precatory

(23) A second question relates to whether the state free exercise guarantees were judicially enforceable or merely precatory. (24) These questions are relevant for this Note's focus on the state free exercise provisos because the provisos' practical impact and doctrinal scope become most apparent once the base free exercise right itself--and its enforceability--are understood.

645.08(1) provides that words in a statute shall be interpreted according to "their common and approved usage" and goes on to state in 645.44 that the word "shall" is "mandatory." Despite these declarations, in some circumstances, the word is often construed as precatory, rather than obligatory, as courts in Minnesota and some other jurisdictions do not impose a lexigraphical litmus test in defining the meaning of the word shall.

(60) Furthermore, although one of the factors is whether Congress has established a deadline to respond to a petition, (61) the courts are split whether the deadline is mandatory or precatory. (62) At the end of the day, judges "can use the TRAC analysis to support virtually any conclusion they want to reach." (63)

While English arguably has a "precatory" or imperative mode, Irish boasts what can only be described as "imprecatory" modes (as distinct from tenses), the "Modh Foshuiteach" past and present.

Based on these circumstances, the court refused the probate the writing as a codicil because it was not manifest that the name on the document in question was intended as the decedents signature; further, the circuit court held, the writing is precatory and tentative in nature.

than either to have no rules except those mandated by statute, or to have them framed in a mere precatory form." (265)

Article IV: 1 of the Articles of the Agreement of the IMF states that members "shall avoid manipulating [currency] exchanges in order to gain an unfair advantage over other members." (162) Note the precatory language "shall." In the entire history of the IMF, no country has ever been found to be a currency manipulator in violation of this provision.

transaction with Ticknor and, on the horizontal axis, a mere precatory

(177.) The Harvard Shareholder Rights Project (SRP), a clinical program established at Harvard Law School to assist institutional investors in the submission of precatory proposals to destagger the board, has contributed to board destaggering at around one hundred S&P 500 and Fortune companies in just three years.

Also, as per the final results the precatory shareholder proposal requesting the board to take the necessary steps to declassify it, was not approved by a majority of outstanding votes.

Even while adopting the 2007 CJC, Delaware retained the 1972 precatory standard of "should." See DEL.