Woodworking for Engineers by Matthias Wandel (c. 1974-).
Paul Sellers
(1950-) A lifestyle woodworker.
New Yankee Workshop by
Norm Abram (1949-).
The Woodwright's Shop by
Roy Underhill (1950-).
"Build a Chess Board" by Steve Ramsey |
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7
End-Ggrain Chess Board
(6:58) Mark Crist
(Gunflint Designs, 2017年02月24日).
Two End-Grain Chessboards
(15:51) by Mike McCrory (2018年08月12日).
Bit storage trays using dadoes instead of holes
(13:49) by Keith (2019年03月30日).
6 simple gifts made from wood
(8:35) by Marie (DIY Montreal, 2018年11月19日).
The Chemistry of Fire and Wood (1:42:56)
Andrew Szydlo (RI, 2018年01月24日).
Traditional Korean floor (18:17 |
15:18) by Mr. Chickadee (Dec. 2018).
Circular Saw Kickback Killer
(10:41) by Destin Sandlin (2019年02月17日).
Build a Traditional Sawbench (1:43:48)
by Chris Schwarz
(Popular Woodworking, 2012).
Making a Guitar (1:00:00)
Michael Greenfield (Greenfield Guitars, 2016年09月11日).
Violinmaking (15:50)
by Edgar E. Russ (Luthier
in Cremona, 2016年03月09日).
The simplest drawer box (7:24)
by James Hamilton (Stumpy Nubs, 2020年10月02日).
Cool Woodworking Tools (11:02)
James Hamilton (Stumpy Nubs, 2019年03月01日).
Box-Building Techniques (1:32:04)
by RobCosman (2020年10月15日).
Done without nails: Japanese carpentry (25:24)
Journey to the East (2015年01月06日).
The preferred sample size for collectors of natural wood is 6'' by 3'' by ½''. Here's a short selection (in no particular order, for now):
Cork is the suberin-rich bark of the cork oak (Quercus suber, chêne-liège). The entire bark can be harvested with hand tools at regular intervals (7 to 15 years) in the summertime once the tree is mature (about 25 years, or 70 cm in circumference). The first such harvest is called virgin cork or male cork. The subsequent ones produce female cork. A tree can be so harvested about a dozen times over its lifetime.
The Wood Database
|
International Wood Collectors Society (IWCS, 1947)
Rare Woods USA located in Maine
(video).
2" x 2" Exotic Wood Blanks (for turning) BellForest.
Lumber Home Depot.
Densest to Lightest: Exotic wood Showdown
(14:49) by James King (2018年09月09日).
All about Exotic Wood Species (3:50:00)
by James King, with Nick Ferry (2017年11月10日).
Which wood for your recorder? (14:21)
by Sarah Jeffery (Team Recorder, 2020年03月14日).
Lumber dries. Logs rot.
Logs (French: grumes).
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Logging
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Lumber
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Sawmill
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Hewing (équarissage)
Saw pit: Bottom sawyer
(renard) and top sawyer (chevrier).
Phenolic plywood is a sheet product whose outer layers are impregnated with phenolic resin (the stuff used in modern billiard balls). That makes the surface very smooth, hard and water-resistant. At ½'' thickness, phenolic plywood is dimensionally stable and it's excellent for building woodworking tables, fences and jigs.
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Engineered wood | Perforated hardboard (Peg-Board)
The two main desirable properties of a glue are adhesion and cohesion.
Traditional glue (not waterproof). Reversible by heating (steaming).
PVA (CH3COOCH2CH)n is a polyvinyl ester invented in 1912 by the German chemist Fritz Klatte (1880-1934) who patented its preparation from acethylene gas (C2H2 ).
With this wood glue, the pieces to be glued must match almost perfectly and be clamped against each other until the glue dries. Clamping ensures that glue forms only a thin layer (a thick layer of dried glue would be a weak point).
This was introduced in the US as Original Gorilla Glue (the qualifier original is needed because the brand is now used for other glues also).
Polyurethane glue is moisture-activated. It will expand up to threefold into porous material, which may strengthen the bond (especially for end-grain joints). However, weak foam will form into any substantial gap which may be present if the joint isn't precise enough and/or if the clamping isn't sufficient.
