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A complete, folder-based guide to the Python language, from basics to advanced concepts, explained through clear, runnable code examples.

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blshaer/python-by-example

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Python by Example

Python by Example

A practical, example-driven Python repository designed to help you learn Python from fundamentals to advanced concepts through clear, runnable code.

Each file is self-contained and focuses on a single concept, making the repository suitable for structured learning, revision, or reference.


Table of Contents


Overview

This repository contains a complete Python tutorial designed for both beginners and experienced developers looking to refresh their knowledge. Each topic is organized in separate folders with practical, runnable examples.

Key Features:

  • Self-contained files — Each file can be run independently
  • Comprehensive comments — Detailed explanations for every concept
  • Practical examples — Real-world use cases and patterns
  • Progressive difficulty — From basics to advanced topics

Topics Covered

01. Basics

File Topic Description
01_print.py Print Function Output, formatting, f-strings, escape characters
02_comments.py Comments Single-line, multi-line, docstrings, best practices
03_variables.py Variables Assignment, naming conventions, multiple assignment
04_data_types.py Data Types Numbers, strings, booleans, type conversion

02. Control Flow

File Topic Description
01_if_else.py If/Else Conditionals, comparison operators, logical operators
02_elif.py Elif Multiple conditions, grading systems, ranges
03_match_case.py Match/Case Pattern matching (Python 3.10+), guards, unpacking

03. Loops

File Topic Description
01_for_loop.py For Loops Iteration, range(), enumerate(), zip()
02_while_loop.py While Loops Counters, sentinels, infinite loops
03_break_continue.py Loop Control break, continue, pass, for-else

04. Data Structures

File Topic Description
01_lists.py Lists Indexing, slicing, methods, comprehensions
02_tuples.py Tuples Immutability, unpacking, named tuples
03_sets.py Sets Operations, frozen sets, practical uses
04_dictionaries.py Dictionaries Methods, nesting, comprehensions

05. Functions

File Topic Description
01_function_basics.py Function Basics Defining functions, scope, docstrings
02_arguments.py Arguments Positional, keyword, *args, **kwargs, type hints
03_return_values.py Return Values Multiple returns, early returns, generators
04_lambda_functions.py Lambda Anonymous functions, map, filter, reduce

06. Modules & Packages

File Topic Description
01_imports.py Imports Import patterns, standard library, organization
02_custom_modules.py Custom Modules Creating modules, packages, __init__.py

07. Error Handling

File Topic Description
01_try_except.py Try/Except Exception handling, else, finally
02_custom_exceptions.py Custom Exceptions Creating exceptions, hierarchy, best practices

08. Object-Oriented Programming

File Topic Description
01_classes_objects.py Classes & Objects Attributes, methods, self
02_init_methods.py Init & Methods Constructors, properties, classmethods
03_inheritance.py Inheritance Single/multiple inheritance, super(), MRO
04_polymorphism.py Polymorphism Duck typing, operator overloading, protocols

09. Advanced Python

File Topic Description
01_list_comprehensions.py Comprehensions List, dict, set comprehensions
02_generators.py Generators Yield, iterators, memory efficiency
03_decorators.py Decorators Simple/parameterized decorators, functools
04_context_managers.py Context Managers with statement, __enter__/__exit__, contextlib

10. Best Practices

File Topic Description
01_pep8.py PEP 8 Python style guide, naming, formatting
02_type_hinting.py Type Hinting Type annotations, typing module, generics
03_virtual_envs.py Virtual Environments venv, pip, requirements.txt

Getting Started

  1. Clone the repository

    git clone https://github.com/blshaer/python_review.git
    cd python_review
  2. Start from basics

    cd 01_basics
    python 01_print.py
  3. Read the comments — Each section is thoroughly explained

  4. Experiment — Modify the code and observe the results


Prerequisites

Requirement Version Notes
Python 3.10+ Recommended (for match/case support)
Python 3.8+ Minimum (for most features)
# Check your Python version
python --version

File Structure

Each Python file follows a consistent structure:

"""
================================================================================
File: filename.py
Topic: Topic Name
================================================================================

Description of what the file covers...

Key Concepts:
- Concept 1
- Concept 2
- ...

================================================================================
"""
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Section 1: Basic Example
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ... code with inline comments ...
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Section 2: Advanced Example
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ... more code ...

Learning Path

🌱 Beginner 📈 Intermediate 🚀 Advanced 💼 Professional
 Recommended Flow:
Beginner → 01_basics → 02_control_flow → 03_loops
Intermediate → 04_data_structures → 05_functions → 06_modules
Advanced → 07_error_handling → 08_oop → 09_advanced
Professional → 10_best_practices

Progress Tracker

Use this checklist to track your learning progress:

  • 01. Basics — Print, Comments, Variables, Data Types
  • 02. Control Flow — If/Else, Elif, Match/Case
  • 03. Loops — For, While, Break/Continue
  • 04. Data Structures — Lists, Tuples, Sets, Dictionaries
  • 05. Functions — Basics, Arguments, Returns, Lambda
  • 06. Modules & Packages — Imports, Custom Modules
  • 07. Error Handling — Try/Except, Custom Exceptions
  • 08. OOP — Classes, Init, Inheritance, Polymorphism
  • 09. Advanced Python — Comprehensions, Generators, Decorators
  • 10. Best Practices — PEP8, Type Hints, Virtual Environments

Happy Learning!

Made with ❤️ by Baraa

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A complete, folder-based guide to the Python language, from basics to advanced concepts, explained through clear, runnable code examples.

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