stiffen


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Related to stiffen: stiffen up

stiff·en

(stĭf′ən)
tr. & intr.v. stiff·ened, stiff·en·ing, stiff·ens
To make or become stiff or stiffer.

stiff′en·er n.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

stiffen

(ˈstɪfən)
vb
1. to make or become stiff or stiffer
2. (intr) to become suddenly tense or unyielding
ˈstiffener n
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

stiff•en

(ˈstɪf ən)

v.t.
1. to make stiff.
v.i.
2. to become stiff.
[1490–1500]
stiff′en•er, n.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.

stiffen


Past participle: stiffened
Gerund: stiffening

Imperative
stiffen
stiffen
Present
I stiffen
you stiffen
he/she/it stiffens
we stiffen
you stiffen
they stiffen
Preterite
I stiffened
you stiffened
he/she/it stiffened
we stiffened
you stiffened
they stiffened
Present Continuous
I am stiffening
you are stiffening
he/she/it is stiffening
we are stiffening
you are stiffening
they are stiffening
Present Perfect
I have stiffened
you have stiffened
he/she/it has stiffened
we have stiffened
you have stiffened
they have stiffened
Past Continuous
I was stiffening
you were stiffening
he/she/it was stiffening
we were stiffening
you were stiffening
they were stiffening
Past Perfect
I had stiffened
you had stiffened
he/she/it had stiffened
we had stiffened
you had stiffened
they had stiffened
Future
I will stiffen
you will stiffen
he/she/it will stiffen
we will stiffen
you will stiffen
they will stiffen
Future Perfect
I will have stiffened
you will have stiffened
he/she/it will have stiffened
we will have stiffened
you will have stiffened
they will have stiffened
Future Continuous
I will be stiffening
you will be stiffening
he/she/it will be stiffening
we will be stiffening
you will be stiffening
they will be stiffening
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been stiffening
you have been stiffening
he/she/it has been stiffening
we have been stiffening
you have been stiffening
they have been stiffening
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been stiffening
you will have been stiffening
he/she/it will have been stiffening
we will have been stiffening
you will have been stiffening
they will have been stiffening
Past Perfect Continuous
I had been stiffening
you had been stiffening
he/she/it had been stiffening
we had been stiffening
you had been stiffening
they had been stiffening
Conditional
I would stiffen
you would stiffen
he/she/it would stiffen
we would stiffen
you would stiffen
they would stiffen
Past Conditional
I would have stiffened
you would have stiffened
he/she/it would have stiffened
we would have stiffened
you would have stiffened
they would have stiffened
Collins English Verb Tables © HarperCollins Publishers 2011
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Verb 1. stiffen - become stiff or stiffer; "He stiffened when he saw his boss enter the room"
change - undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night"
rigidify - become rigid; "The body rigidified"
relax, loose, loosen - become loose or looser or less tight; "The noose loosened"; "the rope relaxed"
2. stiffen - make stiff or stiffer; "Stiffen the cream by adding gelatine"
alter, change, modify - cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; "The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city"; "The discussion has changed my thinking about the issue"
starch - stiffen with starch; "starch clothes"
buckram - stiffen with or as with buckram; "buckram the skirt"
ossify, rigidify, petrify - make rigid and set into a conventional pattern; "rigidify the training schedule"; "ossified teaching methods"; "slogans petrify our thinking"
loosen, loose - make loose or looser; "loosen the tension on a rope"
3. stiffen - restrict; "Tighten the rules"; "stiffen the regulations"
confine, limit, throttle, trammel, restrain, restrict, bound - place limits on (extent or access); "restrict the use of this parking lot"; "limit the time you can spend with your friends"
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

stiffen

verb
1. become stiff, set, harden, gel, thicken, solidify, crystallize, congeal, coagulate, become solid The fine-tuning lens in the eye stiffens with age.
2. tighten, tense (up), tauten, become stiff The blood supply to the skin is reduced when muscles stiffen.
3. strengthen, reinforce, harden, toughen Canada has recently stiffened its immigration rules.
Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

stiffen

verb
1. To make stiff or stiffer:
2. To make or become tense:
The American Heritage® Roget's Thesaurus. Copyright © 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Translations
يَتَصَلَّب
vyztužitztuhnout
stivestivne
jähmettääjähmettyäjäykistääjäykistyä
megmerevítmerevít
gera stíft; stífna
întări
vystužiť
kasılmaksertleş mek

