How to call multiple delayed functions using a single millis()

Question

I am working in a project where I need to call more than 1 functions actually 4 functions using a single millis()

Here is the code below.

 unsigned long then = 0;
 void loop(){
 
 unsigned long now = millis();
 if(now-then >=0){
 
 
 Serial.println("Function 1 called");
 
 
 }else if(now-then>=2000){
 
 
 Serial.println("Function 2 called");
 
 
 }else if(now-then>=4000){
 
 
 Serial.println("Function 3 called");
 
 
 }else if(now-then>=6000){
 
 Serial.println("Function 4 called");
 
 Serial.println("The end");
 
 then = now;
 }
 }

All the functions above gets run successfully but not in a proper sequence.

The running sequence of the functions seem to be very improper and random.

The 'function 1' gets executed in a proper sequence and timing but rest of the others are making a messy output.

How can I fix it please?

Thanks.

• chrisl: How do you want the functions to be called in order? Like "1,2,3,4 ... 1,2,3,4" or like "1...1,2...1,2,3...1,2,3,4...1...1,2..."?
• Subha Jeet Sikdar: Like '1234' order
• Juraj: why with else? why only one then?

Answer 1

The current structure with multiple if statements and on timestamp variable does only work, if you also check for millis()-then being smaller than the next interval. Otherwise the first if statement will always be executed.

I think it gets easier, when you use only one if statement, but put the intervals in an array. In that if statement you can either use a switch statement to execute the code for the corresponding interval, or use a function pointer. Somewhat like this (untested):

unsigned long then = 0;
unsigned long intervals[4] = {0, 2000, 4000, 6000};
int current_interval_index = 0;
...
void loop(){
 unsigned long now = millis();
 if(now-then >= intervals[current_interval_index]){
 switch(current_interval_index){
 case 0:
 Serial.println("Function 1");
 break;
 case 1:
 Serial.println("Function 2");
 break;
 case 2:
 Serial.println("Function 3");
 break;
 case 3:
 Serial.println("Function 4");
 break;
 }
 then = now;
 current_interval_index = (current_interval_index + 1) % 4; // increment index and wrap it back to zero, if it goes to 4 
 }
}

That way you can easily extent for more functions and the intervals are conveniently managed in an array. Note, that the intervals add up here. So function 4 executes after 2s+3s+6s = 11s.

• SoreDakeNoKoto: Nah, my bad, missed the scope of the index update.

Answer 2

your else in that set of if's is causing only a single if to be possible to be true at any one time, and once the now-then line up, only the first one in the line-up will ever execute. remove the else from your if block. treat each if as its own thing. i.e.

if(now-then >=0) { /* do thing 1*/ }
if(now-then >=1000) { /* do thing 2*/ }
if(now-then >=2000) { /* do thing 3*/ }
if(now-then >=3000) { /* do thing 4*/ }

that way, even if the conditions line up, all the blocks will be checked, and all the if's that resolve true, will execute.

• jsotola: your code will result in sequence 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4
• Sim Son: You need a stamp for every thing x because you'll have to reset each of them to the current millis when the thing gets executed.