under-

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under-

pref.

1. Beneath or below in position: underground.

2. Inferior or subordinate in rank or importance: undersecretary.

3. Less in degree, rate, or quantity than normal or proper: undersized.

[Middle English, from Old English; see n̥dher- in Indo-European roots.]

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

under-

prefix

1. below or beneath: underarm; underground.

2. of lesser importance or lower rank: undersecretary.

3. to a lesser degree than is proper; insufficient or insufficiently: undercharge; underemployed.

4. indicating secrecy or deception: underhand.

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

un•der

(ˈʌn dər)

prep.

1. beneath and covered by: under a tree.

2. below the surface of: under water.

3. at a point lower than: a bump just under his eye.

4. in the position of sustaining, enduring, etc.: to sink under a heavy load.

5. beneath the cover or disguise of: registered under a pseudonym.

6. beneath the heading of: Classify the books under “Fiction.”

7. below in degree, amount, etc.; less than: purchased under cost.

8. below in rank.

9. subject to the authority or influence of: a bureau under the president.

10. in accordance with: under the provisions of the law.

11. during the administration or reign of: laws passed under President Lincoln.

12. in the state or process of: under construction.

adv.

13. below or beneath something: Go over the fence, not under.

14. beneath the surface.

15. in a lower degree, amount, etc.: shirts for 25ドル and under.

16. in a subordinate position or condition.

17. go under,

a. to give in; succumb.

b. to fail in business.

adj.

18. located beneath or on the underside.

19. lower in position.

20. lower in degree, amount, rank, etc.

21. subject to the control, effect, etc., as of a person, drug, or force: I was under throughout the surgery.

[before 900; Middle English, Old English < Latin inferus located below]

under-

a prefixal use of under, as to indicate place or situation below or beneath (underbrush; undertow); lower in grade or dignity (undersheriff; understudy); of lesser degree, extent, or amount (undersized); or insufficiency (underfeed).

[Middle English; Old English]

Translations

under-

[ˈʌndəʳ] PREFIX

1. (= insufficiently) → poco, insuficientemente
under-prepared → poco or insuficientemente preparado

2. (= less than) an under-15 (= child) → un menor de 15 años
the Spanish under-21 team → la selección española sub-21

3. [part etc] → bajo, inferior ; [clothing] → interior ; (in rank) → subalterno, segundo
the under-cook → el/la cocinero/a ayudante or auxiliar

Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

under-

[ˈʌndə^r-] prefix

(= insufficiently) → sous-
underpriced → sous-évalué(e)
undercooked → pas assez cuit(e)

(= lower in rank) → sous-
undermanager → sous-directeur

under-

pref

(in rank) → Unter- ; for the under-twelves/-eighteens/-forties → für Kinder unter zwölf/Jugendliche unter achtzehn/Leute unter vierzig

(= insufficiently) → zu wenig, ungenügend

Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

under

(ˈandə) preposition

1. in or to a position lower than, or covered by. Your pencil is under the chair; Strange plants grow under the sea. onder تَحْت под debaixo de pod unter under κάτω από debajo, bajo all, alla زیر alla sous, au-dessous מִתַחַת לְ- नीचे ispod alatt(a) di bawah undir sotto 〜の下に (위치) ...의 (바로) 밑에 po zem di bawah onder under pod لاندی debaixo de sub, dedesubtul под; на pod pod ispod under ใต้ altın(d)a (位置)在...之下 під اندر dưới, ở dưới (位置)在...之下

2. less than, or lower in rank than. Children under five should not cross the street alone; You can do the job in under an hour. in minder as أقَل من подчинен abaixo de pod; do unter, weniger als under κάτω από, λιγότερο από menor de, menos de alla, vähem kui کمتر alle moins de פָּחוֹת מְ- निम्न manje, ispod ...-nél fiatalabb; kevesebb, mint; ...-n belül di bawah innan við sotto, meno di 〜未満で (계급, 연령) ...이하(미만)의 mažiau nei mazāk par ke bawah beneden, minder dan under, mindre enn poniżej کمتر com/em menos de sub, mai puţin de до; меньше pod; do manj kot manje under, mindre än ต่ํากว่า altında, aşağısında, ...-den/dan küçük (等級,程度)在...以下,在...以內 вказує на менший ступінь, кількість, вік тощо سے کم dưới, có cấp bậc thấp hơn (等级,程度)在...之下,少于,低于

3. subject to the authority of. As a foreman, he has about fifty workers under him. onder, in sy groep تَحْت إمْرَتِه под sob as ordens de pod unter under υπό τις διαταγές, κάτω από την εξουσία a las órdenes alluvuses زیر نظر alaisuudessa sous les ordres מתחת मातहत ispod a keze alatt sebagai bawahan undir stjórn sotto 〜のもとに (지배, 감독) ...을 받아 pavaldus kāda vadībā/pakļautībā dibawah onder under pod تر نظر لاندى às ordens de în subordinea под, у pod pod pod under ภายใต้ yanında, emir komutası altında (層級)在...之下 під ماتحت chiu trách nhiệm với quyền hành của ai (层级)在...指挥之下,在...管辖下

