The Broken Covenant
1 This is the word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD: 2 “Listen to the words of this covenant and tell them to the men of Judah and the residents of Jerusalem. 3 You must tell them that this is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: Cursed is the man who does not obey the words of this covenant, 4 which I commanded your forefathers when I brought them out of the land of Egypt, out of the iron furnace, saying, ‘Obey Me, and do everything I command you, and you will be My people, and I will be your God.’ 5 This was in order to establish the oath I swore to your forefathers, to give them a land flowing with milk and honey, as it is to this day.”
6 Then the LORD said to me, “Proclaim all these words in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem, saying: Hear the words of this covenant and carry them out. 7 For from the time I brought your fathers out of the land of Egypt until today, I strongly warned them again and again,a saying, ‘Obey My voice.’ 8 Yet they would not obey or incline their ears, but each one followed the stubbornness of his evil heart. So I brought on them all the curses of this covenant I had commanded them to follow but they did not keep.”
9 And the LORD told me, “There is a conspiracy among the men of Judah and the residents of Jerusalem. 10 They have returned to the sins of their forefathers who refused to obey My words. They have followed other gods to serve them. The house of Israel and the house of Judah have broken the covenant I made with their fathers.
11 Therefore this is what the LORD says: ‘I am about to bring upon them a disaster that they cannot escape. They will cry out to Me, but I will not listen to them. 12 Then the cities of Judah and the residents of Jerusalem will go and cry out to the gods to which they have been burning incense, but these gods certainly will not save them in their time of disaster. 13 Your gods are indeed as numerous as your cities, O Judah; the altars of shame you have set up—the altars to burn incense to Baal—are as many as the streets of Jerusalem.’
14 As for you, do not pray for these people. Do not raise up a cry or a prayer on their behalf, for I will not be listening when they call out to Me in their time of disaster.
15 What right has My beloved in My house,
having carried out so many evil schemes?
Can consecrated meat avert your doom? When you are wicked,
16 The LORD once called you a flourishing olive tree,
beautiful with well-formed fruit.
But with a mighty roar He will set it on fire,
and its branches will be consumed.
17 The LORD of Hosts, who planted you, has decreed disaster against you on account of the evil that the house of Israel and the house of Judah have brought upon themselves, provoking Me to anger by burning incense to Baal.”
A Plot against Jeremiah
(Jeremiah 18:18–23)
18 And the LORD informed me, so I knew.
Then You showed me their deeds.
19 For I was like a gentle lamb led to slaughter;
I did not know that they had plotted against me:
“Let us destroy the tree with its fruit;
let us cut him off from the land of the living,
that his name may be remembered no more.”
20 O LORD of Hosts, who judges righteously,
who examines the heartb and mind,
let me see Your vengeance upon them,
for to You I have committed my cause.
21 Therefore this is what the LORD says concerning the people of Anathoth who are seeking your life and saying, “You must not prophesy in the name of the LORD, or you will die by our hand.” 22 So this is what the LORD of Hosts says: “I will punish them. Their young men will die by the sword, their sons and daughters by famine. 23 There will be no remnant, for I will bring disaster on the people of Anathoth in the year of their punishment.”
Verses 1–5 – The Rediscovered Covenant
Jeremiah receives a fresh word from the LORD: remind Judah of the covenant sworn “the day I brought them out of the land of Egypt, out of the iron furnace.” The ancient formula rings out: “Cursed is the man who does not obey the words of this covenant” (Jeremiah 11:3). The prophet rehearses the blessings for obedience and the oath the fathers once took—“So I answered, ‘Amen, LORD’” (v. 5)—underscoring that God still stands ready to fulfill His promise to give “a land flowing with milk and honey.”
Verses 6–8 – A Loud Warning on Obedience
The LORD tells Jeremiah to proclaim these words “in the streets of Jerusalem and in the towns of Judah.” Past generations stubbornly refused to listen; every curse written in the covenant came to pass (cf. Deuteronomy 28). Despite repeated warnings, “they did not obey or incline their ear” (v. 8).
Verses 9–13 – A Conspiracy of Idolatry
God exposes a dark plot: “A conspiracy exists among the men of Judah and the residents of Jerusalem” (v. 9). They have returned to the sins of their ancestors, running after other gods. Altars to Baal now dot the landscape “as numerous as the streets of Jerusalem” (v. 13). Because they have broken the covenant, calamity is certain.
Verses 14–17 – No More Intercession
The LORD bars Jeremiah from praying for the people: “I will not hear them when they call to Me in their time of trouble” (v. 14). Once pictured as a flourishing olive tree (v. 16), Judah will be consumed by fire. The house that bore His name has “plotted evil against the LORD” (v. 17).