stiffen

[ˈstɪfn]
A. VT
1. [+ card, fabric etc] → reforzar ; (with starch) → almidonar
2. (also stiffen up) [+ limb, muscle] → contraer, poner tieso ; [+ joint] → agarrotar
3. (fig) [+ morale, resistance etc] → fortalecer
B. VI
1. [card, fabric] → hacerse más rígido, atiesarse
2. (also stiffen up) [limb, muscle] → contraerse, ponerse tieso ; [joint] → agarrotarse
3. (fig) [person, manner] → endurecerse
the breeze stiffenedrefrescó el viento
resistance to the idea seems to have stiffenedla oposición a esta idea parece haberse hecho más tenaz aún
Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

stiffen

[ˈstɪfən]
vt
[+ cloth] → raidir ; [+ paper] → rigidifier
[+ muscles] → raidir
(= strengthen) [+ attitude, laws] → durcir
to stiffen sb's resolve → affermir qn dans sa résolution
It only stiffens our resolve → Cela ne fait que nous affermir dans notre résolution.
vi
[person, face] (with fear, anger)se figer
(also stiffen up) [muscles] → se raidir
(= become stronger) [resistance] → se durcir ; [resolve] → s'affermir
Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

stiffen

(also stiffen up)
vtsteif machen ; shirt etcstärken, steifen ; (disease) limbsteif werden lassen ; resistance etcverstärken
visteif werden ; (fig: resistance) → sich verhärten ; (breeze)auffrischen ; when I said this she stiffened (up)als ich das sagte, wurde sie ganz starr
Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

stiffen

[ˈstɪfn]
1. vt (legs) → irrigidire ; (with starch) → inamidare (fig) (resistance) → rafforzare
2. vi (person, manner) → irrigidirsi ; (determination) → rafforzarsi ; (morale) → risollevarsi
Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995