One great advantage of polyurethane glue it that will also bond to various non-porous materials. It's also a good choice with oily woods (like teak or rosewood) which cause problem with ordinary (PVA) wood glue. Also, polyurethane glue is totally waterproof when cured.
Liquid nails.
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Wood glue
|
Cyanoacrylate (CA) glues
Working with CA Glue Adhesives in Woodworking
(11:33) by Colin Knecht (WoodWorkWeb, 2018年11月16日).
Guide to GLUE for Woodworkers (44:22)
by James King (2018年04月21日).
The pieces to be glued must match perfectly and be clamped against each other until the glue dries. The clamping pressure forces the pieces against each other and ensures the glue layer between them remains very thin (a thick layer of dried glue would form a weak point).
Box clamps.
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Making long-reach C-clamps
(7:50) by Matthias Wandel (2011年03月13日).
Making Deep-Reach Wooden C-Clamps with Extreme Strength, for 10ドル
(35:46) by James King (2017年05月10日).
Making Cam Clamps
19:55 |
25:10 |
36:35
by Paul Sellers (April 2016).
In an axe, the (curved) blade and the axis of the handle are in the same plane. In an adze, they are in orthogonal planes.
An axe is primarily suited for cutting across the grain of the wood, or at a substantial angle, as is required for felling trees (long-handle felling axes, for logging).
On the other hand, An adze is intended to cut with the grain for finishing work. Skilled worker can use it as a coarse substitute for a plane when the smoothness of the finished surface is not critical.
As its French name implies (couteau à deux manches) a draw knife is just a blade with two handles. The French also call it une plane (they use the name rabot for the more recent tool we call a plane).
A spokeshave is the related tool where the two handle form a single piece underneath which the blade is mounted. It's a vastringue to the French.
A wooden spokeshave with a convex blade meant for pushing is called a travisher. It's the ideal handtool for hollowing out a shallow bowl or the seat of a Windsor chair (possibly to finish a job started with a rounded adze).
Spokeshaves are now commonly made industrially with metal handles and detachable blades.
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Drawknife
|
Spokeshave
How to Make a Poor Man's Spokeshave
(50:24) by Paul Sellers (2017年07月21日).
The common denominator of all hand tools we call planes is that they are intended to bring a face of a wooden surface closer to a perfect planar surface by removing high-spots. Various shapes and sizes of planes differ in how they determine high-spots with respect to the soles from which their blades protrude.
Rabbet plane (rebate plane). Bullnose.
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Hand planes
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Jack plane
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Rabbet plane
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Bullnose (Shoulder_plane)
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Jointer plane
Amazing Indian Hand-Planes
(15:23) by Rex Krueger (2019年08月14日).
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Under certain loose geometric conditions, a jointer will make the bottom surface of the workpiece perfectly planar (up to the precision of its metallic table). Such conditions may fail when the piece is too short. They may also fail at the beginning or the end of a longer piece. A phenomenon known as snipe.
Running the piece through a thickness planer (or thicknesser) will then make its thickness uniform, thus ensuring that the top surface is planar as well. The two operations must be performed in that order, without flipping the piece over.
The specific advantage of a jointer is that it uses only a single face as a reference (at first it touches the infeed table at two points, then it's in contact with the outfeed table which is slightly higher). At soon as it's practical, push the board down on the outfeed sidel; in most cases that's all what's needed to prevent unwanted rotation of the piece. There is not practical limit to how tall a piece can be. Thus, a jointer is all you need if you just want to join several boards end-to-end along perfectly straighr edges (hence the name). A jointer doesn't ensure that the finish edges of a board are parallel, which doesn't matter in jointing.
By contrast, a thickness planer only ensures that the top face is parallel to the bottom face (and it won't be straight if the bottom face isn't). The thickness a planer can produce is typically limited to just a few inches. You can use a planner as a makeshift jointer (for narrow boards only) by making a jig to clamps them vertically onto a good flat horizontal board (for details, see video by Mark Hanson in the footnotes below).
Those are an upgrade to the cylindical cutters normally found on planers and joiners. They consist of many small cutters mounted on pods a helical pattern so that the entire length of the head is covered as the head rotates. As an added benefit, each square pod actually has four cutters (one active cutter and three spares). They can be rotated as needed when worn out or to fix an accidental nick.