Verses 18–23 – Plot Against the Prophet
God reveals a personal threat: men from Jeremiah’s hometown, Anathoth, scheme to silence him—“Do not prophesy in the name of the LORD, or you will die by our hand” (v. 21). The prophet entrusts his cause to the righteous Judge (v. 20). The LORD promises that the plotters will fall by the sword and famine; none will remain (v. 22–23).
Historical Background: Covenant Roots in Deuteronomy
• Jeremiah 11 echoes Deuteronomy 27–30, where blessings and curses are laid out at the close of Israel’s wilderness journey.
• Many scholars link this sermon to the reforms of King Josiah (2 Kings 22–23). Around 622 BC the “Book of the Law” was found in the temple, prompting renewed covenant vows. Jeremiah, a young priest-prophet at the time, likely witnessed the enthusiastic but shallow response. By chapter 11, the nation’s early zeal has cooled, and the prophet must remind them of their vows.
• The expression “iron furnace” (Jeremiah 11:4) recalls Egypt’s oppressive kilnwork (Deuteronomy 4:20), stressing God’s rescuing power and His right to command loyalty.
Archaeology: Covenant Documents and City Gates
• Ancient Near Eastern “suzerain–vassal treaties” follow the same pattern found here: historical prologue, stipulations, blessings, curses. Hittite tablets and Assyrian records show the form.
• Clay bullae stamped “Belonging to Gemariah son of Shaphan” (unearthed in Jerusalem) and “Baruch son of Neriah” (Jeremiah’s scribe) provide tangible links to the book’s era.
• Ostraca from Lachish mention “watchfires” and turmoil during Babylon’s approach, matching Jeremiah’s warnings (Jeremiah 34:7).
• Covenant copies were often stored at city gates or sanctuaries; Jeremiah stands at those very gates, reciting covenant terms (Jeremiah 11:6; Jeremiah 17:19).
Literary Flow of Jeremiah 11 within the Book
1. Chapters 1–10 present Judah’s general sins and coming judgment.
2. Chapter 11 pivots to the specific charge of covenant breach, setting the legal basis for the impending exile.
3. The storyline narrows from national apostasy to personal persecution, preparing readers for Jeremiah’s “confessions” (Jeremiah 12; 15; 20).
4. The chapter’s closing threat to Anathoth shows judgment begins “at the house of God” (1 Peter 4:17).
Key Themes: Covenant Loyalty and Personal Responsibility
• God’s faithfulness: He still offers the land promise (v. 5).
• Human choice: blessings or curses hinge on obedience (Deuteronomy 30:19).
• Limits of intercession: even a righteous prophet cannot override entrenched rebellion (cf. 1 Samuel 15:35; 1 John 5:16).
• Persecution of truth-tellers: Jesus later notes, “No prophet is accepted in his hometown” (Luke 4:24), echoing Jeremiah’s experience.
Portrait of Jeremiah: Prophet in Peril
• From Anathoth, a priestly village (Joshua 21:18), Jeremiah faces betrayal by kin and colleagues—mirroring Christ’s rejection by His own (John 1:11).
• The prophet’s honest prayer (Jeremiah 11:20) reveals he feels no need to hide his emotions from God.
• God’s answer (v. 22–23) assures divine justice, yet Jeremiah never gloats; he simply reports the verdict.
Connections to Other Scriptures
• Exodus 19:5 – covenant offered at Sinai; Jeremiah recalls it.
• Hosea 8:1 – “They have broken My covenant.” Similar accusation.
• Psalm 52:8 – the righteous are “like a green olive tree,” a metaphor Judah forfeits (Jeremiah 11:16).
• Matthew 21:33-46 – parable of the tenants, warning to a nation that rejects God’s messengers.
• John 15:6 – branches thrown into the fire if they do not abide; parallels the cut-down olive tree.
Practical Application for Today
• Words and rituals mean little without heart obedience. Judah said “Amen” yet quickly returned to idols.
• God still hears earnest intercession, but obstinate rebellion eventually seals its own fate.
• Standing for truth can bring opposition from unexpected quarters—family, hometown, religious peers.
• The covenant rhythm—rescue, relationship, responsibility—remains God’s pattern. Believers enjoy deliverance through Christ, yet the call to faithful living endures (John 14:15).
1. The Importance of Covenant Faithfulness
In Jeremiah 11, we are reminded of the significance of staying true to our covenant with God. The chapter opens with a call to "hear the words of this covenant and speak to the men of Judah and the residents of Jerusalem" (Jeremiah 11:2). This serves as a powerful reminder that our relationship with God is not just a one-time commitment but a continual journey of faithfulness and obedience. Just as the Israelites were called to uphold their covenant, we too are encouraged to live out our faith daily, honoring God in all we do.
2. The Consequences of Disobedience
Jeremiah 11 vividly illustrates the consequences of turning away from God. The Lord warns, "Cursed is the man who does not obey the words of this covenant" (Jeremiah 11:3). This is a sobering reminder that our choices have real consequences. When we stray from God's path, we not only distance ourselves from His blessings but also invite challenges and hardships. Let this be a motivation to remain steadfast in our walk with Him.
