/*
 * src/test/examples/testlibpq.c
 *
 *
 * testlibpq.c
 *
 * Test the C version of libpq, the PostgreSQL frontend library.
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "libpq-fe.h"
static void
exit_nicely(PGconn *conn)
{
 PQfinish(conn);
 exit(1);
}
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
 const char *conninfo;
 PGconn *conn;
 PGresult *res;
 int nFields;
 int i,
 j;
 /*
 * If the user supplies a parameter on the command line, use it as the
 * conninfo string; otherwise default to setting dbname=postgres and using
 * environment variables or defaults for all other connection parameters.
 */
 if (argc > 1)
 conninfo = argv[1];
 else
 conninfo = "dbname = postgres";
 /* Make a connection to the database */
 conn = PQconnectdb(conninfo);
 /* Check to see that the backend connection was successfully made */
 if (PQstatus(conn) != CONNECTION_OK)
 {
 fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
 exit_nicely(conn);
 }
 /* Set always-secure search path, so malicious users can't take control. */
 res = PQexec(conn,
 "SELECT pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', '', false)");
 if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
 {
 fprintf(stderr, "SET failed: %s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
 PQclear(res);
 exit_nicely(conn);
 }
 /*
 * Should PQclear PGresult whenever it is no longer needed to avoid memory
 * leaks
 */
 PQclear(res);
 /*
 * Our test case here involves using a cursor, for which we must be inside
 * a transaction block. We could do the whole thing with a single
 * PQexec() of "select * from pg_database", but that's too trivial to make
 * a good example.
 */
 /* Start a transaction block */
 res = PQexec(conn, "BEGIN");
 if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
 {
 fprintf(stderr, "BEGIN command failed: %s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
 PQclear(res);
 exit_nicely(conn);
 }
 PQclear(res);
 /*
 * Fetch rows from pg_database, the system catalog of databases
 */
 res = PQexec(conn, "DECLARE myportal CURSOR FOR select * from pg_database");
 if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
 {
 fprintf(stderr, "DECLARE CURSOR failed: %s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
 PQclear(res);
 exit_nicely(conn);
 }
 PQclear(res);
 res = PQexec(conn, "FETCH ALL in myportal");
 if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
 {
 fprintf(stderr, "FETCH ALL failed: %s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
 PQclear(res);
 exit_nicely(conn);
 }
 /* first, print out the attribute names */
 nFields = PQnfields(res);
 for (i = 0; i < nFields; i++)
 printf("%-15s", PQfname(res, i));
 printf("\n\n");
 /* next, print out the rows */
 for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(res); i++)
 {
 for (j = 0; j < nFields; j++)
 printf("%-15s", PQgetvalue(res, i, j));
 printf("\n");
 }
 PQclear(res);
 /* close the portal ... we don't bother to check for errors ... */
 res = PQexec(conn, "CLOSE myportal");
 PQclear(res);
 /* end the transaction */
 res = PQexec(conn, "END");
 PQclear(res);
 /* close the connection to the database and cleanup */
 PQfinish(conn);
 return 0;
}

/*
 * src/test/examples/testlibpq2.c
 *
 *
 * testlibpq2.c
 * Test of the asynchronous notification interface
 *
 * Start this program, then from psql in another window do
 * NOTIFY TBL2;
 * Repeat four times to get this program to exit.
 *
 * Or, if you want to get fancy, try this:
 * populate a database with the following commands
 * (provided in src/test/examples/testlibpq2.sql):
 *
 * CREATE SCHEMA TESTLIBPQ2;
 * SET search_path = TESTLIBPQ2;
 * CREATE TABLE TBL1 (i int4);
 * CREATE TABLE TBL2 (i int4);
 * CREATE RULE r1 AS ON INSERT TO TBL1 DO
 * (INSERT INTO TBL2 VALUES (new.i); NOTIFY TBL2);
 *
 * Start this program, then from psql do this four times:
 *
 * INSERT INTO TESTLIBPQ2.TBL1 VALUES (10);
 */
#ifdef WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "libpq-fe.h"
static void
exit_nicely(PGconn *conn)
{
 PQfinish(conn);
 exit(1);
}
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
 const char *conninfo;
 PGconn *conn;
 PGresult *res;
 PGnotify *notify;
 int nnotifies;
 /*
 * If the user supplies a parameter on the command line, use it as the
 * conninfo string; otherwise default to setting dbname=postgres and using
 * environment variables or defaults for all other connection parameters.