stiff

(stif) adjective
1. rigid or firm, and not easily bent, folded etc. He has walked with a stiff leg since he injured his knee; stiff cardboard. styf صَلْب، يابِس вдървен rígido tuhý; nepohyblivý steif stiv δύσκαμπτος, σκληρός rígido, tieso jäik انعطاف ناپذير jäykkä raide נוּקשֶׁה सुस्थिर ukočen, krut merev kaku stífur rigido; indolenzito こわばった 빳빳한 kietas, nelankstus, tvirtas stīvs; ciets tegar stijf stiv sztywny rígido ţea­păn, rigid негнущийся tuhý; tvrdý tog ukočen stel, styv ที่หักได้ยาก sert, katı 堅硬的,不易彎曲的 тугий, негнучкий سخت cứng 坚硬的,不易弯曲的
2. moving, or moved, with difficulty, pain etc. I can't turn the key – the lock is stiff; I woke up with a stiff neck; I felt stiff the day after the climb. styf مُتَصَلِّب، مُنْقَبِض схванат duro nepoddajný, ztuhlý steif stiv μαγκωμένος, πιασμένος duro kange خشك jäykkä dur; raide תפוס रूढ़ा, रूक्ष, शुष्क, औपचारिक težak, ukočen nehezen mozgó; mindene fáj kaku stífur rigido, duro; indolenzito なめらかに動かない 뻣뻣한 užstrigęs, sustingęs, nepajudinamas stingrs; stīvs sakit stijf stiv; støl działający opornie, sztywny duro dur; rigid тугой; онемелый stuhnutý, zdrevenelý trd ukočen stel, trög เคลื่อนไหวได้ยาก tutuk, oynamayan 難動的 закостенілий, здерев'янілий بے لوچ cứng rắn 难动的
3. (of a cooking mixture etc) thick, and not flowing. a stiff dough. styf كَثيف، دَبِق، جامِد гъст espesso tuhý zäh stiv σφιχτός espeso tihke پر ملاط paksu consistant סמיך गाढ़ा gust sűrű kental þykkur denso, spesso, consistente かた練りの (요리 등이) 뻑뻑한 tirštas, kietas biezs keras stijf stiv, tykk gęsty espesso consistent густой; крутой tuhý gost čvrst trög, tjock ข้น koyu, katı 稠的 щільний, густий گاڑھا đặc, quánh 稠的
4. difficult to do. a stiff examination. moeilik شاق، صَعْب труден difícil těžký schwierig svær δύσκολος, ζόρικος difícil raske دشوار vaikea difficile קשה कठिन, दु:साध्य težak, naporan nehéz sulit erfiður difficile むずかしい 어려운 sunkus grūts sukar moeilijk vanskelig, streng ciężki, trudny difícil dificil трудный prísny, ťažký težaven težak svår, besvärlig ยากที่จะทํา zor 艱難的 важкий دشوار khó làm, khó khăn 艰难的
5. strong. a stiff breeze. sterk شَديد، قَوي силен forte ostrý steif stærk δυνατός fuerte kõva قوي voimakas fort חזק कठोर कक्ष jak, žestok erős kuat allmikill, stífur forte 強い 강한 stiprus stiprs; spēcīgs kuat stijf sterk, stiv silny forte puternic сильный ostrý močan jak styv, hård แข็ง kuvvetli 強烈的 сильний کرخت thổi mạnh 强烈的
6. (of a person or his manner etc) formal and unfriendly. I received a stiff note from the bank manager. onvriendelik, formeel رَسْمي وَغَيْر وُدّي хладен formal strohý steif streng; skrap τυπικός, ψυχρός frío, formal, estirado jäik, ebasõbralik رسمي jäykkä froid חריף तना हुआ nadut, formalan kimért, hűvös tegas ópersónulegur, ólipur freddo 堅苦しい 딱딱한, 뻣뻣한 oficialus, formalus oficiāls; formāls; vēss tegas stijf stiv, formell chłodny formal rece чопорный strohý zadržan formalan stel, kylig, formell ที่ควบคุมอย่างเข้มงวด resmî, soğuk 嚴厲的,不友善的 натягнутий, холодний اکھڑ یا ضدی không thân mật 严厉的,不友好的
ˈstiffly adverb
styf بِصَلابَه твърдо inflexivelmente upjatě steif stift; svært; stærkt; strengt; skrapt δύσκολα, δύσκαμπτα, ψυχρά, τυπικά rígidamente jäigalt با حالت خشك و رسمي jäykästi avec raideur בְּנוֹקשוּת सख्ती से, औपचारिकता से, कठोरतापूर्वक, कठिनाई से ukočeno mereven; kimérten; makacsul secara kaku af stífni rigidamente 堅苦しく 뻣뻣하게 stipriai stīvi; cieti; formāli dengan tegas stijf stivt, formelt sztywno, chłodno inflexivelmente cu rigiditate чопорно upäto togo kruto stelt อย่างแข็ง; อย่างยากลําบาก sert şekilde; soğuk 強烈地 натягнуто, холодно سختی سے cứng, không thân mật, kiên quyết 强烈地
ˈstiffness noun
styfheid صَلابَه твърдост rigidez upjatost; ztuhlost die Steifheit stivhed; unaturlighed δυσκολία, δυσκαμψία, ψυχρότητα, τυπικότητα rigidez jäikus حالت خشك و رسمي jäykkyys raideur נוֹקשוּת कठोरता, सख्ती, औपचारिकता, कठोरता krutost, ukočenost merevség, feszesség, keménység kekakuan stífni rigidezza 堅苦しさ 뻣뻣함 oficialumas stīvums; formalitāte ketegasan stijfheid stivhet; formalitet uczucie sztywności rigidez rigiditate чопорность upätosť; nehybnosť togost krutost stelhet ความแข็งทื่อไม่หยืดหยุ่น sertlik; soğukluk 僵硬 негнучкість; здерев'янілість سختی sự cứng, không thân mật, kiên quyết 僵硬
ˈstiffen verb
to make or become stiff(er). You can stiffen cotton with starch; He stiffened when he heard the unexpected sound. styf word يَتَصَلَّب втвърдявам се retesar(-se) vyztužit; ztuhnout steifen stive; stivne σκληραίνω, κοκαλώνω, γίνομαι άκαμπτος fortalecer, endurecer, poner rígido kõvendama, kangestuma خشك كردن jäykistää raidir לִקפוֹא עַל מְקוֹמוֹ कड़ा बनाना, कठोर बनाना, दु:खदायी होना ukrutiti, ukočiti (meg)merevít membuat kaku gera (e-ð) stíft; stífna irrigidire, irrigidirsi こわばらせる 뻣뻣하게 만들다, 굳어지다 (su)kietinti, standinti, sustingti iecietināt; sastingt menjadi keras verstijven stivne, gjøre stiv, avstive sztywnieć, usztywniać entesar(-se) a (se) încorda придавать жесткость; напрячься vystužiť; stuhnúť otrditi ukrutiti [få att] stelna, stelna till ทําให้แข็งทื่อ sertleş(tir)mek, kasılmak 變硬,使呆板 ставати чи робити негнучким سخت اور مضبوط بنانا làm cứng, củng cố 变硬,使呆板