3. The Call to Listen and Act
Listening is not enough; action is required. God says, "Obey My voice, and do according to all that I command you" (Jeremiah 11:4). This lesson emphasizes the importance of not just hearing God's Word but actively living it out. Our faith is demonstrated through our actions, and by aligning our lives with His commands, we reflect His love and truth to the world.
4. The Power of Prayer
Jeremiah's dialogue with God in this chapter highlights the power and necessity of prayer. Despite the people's rebellion, Jeremiah continues to intercede for them. This teaches us that prayer is a vital tool in our spiritual arsenal, allowing us to communicate with God, seek His guidance, and intercede for others. Never underestimate the impact of a heartfelt prayer.
5. The Reality of Spiritual Warfare
Jeremiah 11 reveals the spiritual battles we face. The prophet encounters opposition and threats from those who reject God's message. This reminds us that standing for truth often invites resistance. However, we are encouraged to "put on the full armor of God" (Ephesians 6:11) and remain vigilant, knowing that God is our protector and defender.
6. The Assurance of God's Justice
God assures Jeremiah that He will bring justice to those who plot against him, saying, "I will punish them" (Jeremiah 11:22). This reassures us that God sees all and will ultimately right the wrongs. We can trust in His perfect justice, even when it seems delayed, knowing that He is in control and will act in His perfect timing.
7. The Necessity of Repentance
The chapter underscores the need for genuine repentance. God desires a heart that turns back to Him, acknowledging wrongdoing and seeking forgiveness. "Return, faithless people," He calls (Jeremiah 3:14). Repentance is not just about feeling sorry but involves a transformative change of heart and direction, leading us back to God's loving embrace.
8. The Role of Prophets and Messengers
Jeremiah's role as a prophet highlights the importance of those who speak God's truth. Prophets are called to deliver messages that may be unpopular but are necessary for spiritual growth and correction. This encourages us to value and heed the voices of those who faithfully proclaim God's Word, guiding us toward righteousness.
9. The Promise of Restoration
Despite the warnings, God offers hope for restoration. He desires to "establish the oath that I swore to your fathers" (Jeremiah 11:5). This promise of restoration is a testament to God's unfailing love and mercy. No matter how far we stray, He is always ready to welcome us back and restore us to a right relationship with Him.
10. The Unchanging Nature of God
Finally, Jeremiah 11 reminds us of God's unchanging nature. His character and promises remain constant, providing a firm foundation for our faith. "I am the LORD, I do not change" (Malachi 3:6). In a world of uncertainty, we can find peace and assurance in the steadfastness of our Creator, who is the same yesterday, today, and forever.
Seek Repentance
Pray for a heart that is quick to repent and turn back to God when you stray from His path.
Courage to Proclaim
Pray for the courage to share God's truth with others, even when it is unpopular or met with resistance.
Softened Hearts
Ask God to soften the hearts of those who are resistant to His message, that they may turn to Him and experience His grace and mercy.
1. Reflect on the covenant between God and the Israelites. What similarities do you see between this covenant and your personal relationship with God?
2. Why do you think the people of Judah and Jerusalem turned back to idolatry despite God's warnings?
3. How can the broken covenant in Jeremiah 11 relate to modern broken promises or agreements?
4. What consequences do you perceive in your life when you don't uphold your commitments?
5. How does Jeremiah's role as a prophet reflect God's desire to communicate with His people?
6. What do the repeated failures and disobedience of the people teach about human nature and the need for divine guidance?
7. Can you identify instances in your life where you've felt God's anger or consequences due to disobedience? How did you react?
8. What does the reaction of God towards the prayers of the disobedient people tell you about the nature of divine justice?
9. How can the people's reliance on false gods be compared to modern-day dependencies or addictions?
10. How do you respond when you see others around you breaking their covenant with God?
11. Despite his life being threatened, Jeremiah remains faithful. How does this inspire your personal faith in times of adversity?
12. How would you handle a situation where your message of truth was met with hostility, similar to Jeremiah's experience?
13. How do you perceive God's assurance of protection and justice in the face of Jeremiah's predicament?
14. Can you think of a time when you felt reassured by God's protection in a difficult situation?
15. How can Jeremiah's faith serve as a model for your life in both good times and challenging times?
16. What do you think the consequences would be for a society that doesn't honor its commitments, much like the people of Judah and Jerusalem?
17. What strategies can you employ to remain obedient to God's commandments in a world filled with distractions and temptations?
18. How can you ensure that you listen and act upon God's warnings in your own life?
19. How does the chapter's theme of disobedience and consequences resonate with you personally?
20. How can you encourage others to maintain their covenant with God, drawing upon the lessons from Jeremiah 11?