF default was 8192, wr SO_SNDBUF default was 8192
len(data) = 50331651
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 5592405
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 11184810
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 16777215
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 22369620
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 27962025
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 33554430
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 39146835
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 44739240
 sent = None, written = 50331651
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 50331645
 chunk = 6, total read = 50331651
ok
test_sendmsg (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... rd SO_RCVBUF default was 8192, wr SO_SNDBUF default was 8192
len(data) = 50331651
 sent = 5592405, written = 5592405
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 5592405
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 11184810
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 16777215
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 22369620
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 27962025
 sent = 27962025, written = 33554430
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 33554430
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 39146835
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 44739240
 sent = 16777221, written = 50331651
 chunk = 5592405, total read = 50331645
 chunk = 6, total read = 50331651
ok
I dunno if a value that large will work in all environments, so the code to call setsockopt might need to be smarter.

> It turns out the times are not important; the hangup is the default size of the socket buffers on OS X and possibly BSD in general. In my case, the send and receive buffers are 8192, which explains why the chunks written are so small.
Hmmm...
Basically, with a much smaller socket buffer, we get much more context
switches, which increases drastically the test runtime.
But I must admit I'm still really surprised by the time it takes on
OS-X: with a SOCK_MAX_SIZE of 16MB and a socket buffer size of 8kb,
that's 2000 calls to send with context switches between the sender and
receiver - and thie overhead should be much less on a two core
machine.
I'll try to increase the socket buffer size and see what the buildbots
do: most of them will probably cap it at around 100k, but that'll
hopefully be enough.

> Charles-François Natali added the comment:
>
> Hmmm...
> Basically, with a much smaller socket buffer, we get much more context
> switches, which increases drastically the test runtime.
> But I must admit I'm still really surprised by the time it takes on
> OS-X: with a SOCK_MAX_SIZE of 16MB and a socket buffer size of 8kb,
> that's 2000 calls to send with context switches between the sender and
> receiver - and thie overhead should be much less on a two core
> machine.
OK, actually the receiver is completely CPU-bound, because of memory
allocation for the socket.recv() buffer I'll play with recv_into() and
profile a bit more.

OK, it turns out the culprit was repeated calls to BytesIO.getvalue(),
which forced large allocations upon reception of every message.
The patch attached fixes this (without changing the socket buffer size).

eintr-1.diff doesn't seem to make any significant difference from eintr.diff on my system. It's still pegging a CPU at 100% and takes 7 minutes wall time to complete.
$ time ./python ~/Projects/PyDev/active/dev/3x/source/Lib/test/eintrdata/eintr_tester.py
test_read (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_wait (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_wait3 (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_wait4 (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_waitpid (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_write (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_accept (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... ok
test_recv (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... ok
test_recvmsg (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... ok
test_send (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... ok
test_sendall (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... ok
test_sendmsg (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... ok
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 12 tests in 439.966s
OK
real	7m20.276s
user	5m7.575s
sys	2m9.846s

> eintr-1.diff doesn't seem to make any significant difference from eintr.diff on my system. It's still pegging a CPU at 100% and takes 7 minutes wall time to complete.
Alright, enough played: the patch attached uses a memoryview and
socket.recv_into() to remove all memory allocations: if this doesn't
fix your problem, I don't know what's going on...

With eintr-2.diff, fast!:
$ time ./python ~/Projects/PyDev/active/dev/3x/source/Lib/test/eintrdata/eintr_tester.py
test_read (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_wait (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_wait3 (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_wait4 (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_waitpid (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_write (__main__.OSEINTRTest) ... ok
test_accept (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... ok
test_recv (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... ok
test_recvmsg (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... ok
test_send (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... ok
test_sendall (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... ok
test_sendmsg (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... ok
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 12 tests in 7.652s
OK
real	0m7.959s
user	0m2.573s
sys	0m1.604s
Instrumented test_send, 3 socket.send calls, many socket.recv_into calls:
test_send (__main__.SocketEINTRTest) ... rd SO_RCVBUF default was 8192, wr SO_SNDBUF default was 8192
len(data) = 16777215
 
 sent = 8192, total written = 8192
 sent = 4440064, total written = 4448256
 sent = 12328959, total written = 16777215
 
 received = 8192, total read = 8192
 received = 8192, total read = 16384
 received = 8192, total read = 24576
 [...]
 received = 8192, total read = 16760832
 received = 8192, total read = 16769024
 received = 8191, total read = 16777215

> With eintr-2.diff, fast!:
Victory \°/.
> Instrumented test_send, 3 socket.send calls, many socket.recv_into calls:
Yep, that's expected.
I think we should keep the default socket buffer size: it increases
the test coverage, and it's probably not worth trying to increase it
to make the test a bit faster, especially since it spends so much time
sleeping.
Antoine, I'm now happy with the patch, so we'll be waiting for your
decision on the PEP with Victor :-).

