Arduino - fuse setting problem on ATmega328P-PU

Question

I am trying to do fuse setting on ATmega328P-PU chips using an avr programmer.

I was successfully able to do fuse setting on 3 ATmega328P-PU chips (which I bought from one of the sites - I forgot). So I bought three more from Amazon.

When I execute avrdude -c usbasp -p m328p on the previous 3 chips, I got this response, and was able to do fuse setting.

avrdude: warning: cannot set sck period. please check for usbasp firmware update. avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e950f (probably m328p)

avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (E:FF, H:D9, L:E2)

avrdude done. Thank you.

But when I execute the same command on the 3 chips I recently bought, I am getting this.

avrdude -c usbasp -p m328p
avrdude: warning: cannot set sck period. please check for usbasp firmware update.
avrdude: error: program enable: target doesn't answer. 1 
avrdude: initialization failed, rc=-1
 Double check connections and try again, or use -F to override
 this check.
avrdude done. Thank you.

I triple-checked the wiring and soldering area. They all look fine.

Is this because the 3 chips I recently bought have a bootloader?

The description for the chip that works is here.

enter image description here

• per1234: These chips have been configured for a 16 MHz external oscillator. Are you providing an external clock source on your board?
• user826323: No. there is no external clock on the board.

Answer 1

The chips configured with a bootloader would also have the fuses set for an external clock (the factory default is the on-chip oscillator). Without an external clock they won't work.

I have a sketch that uploads files that also can provide an external clock for this eventuality.

As mentioned on that page an 8 MHz clock is provided on pin D8 of the programming board, so you can connect to D8 on the Uno which you are running the sketch on to pin 9 on the actual Atmega328P chip.

Alternatively find a 16 MHz crystal or resonator and connect that between pins 9 and 10 of your Atmega328P which will provide the clock that it is expecting. If you use a crystal you should also run 22 pF capacitors between each leg and ground, like in this image:

Atmega328 with crystal