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I've come across a difference from 3.2 to 3.3 while running the IPython test suite. It occurs when a directory on sys.path has been used for an import, then deleted without being removed from sys.path. Previous versions of Python ignore the nonexistent folder, but in 3.3 a FileNotFound error appears.
This might be by design (errors should never pass silently), but I haven't found it mentioned in the What's New for 3.3.
$ cat import.py
import sys, os, shutil
os.mkdir('foo')
with open('foo/bar.py', 'w'):
 pass
sys.path.insert(0, 'foo/')
import bar # Caches a FileFinder for foo/
shutil.rmtree('foo')
import random # Comes later on sys.path
$ python3.2 import.py
$ python3.3 import.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "import.py", line 8, in <module>
 import random
 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1162, in _find_and_load
 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1124, in _find_and_load_unlocked
 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1078, in _find_module
 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 927, in find_module
 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 973, in find_module
 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1005, in _fill_cache
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'foo/'
The last entry in that traceback is calling "_os.listdir(path)".

The caching mechanism is going to check for changes in the directory. So the recommendation is to clear the cache manually:
<quote>
 The default finders used by import now utilize a cache of what is contained
 within a specific directory. If you create a Python source file or sourceless
 bytecode file, make sure to call importlib.invalidate_caches() to clear out
 the cache for the finders to notice the new file.
</quote>
(see http://docs.python.org/dev/whatsnew/3.3.html#porting-python-code)
That section doesn't really talk about the directory side of things, but calling importlib.invalidate_caches() works great to eliminate the error in your example.

...rather, the error caused by your example. :)

New changeset bfd04bfb55c5 by Nick Coghlan in branch 'default':
Close #14846: Handle a sys.path entry going away
http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/bfd04bfb55c5