Jointer, buzzer, surface-planner
(dégauchisseuse)
|
(Thickness) planer, thicknesser
(raboteuse)
What a Jointer Does (15:07)
by Matthew Cremona (2015年06月08日).
How to Turn Your Planer Into a Jointer
(5:42) by Mark Hanson (2017年06月04日).
Straightening Boards without a Jointer
(10:03) by Rex Krueger (2018年04月13日).
Bad Vibrations
(22:43) by Paul Sellers (2019年01月11日).
SHELIX cutter heads (8:11)
by Byrd,
used for 2 years (7:41)
James Hamilton (2018年10月10日).
Routers spin counterclockwise when looking at the bit (seen from the top when they're table-mounted). That's perceived as clockwise when looking at the workpiece with a hand-held router.
The conventional (preferred) push cut is to fight the tool's rotation with the workpiece but avoid "climb-cut" (whereby the bit's rotation tends to tear the fibers away) by flipping the piece over as needed, if at all possible.
It's best to finish a corner by carving the long grain last.
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Router
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Router bits
Essential Router Skills (13:08)
by Jonathan Katz-Moses (2018年07月26日).
When and how do you climb-cut (7:32)
by James Hamilton (Stumpy Nubs, 2016年12月16日).
How to make and use a simple trimmer table (14:28)
by Jisaku Koubou (JSK-koubou, 2021年05月05日).
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Woodworking joints
|
Biscuit jointer
Bamboo Joints and Joinery Techniques
by Stéphane Schröder (Guadua Bamboo, 2009年05月18日).
How to Make Rabbet Joints (11:19)
by Marc Spagnuolo (The Wood Whisperer, 2015年03月07日).
Making a Poor Man's Rebate Plane
(55:44) by Paul Sellers (2015年11月14日).
Bamboo Joint Lashing Techniques
(5:45) Bamboo World (2016年01月25日).
Beginner's guide to pocket hole joinery (8:09)
by Steve Ramsey (2016年02月26日).
7 Flawless Woodwork Joints (6:44)
by Jack Houweling (2016年10月14日).
3 table-saw jigs for rabbet joints (9:15)
by James Hamilton (Stump Nubs, 2016年10月26日).
The most basic and most affordable widely available unit is the Workmate 125 (25ドル) from Black & Decker.
I use a Workmate 425 92ドル which comes with a removable middle plank and the ability to clamp vertically larger pieces (up to 1.56'' or 39 mm thick) by tilting the front plank 90°. The slightly less expensive Workmate 225 (77ドル) doesn't do that. Neither does the more expensive Workmate 1000 (133ドル).
Alternatives from the competitors of Black & Decker include:
Workbench
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Vise
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Bench dogs & dog holes
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Shave horse (donkey)
9 Best Portable Workbenches (4:21) Ezvid Wiki (2018年02月08日).
Assembly Supports for the Workmate (3:15)
by Marty Backe (2015年08月21日).
Create a simple workbench using a B&D Workmate (8:34)
Imagine then Make (2018年04月01日).
Upgrading the Workmate 425 Panels (8:34)
WorkMateGuy (2018年03月30日).
Making a workbench with handtools [
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 ] by Paul Sellers (2017-2018).
Plywood workbench [
29:18 |
... ] by Paul Sellers (2019).
Chisel hammer. Carving mallet. Teardrop mallet (nylon head).
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Hammer
|
Mallet
(high-density
Harbor Freight Tools 2-Inch Teardrop Mallet
(2014年02月05日).
How to make a Joiner's Mallet
(33:19 |
39:20)
by Paul Sellers (January 2015).
Making a joiner's mallet from firewood (9:01)
by Ian Slatas (2014年02月05日).
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Nail
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Treenail
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Dowel
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Wood screw
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Twinfast
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Tee-nut
How to Make an Awl (31:57)
by Mike Peace (Mike Peace Woodturning, 2015年01月11日).
