Making an automated watering system with Arduino

Question

I am trying to make an automated watering system using an Arduino.

Here is my wiring diagram: Wiring Diagram And here is my circuit wired up: Photo of wired circuit

Here is the code that I'm using with Arduino. The code seems alright and the wiring on the Arduino seems okay as well, but I don't know where to place a speaker on the Arduino. The biggest problem is that the program doesn't run like I coded. After I uploaded this code to Arduino, the water pump just keeps running forever. Can anyone check up my code to make this run properly?

/**automated watering program **/
#include <avr/sleep.h>
#include <avr/wdt.h>
#define BEAT 300 // define time for the tone.
#define PINNO 12
int led = 13;
void setup() {
 // setup code to run once:
 pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
 // main code here, to run repeatedly:
 tone(PINNO,262,BEAT); // C(do)
 delay(BEAT);
 tone(PINNO,294,BEAT); // D(re)
 delay(BEAT);
 tone(PINNO,330,BEAT); // E(mi)
 delay(BEAT);
 tone(PINNO,262,BEAT); // C (do)
 delay(BEAT);
 tone(PINNO,294,BEAT); // D(re)
 delay(BEAT);
 tone(PINNO,330,BEAT); // E(mi)
 delay(BEAT);
 tone(PINNO,392,BEAT); // G(so)
 delay(BEAT);
 tone(PINNO,330,BEAT); // E(mi)
 delay(BEAT);
 tone(PINNO,294,BEAT); // D(re)
 delay(BEAT);
 tone(PINNO,262,BEAT); // C(do)
 delay(BEAT);
 tone(PINNO,294,BEAT); // D(re)
 delay(BEAT);
 tone(PINNO,330,BEAT); // E(mi)
 delay(BEAT);
 tone(PINNO,294,BEAT); // D(re)
 delay(BEAT);
 delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second
 digitalWrite(led,HIGH); //Make No. 11pin output HIGH = 5V
 delay(500); // Watering time
 digitalWrite(led,LOW); //Make No.11 pin output LOW = 0V
 // Shut down program to save battery using by watchdogtimer 24h standby mode
 int var = 0;
 while(var < 10800) {
 delayWDT(9); // 9seconds of shutdown
 var++; // 10800times repeat =24h
 }
}
void delayWDT(unsigned long t) {
 // delay excute while using powerdown mode
 delayWDT_setup(t); // watchdog timer setting
 ADCSRA &= ~(1 << ADEN); // ADEN bit clear and stop ADC
 set_sleep_mode(SLEEP_MODE_PWR_DOWN); // Powerdow mode
 sleep_enable();
 sleep_mode(); // sleep mode
 sleep_disable(); // WatchDog Timer times up and start working again
 ADCSRA |= (1 << ADEN); // turn on the ADC
}
void delayWDT_setup(unsigned int ii) {
 // setting up timer
 // 0=16ms, 1=32ms, 2=64ms, 3=128ms, 4=250ms, 5=500ms
 // 6=1sec, 7=2sec, 8=4sec, 9=8sec
 byte bb;
 if (ii > 9 ) {
 // get rid of strange numbers
 ii = 9;
 }
 bb =ii & 7;
 if (ii > 7) {
 bb |= (1 << 5);
 }
 bb |= ( 1 << WDCE );
 MCUSR &= ~(1 << WDRF); // MCU Status Reg. Watchdog Reset Flag ->0
 // start timed sequence
 WDTCSR |= (1 << WDCE) | (1<<WDE); // allow to edit watchdog
 // set new watchdog timeout value
 WDTCSR = bb;
 WDTCSR |= _BV(WDIE);
}
ISR(WDT_vect) {
 // the work after time up, WDT
 // wdt_cycle++;
}

• Majenko: Maybe if you try controlling pin 11, where the pump is connected, and not pin 13, it may help. Also I can't understand your wiring there (but it looks wrong - there are components missing). Please provide a schematic (which you can do using the schematic editor available when you edit your question).
• Majenko: As for where to place a speaker - how about pin 12, like you have already decided in your code?
• James: Thank you, I uploaded a diagram i wire them exactly like the diagram.
• Majenko: What model transistor is that?
• James: it says BC5478, It came with Arduino Starter Kit.

Answer 1

Problems with your setup:

• Your pump is connected to pin 11 but you are controlling pin 13 (int led = 13;)
• You have an LED in line with your transistor base. That should be a resistor, and the LED should be in parallel with the base (with its own resistor).
• Your transistor is wired wrong. According to the datasheet the pins are C-B-E as viewed from the angle in your wiring diagram. You have the Arduino connected to E instead of B, the pump connected to B instead of C, and ground connected to C instead of E.
• You don't have a flyback diode across the motor.

schematic

^{simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab}

• James: Why does it need the resistors ??
• James: i tired this but didnt work
• James: this time, speaker worked but the pump didnt work