Atmega328p Uploads via ISP but not bootloader

Question

I'm trying to upload a bootloader to my atmega328p on a custom pcb containing external oscillator at 16MHz. It is possible to upload program via ICSP pins using Arduino as ISP (Official Arduino Uno) but not possible to upload a bootloader. This pcb needs bootloader as it will be used via FT232RL interface.

I've tried to upload bootloader at 115200 baud rate but that did not read any device signature. Also exact definition of my IC is "ATMEGA328P-AU TQFP-32 8-bit 20MHz", if it helps.

P.S That exact definition says it is 20MHz but I suspect that's correct as I don't entirely trust that shop.

Thanks in advance

Upload log

Sketch uses 1626 bytes (5%) of program storage space. Maximum is 32256 bytes.
Global variables use 192 bytes (9%) of dynamic memory, leaving 1856 bytes for local variables. Maximum is 2048 bytes.
/Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Java/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avrdude -C/Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Java/hardware/tools/avr/etc/avrdude.conf -v -patmega328p -carduino -P/dev/cu.usbmodem14101 -b115200 -D -Uflash:w:/var/folders/9z/8cpdsm0518x0b85yx7n4y_0c0000gn/T/arduino_build_452635/sketch_dec06a.ino.hex:i 
avrdude: Version 6.3-20190619
 Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Brian Dean, http://www.bdmicro.com/
 Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Joerg Wunsch
 System wide configuration file is "/Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Java/hardware/tools/avr/etc/avrdude.conf"
 User configuration file is "/Users/deniz/.avrduderc"
 User configuration file does not exist or is not a regular file, skipping
 Using Port : /dev/cu.usbmodem14101
 Using Programmer : arduino
 Overriding Baud Rate : 115200
 AVR Part : ATmega328P
 Chip Erase delay : 9000 us
 PAGEL : PD7
 BS2 : PC2
 RESET disposition : dedicated
 RETRY pulse : SCK
 serial program mode : yes
 parallel program mode : yes
 Timeout : 200
 StabDelay : 100
 CmdexeDelay : 25
 SyncLoops : 32
 ByteDelay : 0
 PollIndex : 3
 PollValue : 0x53
 Memory Detail :
 Block Poll Page Polled
 Memory Type Mode Delay Size Indx Paged Size Size #Pages MinW MaxW ReadBack
 ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
 eeprom 65 20 4 0 no 1024 4 0 3600 3600 0xff 0xff
 flash 65 6 128 0 yes 32768 128 256 4500 4500 0xff 0xff
 lfuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
 hfuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
 efuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
 lock 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
 calibration 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00
 signature 0 0 0 0 no 3 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00
 Programmer Type : Arduino
 Description : Arduino
 Hardware Version: 3
 Firmware Version: 4.4
 Vtarget : 0.3 V
 Varef : 0.3 V
 Oscillator : 28.800 kHz
 SCK period : 3.3 us
avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s
avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e950f (probably m328p)
avrdude: reading input file "/var/folders/9z/8cpdsm0518x0b85yx7n4y_0c0000gn/T/arduino_build_452635/sketch_dec06a.ino.hex"
avrdude: writing flash (1626 bytes):
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.27s
avrdude: 1626 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against /var/folders/9z/8cpdsm0518x0b85yx7n4y_0c0000gn/T/arduino_build_452635/sketch_dec06a.ino.hex:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file /var/folders/9z/8cpdsm0518x0b85yx7n4y_0c0000gn/T/arduino_build_452635/sketch_dec06a.ino.hex:
avrdude: input file /var/folders/9z/8cpdsm0518x0b85yx7n4y_0c0000gn/T/arduino_build_452635/sketch_dec06a.ino.hex contains 1626 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.21s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 1626 bytes of flash verified
avrdude done. Thank you.

Bootloader log (P.S. all sync attempts happen at the same time)

/Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Java/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avrdude -C/Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Java/hardware/tools/avr/etc/avrdude.conf -v -patmega328p -cstk500v1 -P/dev/cu.usbmodem14101 -b19200 -e -Ulock:w:0x3F:m -Uefuse:w:0xFD:m -Uhfuse:w:0xDE:m -Ulfuse:w:0xFF:m
avrdude: Version 6.3-20190619
 Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Brian Dean, http://www.bdmicro.com/
 Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Joerg Wunsch
 System wide configuration file is "/Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Java/hardware/tools/avr/etc/avrdude.conf"
 User configuration file is "/Users/deniz/.avrduderc"
 User configuration file does not exist or is not a regular file, skipping
 Using Port : /dev/cu.usbmodem14101
 Using Programmer : stk500v1
 Overriding Baud Rate : 19200
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 1 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x60
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 2 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x66
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 3 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x78
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 4 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x1e
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 5 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x06
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 6 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x7e
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 7 of 10: not in sync: resp=0xe6
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 8 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x80
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 9 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x98
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 10 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x80
avrdude done. Thank you.

• KIIV: Have you tried to "Burn Bootloader"? Because by default it uploads compiled sketch without bootloader (it can be changed in board settings to use hex file with bootloader too).
• Deniz da King: That output is from Burn Bootloader button specified in Arduino IDE. So is it possible to upload bootloader and sketch at the same time?
• KIIV: In the build direcotry there'll be another hex file like this: sketch_dec06a.ino.with_bootloader.hex (however can't remember where it should be set exactly)
• Deniz da King: Yep I found it. I'll be trying that one. Also will there be a problem with flashing sketch with bootloader without redefining fuse-bits?
• KIIV: And are you sure the first is really working? The programmer = arduino is usually bootloader. You should see that stk500v1 too if you are using "Upload Using Programmer" (programmer must be set to Arduino as ISP). Maybe you've just uploaded it directly into the arduino that should be an programmer instead (and removed that ArduinoISP sketch from it)

Answer 1

The first issue might be in Upload log. There is mentioned programmer = arduino (in version before edit). That means you might be uploading code into the wrong Arduino. So there is no ArduinoISP sketch and it won't work (getsync() errors)

Check if the upload is working between two arduinos, that should opted out wrong wiring on the programmer side and so on.

And as it's self made board, there might be some issues with wiring, omitting bypass capacitors (as it turned out in chat discussion - it was the main issue)