Victor, do you think there's anything left to do?

I just realized I didn't retry upon EINTR for open(): eintr-4.diff
adds this, along with tests (using a fifo).
Also, I added comments explaining why we don't retry upon close() (see
e.g. http://lwn.net/Articles/576478/ and
http://linux.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/Kernel/2005-09/3000.html).

Charles-François Natali added the comment:
> I just realized I didn't retry upon EINTR for open(): eintr-4.diff
> adds this, along with tests (using a fifo).
>
> Also, I added comments explaining why we don't retry upon close() (see
> e.g. http://lwn.net/Articles/576478/ and
> http://linux.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/Kernel/2005-09/3000.html).
I didn't read these articles yet, but I will. IMO the PEP must be
updated if we don't retry in close(), since close() is used as an
example where "EINTR is unexpected"!

PEP is now updated.

Would it be possible to push the latest patch right now, and fix remaining issues (if there are known issues?), before Python 3.4 alpha 1? According to the PEP 478, the alpha 1 is scheduled for this sunday (February 8, 2015).

> Would it be possible to push the latest patch right now
It's ok for me. Please watch the buildbots :)

> Antoine Pitrou added the comment:
>
>> Would it be possible to push the latest patch right now
>
> It's ok for me. Please watch the buildbots :)
Cool, I'll push on Friday evening or Saturday.

New changeset 5b63010be19e by Charles-François Natali in branch 'default':
Issue #23285: PEP 475 -- Retry system calls failing with EINTR.
https://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/5b63010be19e 

New changeset 000bbdf0ea76 by Ned Deily in branch 'default':
Issue #23285: Install new test directory.
https://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/000bbdf0ea76 

The change on Modules/_io/fileio.c is wrong: functions may return None with an exception set. It is wrong because a function must return a result with no exception set, or NULL and an exception set.
Attached patch fixes this issue.

Note: I found the bug while working on a patch for #22181.
My test is this shell script:
$ while true; do ./python -c 'import os, signal; signal.setitimer(signal.ITIMER_REAL, 0.001, 0.0001); signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, lambda *args: print(".", end="")); print("urandom"); x=os.urandom(5000); print("ok"); signal.alarm(0)'; if [ $? -ne 142 -a $? -ne 0 ]; then break; fi done 
The test calls print() in a signal handler which can likely create a reentrant call, which is forbidden. But Python handles this case, it's fine.
After removing all debug prints and reverting the fix on fileio.c, the test doesn't crash with the assertion error anymore. Before, an assertion failed because fileio_write() returned Py_None with an exception set.

@Victor: please commit.
Would be nice to have a test for it;

> Would be nice to have a test for it;
There are already some tests on EINTR in test_file_eintr and test_subprocess (test_communicate_eintr()).

New changeset cad6eac598ec by Victor Stinner in branch 'default':
Issue #23285: Fix handling of EINTR in fileio.c
https://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/cad6eac598ec 

test_setitimer.patch: hack unittest.TestCase.run() to inject signals every 1 ms, send the first signal in 100 ms.
This patch helped me to find that socket.connect() doesn't handle EINTR yet: see issue #23618 "PEP 475: handle EINTR in the socket module".

For the record, it seems test_eintr sometimes left zombie processes in my machine where I run reference leak tests every night. I didn't investigate and just disabled the tests.

(I'll add that that machine is hosted on an OpenVZ-based VPS, so perhaps there are issues with the old patched kernel and whatnot?)

> For the record, it seems test_eintr sometimes left zombie processes in my machine where I run reference leak tests every night. I didn't investigate and just disabled the tests.
>
> (I'll add that that machine is hosted on an OpenVZ-based VPS, so perhaps there are issues with the old patched kernel and whatnot?)
On my Fedora 21 (on a physical PC, not virtualized), I ran "./python -m test -R 3:3: test_eintr" 3 times. After that, I didn't see any zombi Python process. If I cannot reproduce the issue, I cannot fix it. I bet that it's related to OpenVZ.
IMO this issue can be closed. It already has a long history. I prefer to open new issues. See the issue #23648 "PEP 475 meta issue" which lists all issues related to the PEP 475. I opened new issues for each module which didn't handle completly the PEP 475 yet.
By the way: great job Charles-François! I like your changeset, it works well.