 */
 if (argc > 1)
 conninfo = argv[1];
 else
 conninfo = "dbname = postgres";
 /* Make a connection to the database */
 conn = PQconnectdb(conninfo);
 /* Check to see that the backend connection was successfully made */
 if (PQstatus(conn) != CONNECTION_OK)
 {
 fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
 exit_nicely(conn);
 }
 /* Set always-secure search path, so malicious users can't take control. */
 res = PQexec(conn,
 "SELECT pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', '', false)");
 if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
 {
 fprintf(stderr, "SET failed: %s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
 PQclear(res);
 exit_nicely(conn);
 }
 /*
 * Should PQclear PGresult whenever it is no longer needed to avoid memory
 * leaks
 */
 PQclear(res);
 /*
 * Issue LISTEN command to enable notifications from the rule's NOTIFY.
 */
 res = PQexec(conn, "LISTEN TBL2");
 if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
 {
 fprintf(stderr, "LISTEN command failed: %s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
 PQclear(res);
 exit_nicely(conn);
 }
 PQclear(res);
 /* Quit after four notifies are received. */
 nnotifies = 0;
 while (nnotifies < 4)
 {
 /*
 * Sleep until something happens on the connection. We use select(2)
 * to wait for input, but you could also use poll() or similar
 * facilities.
 */
 int sock;
 fd_set input_mask;
 sock = PQsocket(conn);
 if (sock < 0)
 break; /* shouldn't happen */
 FD_ZERO(&input_mask);
 FD_SET(sock, &input_mask);
 if (select(sock + 1, &input_mask, NULL, NULL, NULL) < 0)
 {
 fprintf(stderr, "select() failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 exit_nicely(conn);
 }
 /* Now check for input */
 PQconsumeInput(conn);
 while ((notify = PQnotifies(conn)) != NULL)
 {
 fprintf(stderr,
 "ASYNC NOTIFY of '%s' received from backend PID %d\n",
 notify->relname, notify->be_pid);
 PQfreemem(notify);
 nnotifies++;
 PQconsumeInput(conn);
 }
 }
 fprintf(stderr, "Done.\n");
 /* close the connection to the database and cleanup */
 PQfinish(conn);
 return 0;
}

/*
 * src/test/examples/testlibpq3.c
 *
 *
 * testlibpq3.c
 * Test out-of-line parameters and binary I/O.
 *
 * Before running this, populate a database with the following commands
 * (provided in src/test/examples/testlibpq3.sql):
 *
 * CREATE SCHEMA testlibpq3;
 * SET search_path = testlibpq3;
 * SET standard_conforming_strings = ON;
 * CREATE TABLE test1 (i int4, t text, b bytea);
 * INSERT INTO test1 values (1, 'joe''s place', '000円001円002円003円004円');
 * INSERT INTO test1 values (2, 'ho there', '004円003円002円001円000円');
 *
 * The expected output is:
 *
 * tuple 0: got
 * i = (4 bytes) 1
 * t = (11 bytes) 'joe's place'
 * b = (5 bytes) 000円001円002円003円004円
 *
 * tuple 0: got
 * i = (4 bytes) 2
 * t = (8 bytes) 'ho there'
 * b = (5 bytes) 004円003円002円001円000円
 */
#ifdef WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "libpq-fe.h"
/* for ntohl/htonl */
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
static void
exit_nicely(PGconn *conn)
{
 PQfinish(conn);
 exit(1);
}
/*
 * This function prints a query result that is a binary-format fetch from
 * a table defined as in the comment above. We split it out because the
 * main() function uses it twice.
 */
static void
show_binary_results(PGresult *res)
{
 int i,
 j;
 int i_fnum,
 t_fnum,
 b_fnum;
 /* Use PQfnumber to avoid assumptions about field order in result */
 i_fnum = PQfnumber(res, "i");
 t_fnum = PQfnumber(res, "t");
 b_fnum = PQfnumber(res, "b");
 for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(res); i++)
 {
 char *iptr;
 char *tptr;
 char *bptr;
 int blen;
 int ival;
 /* Get the field values (we ignore possibility they are null!) */
 iptr = PQgetvalue(res, i, i_fnum);
 tptr = PQgetvalue(res, i, t_fnum);
 bptr = PQgetvalue(res, i, b_fnum);
 /*
 * The binary representation of INT4 is in network byte order, which
 * we'd better coerce to the local byte order.