ˈstiffening noun
material used to stiffen something. The collar has some stiffening in it. styfsel مادَّةٌ تُصَلِّب втвърдител reforço výztuž die Versteifung stivelse υλικό κολαρίσματος refuerzo kõvendus(materjal) خشك كن jäykiste empois מַקשִיחַ स्तंभन krućenje, sredstvo za skrućivanje keményítő kain keras stífelsi rinforzo 강화제 standinanti medžiaga stīvinātājs; stīvdrēbe pengeras versteviging stivelsesmiddel sztywnik reforço apret жёсткая прокладка výstuž trdilec materijal za ukrućivanje styvningsmedel วัตถุดิบบางอย่างที่ทําให้แข็งทื่อ sertleştirici, telâ 使...變硬挺的材料 те, що надає жорсткості کسی چیز کو سخت بنانے کے لیے استعمال ہونے والا مادہ chất hồ cứng 加固物,(使衣服等)变硬的材料
bore/scare stiff
to bore or frighten very much. baie verveeld, baie bang يموتُ من الرُّعْب умирам от скука/страх aborrecer/assustar muito nudit/vyděsit k smrti zu Tode gelangweilt/erschrocken kede livet af sig; være dødbange βαριέμαι ή τρομάζω μέχρι θανάτου aburrirse como una ostra; estar muerto de miedo tüütama, surnuks ehmatama ترس بوجود آوردن pelästyttää, ikävystyttää kuoliaaksi ennuyer à mourir; faire une peur bleue à לְהַפחִיד थकाना nasmrt, strašno (prestrašiti, dosađivati) halálra untat/rémít sangat membosankan drepa úr leiðindum; gera dauðhræddan (annoiare a morte); (spaventare a morte) ひどく退屈させる 질겁하게 하다 mirtinai įkyrėti, mirtinai išgąsdinti garlaikot līdz nāvei; pārbiedēt stīvu menjadi takut gruwelijk vervelen, doodsbang maken kjede livet av seg; være livredd śmiertelnie nudzić/przestraszyć aborrecer/assustar de morte a se plictisi de moarte; a muri de frică надоесть, напугать до смерти nudiť na smrť; vystrašiť sa smrť na smrt dolgočasiti/prestrašiti prestrašiti tråka ut ngn fullständigt/skrämma vettet ur ngn ทําให้กังวลหรือหวาดกลัวมาก can sıkıntısından patlatmak/ödünü koparmak 嚇呆 налякати до смерті بہت زیادہ خوف زدہ کرنا sợ chết cứng 吓呆
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.
References in classic literature ?
The line originally used in the fishery was of the best hemp, slightly vapored with tar, not impregnated with it, as in the case of ordinary ropes; for while tar, as ordinarily used, makes the hemp more pliable to the rope-maker, and also renders the rope itself more convenient to the sailor for common ship use; yet, not only would the ordinary quantity too much stiffen the whale-line for the close coiling to which it must be subjected; but as most seamen are beginning to learn, tar in general by no means adds to the rope's durability or strength, however much it may give it compactness and gloss.
I felt him stiffen in my arms and heard him murmur: "Go on, go on; but don't make any noise." I pinched him and shook him until he was able to stand up.
"Go back, thou dog, to Twala, who sent thee, and say that we, Ignosi, veritable king of the Kukuanas, Incubu, Bougwan, and Macumazahn, the wise ones from the Stars, who make dark the moon, Infadoos, of the royal house, and the chiefs, captains, and people here gathered, make answer and say, 'That we will not surrender; that before the sun has gone down twice, Twala's corpse shall stiffen at Twala's gate, and Ignosi, whose father Twala slew, shall reign in his stead.' Now go, ere we whip thee away, and beware how thou dost lift a hand against such as we are."
In the presence of Tikhon and the doctor the women washed what had been the prince, tied his head up with a handkerchief that the mouth should not stiffen while open, and with another handkerchief tied together the legs that were already spreading apart.
I speak of sequences, but I required no lapse of seconds to stiffen myself for a third encounter with Quint.
On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria's last winding-sheet, -- a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.
My limbs stiffened under the strain of violent cramp.
Her mouth stiffened, the muscles of the cheek contracted on the right side of her pale, nervous face.
In one mysterious instant all her beauty left her; her face stiffened awfully, like the face of a corpse.
He saw that the skin was beautiful, which appealed to his barbaric sense of ornamentation, and when it stiffened and later commenced to decompose because of his having no knowledge of how to cure or tan it was with sorrow and regret that he discarded it.
He stiffened himself upon the spout, pushed against the wall with both his knees, clung to a crevice in the stones with his hands, and succeeded in climbing back with one foot, perhaps; but this effort made the leaden beak on which he rested bend abruptly.
This god, stiffened electrically and pointed Jerry along the deck, and, with mouth encouragements and urgings the import of which Jerry could only guess, directed him toward the one who so commanded by saying:

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