4. used to express various states. The fort was under attack; The business improved under the new management; The matter is under consideration/discussion. onder, in, danksy تَحْت البَحْث под sob pod, v unter, in under υπό bajo all, (-l, -kse) تحت alaisena sous, en בְּ- विभिन्न स्थितियों के लिए इस्तेमाल होता है pod, ispod ... alatt; -ban, -ben (folyamatban) di bawah undir, til sotto 〜中で (사정, 조건) ...하에 Jautājums tiek apspriests. (norāda uz dažādiem stāvokļiem) dibawah onder, in under pod تحت sob sub (ameninţarea etc.) под; при; на pod, v za časa; v pod under ภายใต้ altında; bünyesinde; halinde 在...狀態之下,進入...狀態 вказує на перебування в русі, процесі, певному стані тощо کے تحت đang ở trong tình trạng (表示状态)在...之下

adverb

in or to a lower position, rank etc. The swimmer surfaced and went under again; children aged seven and under. onder, laer تَحْت الشَّيء в, на abaixo dolů, méně unter under κάτω, σε χαμηλότερη θέση abajo; por debajo alla, vähem kui به پائین alle sous, au-dessous מִתַחַת לְ-, פָּחוֹת מְ- निम्न स्थान manje, niže alá (pl. alámerül); ... és annál fiatalabb di bawahnya í kaf/undir ákveðnum aldri sotto 下に (위치, 지위 등) 아래에 žemyn; mažiau septiņus gadus veci un jaunāki bērni ke bawah onder, naar beneden under, ned poniżej په پای abaixo sub, mai puţin de вниз; ниже; моложе dolu, menej niže; manj ispod ner, därunder ต่ํากว่า altın(d)a (位置、層級等)在...之下 вказує на рух вниз, положення, місце нижче чогось ، نيچے، نيچے کي طرف dưới, ở phía dưới (位置、層級等)在...之下

under-

1. beneath, as in underline. onder تَحْت، أدْنى под sublinhar pod- unter-... under- από κάτω, υπο- sub- alla- زیر alle- sous-... souligner שֶׁנִמצָא מִתַחַת नीचे ispod alá- (pl. aláhúz) bawah undir- sotto- 下の- 아래쪽에 pa- zem- bawah onder- under- pod- لاندی sub(linhar) sub-... subliniat под- pod- pod-... podčrtati pod [stryka] under, under- ใต้ alt, altında, altına, alttan (前綴)在...下方 під- نيچے ở phía dưới (前缀)表示"在...下"

2. too little, as in underpay. wan أقَل مما يَنْبَغي прекалено нисък (pagar) mal nedo- unter-... under- λιγότερο από το κανονικό, υπο- (ως β ́ συνθ.) sub-, mal ala- اندک ali- sous-... sous-payer פחות מדי बहुत कम premalo alul- (pl. alulfizet) terlalu sedikit undirborga sotto- 不十分の- 너무 적은 nepakankamai, per maþas pārāk mazs/maz kurang onder- under- źle ..., zbyt nisko, mało اندک (pagar) mal mai puţin недо- pod- pod-... podceniti pod under- ไม่เพียงพอ az, yetersiz (前綴)少於... надає значення недостатності بہت کم quá ít (前缀)少于...

3. lower in rank. the under-manager. onder أدنى مرْتَبَةً по-нисш subgerente pod- Unter-... under- σε κατώτερη βαθμίδα, υπο- (ως β ́ συνθ.) sub- all- زیر دست؛ دون ali- sous-... sous-directeur תַּת- पद में निम्न pod- al- (pl. aligazgató) lebih rendah undir-, lægra settur sotto- 下位の- 지위가 낮은 jaunesnysis zemāka ranga-/pakāpes- bawahan onder- underordnet pod دون sub(gerente) sub director ниже по чину pod- pod-... podravnatelj pod vice, biträdande, under- รองลงมา yardımcı, ast (前綴)職位等低於... надає значення підпорядкованості, підлеглості چھوٹے درجہ کا cấp dưới (前缀)职位等低于...,次于...

4. less in age than. a nursery for under-fives (= children aged four and under). onder تَحْت السِّن ، أصْغَر من по-малък menos de méně než unter ... under κάτω από de menos de, menores de alla- کمتر alle de moins de פָּחוֹת מְ- उम्र में कम mlađi -aluli (pl. öt éven aluliak) bawah innan við tiltekinn aldur (di/con meno di) -歳未満の 나이가 ...미만의 사람 jaunesnis negu jaunāks nekā ke bawah beneden de ... jaar under, mindre enn w wieku poniżej lat ... کمتر menos de mai mic decât моложе menej ako do ispod under อายุต่ํากว่า altında, ...-den/dan küçük (前綴)年齡小於... нижче عمر ميں کم ít tuổi hơn (前缀)年龄小于...