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For fun and profit. :)

> @@ -10330,26 +10899,34 @@ INITFUNC(void)
I know that it's only an increase of 5%, but I feel that posixmodule.c is already large enough.
Does this feature belongs to the os module?
Or is it time to split posixmodule.c in several pieces?

2011年7月29日 Amaury Forgeot d'Arc <report@bugs.python.org>:
>
> Amaury Forgeot d'Arc <amauryfa@gmail.com> added the comment:
>
>> @@ -10330,26 +10899,34 @@ INITFUNC(void)
> I know that it's only an increase of 5%, but I feel that posixmodule.c is already large enough.
> Does this feature belongs to the os module?
> Or is it time to split posixmodule.c in several pieces?
I completely agree with you, but that's a separate issue.

Haven't reviewed the implementation, but +1 for adding this functionality.
As for splitting apart posixmodule.c, I agree that's a separate concern. Something like the _io module splitup (several C files compiled in a single extension module) looks workable.
We could also consider having a separate module for this, but I can't think of any good name. "sched" is AFAIK already taken, and "scheduler" is too close to the former not to be confusing.

I'm +0.
It would certainly be fun, but I'm not so sure about the "profit" part.
The main usage of the scheduler API is for real-time policies, and I
somehow doubt Python is commonly used in this area (but I could be
wrong).
Furthermore, the same functionality can be easily achieved with
schedtool/taskset.
Concerning the patch, I think that several constants ought to be
guarded by #ifdef's: only SCHED_(OTHER|FIFO|RR) are required by POSIX:
the other are Linux-specific (also, SCHED_BATCH, SCHED_IDLE and
SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK are only defined in recent Linux kernels, older
libcs probably don't define them).

I actually implemented this because I wanted to confine a Python process to a cpu to prevent keep it from being tossed from core to core. It made sense to bring the other scheduling functions along for the ride.

> I actually implemented this because I wanted to confine a Python process to a cpu to prevent keep it from being tossed from core to core. It made sense to bring the other scheduling functions along for the ride.
Why didn't you use something like:
$ taskset <cpu mask> python myscript.py
By the way, binding a multi-threaded Python process to a single core
is often a simple way to improve performance, because with the GIL the
threads are actually serialized, so you have almost no contention, and
your threads get hot cache.

2011年7月30日 Charles-François Natali <report@bugs.python.org>:
>
> Charles-François Natali <neologix@free.fr> added the comment:
>
>> I actually implemented this because I wanted to confine a Python process to a cpu to prevent keep it from being tossed from core to core. It made sense to bring the other scheduling functions along for the ride.
>
> Why didn't you use something like:
>
> $ taskset <cpu mask> python myscript.py
Because I didn't want to type that every time I ran the script.
>
> By the way, binding a multi-threaded Python process to a single core
> is often a simple way to improve performance, because with the GIL the
> threads are actually serialized, so you have almost no contention, and
> your threads get hot cache.
Indeed, that's what I was doing.

New changeset 89e92e684b37 by Benjamin Peterson in branch 'default':
expose sched.h functions (closes #12655)
http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/89e92e684b37 

Please also expose sched_getcpu().

I'm sorry, I missed this issue. I just saw its API and I have remarks on the cpu_set type:
 * Why not reusing the set type for input parameters and the result of sched_getaffinity?
 * Method names of cpu_set are very different than names of the set type
 * Why do I need to specify the number of CPU?
signal.pthread_sigmask() accepts any iterable object as input, convert it to a sigset_t. For the result, it converts the new sigset_t to a classic Python set object.
Is it possible to get the number of CPU to be able to convert a Python set to a cpu_set?

> Is it possible to get the number of CPU to be able to convert a Python 
> set to a cpu_set?
sched_getaffinity returns EINVAL if the cpu_set is too small, so it should be easy enough to iterate.
I agree the API should be changed for something saner, and before 3.3. Sorry for not looking at the patch in more detail when it was first submitted. I will try to cook up a new patch this week-end.

Using a Python set is fine.

Here is a patch removing cpu_set and using sets of integers instead.

sched_getaffinity() does not fail if the set is smaller than the
number of CPU. Try with an initial value of ncpus=1. So we cannot
start the heuristic with ncpus=16, because it would only return 16
even if the computer has more cpus.
Instead of this heuristic, why not simply alway using ncpus = CPU_SETSIZE?
I don't know if CPU_SETSIZE is part of the standard (POSIX?).
You may also use a constant size (CPU_SETSIZE) of the set used by
sched_setaffinity() to simplify the code.

> Try with an initial value of ncpus=1.
Well, I've tried and it works:
>>> os.sched_getaffinity(0)
{0, 1, 2, 3}
> I don't know if CPU_SETSIZE is part of the standard (POSIX?).
These are Linux-specific functions.

>> Try with an initial value of ncpus=1.
> Well, I've tried and it works:
Oh, you're right :-) I only checked ncpus (1), not the final result.
It works because CPU_ALLOC_SIZE() rounds the size using
sizeof(unsigned long) (64 bits on my CPU). So CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(1)
returns 8, and sched_getaffinity() takes the size of the set in bytes,
and not the number of CPU.
sched_getaffinity(0) returns {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} with ncpus=1 and
setsize=8.

+1 for Antoine's patch/approach: it's more usable and pythonic.
I think documentation should mention and link the existence of:
http://docs.python.org/library/multiprocessing.html#multiprocessing.cpu_count 

> You may also use a constant size (CPU_SETSIZE) of the set used by
sched_setaffinity() to simplify the code.
As Antoine pointed out to me (and I was convinced itself, experimented with an example from man:CPU_SET(3)) the cpu_set functions work with a sets of more than CPU_SETSIZE processors.

New changeset d6745ddbccbd by Antoine Pitrou in branch 'default':
Issue #12655: Instead of requiring a custom type, os.sched_getaffinity and
http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/d6745ddbccbd 

Ok, I've improved the default ncpus value and committed.

New changeset fb975cb8fb45 by Victor Stinner in branch 'default':
Issue #12655: Mention multiprocessing.cpu_count() in os.sched_getaffinity() doc
http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/fb975cb8fb45