 */
 ival = ntohl(*((uint32_t *) iptr));
 /*
 * The binary representation of TEXT is, well, text, and since libpq
 * was nice enough to append a zero byte to it, it'll work just fine
 * as a C string.
 *
 * The binary representation of BYTEA is a bunch of bytes, which could
 * include embedded nulls so we have to pay attention to field length.
 */
 blen = PQgetlength(res, i, b_fnum);
 printf("tuple %d: got\n", i);
 printf(" i = (%d bytes) %d\n",
 PQgetlength(res, i, i_fnum), ival);
 printf(" t = (%d bytes) '%s'\n",
 PQgetlength(res, i, t_fnum), tptr);
 printf(" b = (%d bytes) ", blen);
 for (j = 0; j < blen; j++)
 printf("\\%03o", bptr[j]);
 printf("\n\n");
 }
}
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
 const char *conninfo;
 PGconn *conn;
 PGresult *res;
 const char *paramValues[1];
 int paramLengths[1];
 int paramFormats[1];
 uint32_t binaryIntVal;
 /*
 * If the user supplies a parameter on the command line, use it as the
 * conninfo string; otherwise default to setting dbname=postgres and using
 * environment variables or defaults for all other connection parameters.
 */
 if (argc > 1)
 conninfo = argv[1];
 else
 conninfo = "dbname = postgres";
 /* Make a connection to the database */
 conn = PQconnectdb(conninfo);
 /* Check to see that the backend connection was successfully made */
 if (PQstatus(conn) != CONNECTION_OK)
 {
 fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
 exit_nicely(conn);
 }
 /* Set always-secure search path, so malicious users can't take control. */
 res = PQexec(conn, "SET search_path = testlibpq3");
 if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
 {
 fprintf(stderr, "SET failed: %s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
 PQclear(res);
 exit_nicely(conn);
 }
 PQclear(res);
 /*
 * The point of this program is to illustrate use of PQexecParams() with
 * out-of-line parameters, as well as binary transmission of data.
 *
 * This first example transmits the parameters as text, but receives the
 * results in binary format. By using out-of-line parameters we can avoid
 * a lot of tedious mucking about with quoting and escaping, even though
 * the data is text. Notice how we don't have to do anything special with
 * the quote mark in the parameter value.
 */
 /* Here is our out-of-line parameter value */
 paramValues[0] = "joe's place";
 res = PQexecParams(conn,
 "SELECT * FROM test1 WHERE t = 1ドル",
 1, /* one param */
 NULL, /* let the backend deduce param type */
 paramValues,
 NULL, /* don't need param lengths since text */
 NULL, /* default to all text params */
 1); /* ask for binary results */
 if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
 {
 fprintf(stderr, "SELECT failed: %s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
 PQclear(res);
 exit_nicely(conn);
 }
 show_binary_results(res);
 PQclear(res);
 /*
 * In this second example we transmit an integer parameter in binary form,
 * and again retrieve the results in binary form.
 *
 * Although we tell PQexecParams we are letting the backend deduce
 * parameter type, we really force the decision by casting the parameter
 * symbol in the query text. This is a good safety measure when sending
 * binary parameters.
 */
 /* Convert integer value "2" to network byte order */
 binaryIntVal = htonl((uint32_t) 2);
 /* Set up parameter arrays for PQexecParams */
 paramValues[0] = (char *) &binaryIntVal;
 paramLengths[0] = sizeof(binaryIntVal);
 paramFormats[0] = 1; /* binary */
 res = PQexecParams(conn,
 "SELECT * FROM test1 WHERE i = 1ドル::int4",
 1, /* one param */
 NULL, /* let the backend deduce param type */
 paramValues,
 paramLengths,
 paramFormats,
 1); /* ask for binary results */
 if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
 {
 fprintf(stderr, "SELECT failed: %s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
 PQclear(res);
 exit_nicely(conn);
 }
 show_binary_results(res);
 PQclear(res);
 /* close the connection to the database and cleanup */
 PQfinish(conn);
 return 0;
}