Common industrial diameters are 6 6mm (length 30 mm), 8 mm and 10 (common length for either is 40 40 mm). For smaller diameters, think of cutting your own from bamboo skewers (diameter 3 mm) or wooden toothpicks (diameter 2 mm). Other commonly available wooden rods (e.g., 9 9 mm diameter) may be used too. A chamfer is needed to insert with some force (hammer or mallet) into a whole drilled to the nominal size. A pencil-sharpener may come in handy for that.
In most applications, dowels are dipped in glue to make the joint they secure permanent. For the most solid joints, glue and dowels are used together. After assembly, dowels protruding from outer surfaces are cut flush and filed or sanded with the rest of the work, which may give nice accents (and a visual clue of solidity also) to the work after sanding, staining and varnishing.
Use common sense; 3-mm dowels obtained from bamboo skewers are great for toys and small objects but not appropriate for furniture. I'm told not all bamboo skewers are 3 mm, but most seem to be. Use the metric drill bit to match that.
Treenail
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Dowel
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Wood screw
Bamboo Dowels Tips and Tricks (30:09)
by Russ Veinot (2015年01月11日).
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Chisels
|
Slick
Getting a Chisel Scary Sharp (16:20)
by Jonathan Katz-Moses (2018年12月09日).
Whittling is a good excuse to own and use a fancy knife, but a proper blade mounted on a specially-designed handle is needed to whittle for any length of time.
Rip saw. Flush-cut saw. Panel saw.
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Crosscut saw | Bow saw | Coping saw | Fretsaw
A table-saw consists of a powered circular saw permanently mounted under a table (with a metallic or phenolic top, to reduce friction with wood workpieces). The saw blade is raised or lowered through a slot in the surface of the table to control th depth of the cut. It's often possible to tilt the blade to make oblique cuts.
A table saw is always endowed with a smooth metallic fence mounted vertically on top of the table, parallel to the slot of the blade. The distance from the fence to the blade can be adjusted from a fraction of an inch to many inches. The simplest way to use the saw is to slide a straight edge of the workpiece against the fence to make a cut parallel to that edge.
A cut made this way won't be straight unless your have a good edge to slide against the fence. To make one, you need either a dedicated jointer or a jointer rig for your table-saw, which can be as simple as a straight board with a pair of clamps permanently bolted on it (see video on edge joining by Steve Ramsey in the footnotes).
The versatility of the tool is greatly enhanced by the presence of two grooves called miter slots, miter tracks or miter channels (the British spelling is mitre). They're parallel to the blade on either side of it. In the US, standard miter slots are 3/4'' wide and 3/8'' deep (the width is more critical than the exact depth). This allows the use of a variety of jigs called sleds which hold the workpiece and are guided by two miter bars (also called runners) solidly attached to them and sliding along the miter slots in the table.
The most common sled is the cross-cut sled, which consists of a large board with the two runners on one side and a tall fence fence on the other, permanently mounted perpedicularly to the runners. (The board is typically split in two on the target table saw. Both halves only connected by the main fence and usually a counterfence on the other side for solidity.)
In a pinch, the two runners can be made out of hardwood but that may entail unacceptable seasonal warping. For permanent jigs, it's much better make the runners from HDPE or to buy miter blanks consisting of UHMW plastic (ultra-high molecular weight polypropylene) in spite of the added cost. For top-precision sleds, commercial miter bars are available for standard tracks (with micro-adjustments for snugness).
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Table saw (sawbench)
|
Miter gauge
Symmetrical Pushstick (8:28)
Inspire Woodcraft (2019年02月15日).
Make Professional Push-Sticks (41:50)
Next Level Carpentry (2018年01月05日).
MicroJig GRR-RIP BLOCK (1:10)
MicroJig (2017年06月17日).
MicroJig GRR-RIPPER 100 & 200 Pushblocks (37:41)
by Morgan Hop (MicroJig, 2018年06月05日).
MicroJig GRR-RIPPER 200 Pushblock (2:20)
by Morgan Hop (MicroJig, 2018年09月05日).
MicroJig Demo (1:29:40)
by Ralph (MicroJig, 2017年03月22日).
Push-block: DIY MicroJig GRR-RIPPER substitute (6:12)
James' Man Cave (2018年10月28日).
Top 10 Woodworking Table-Saw Jigs (16:57)
by Chris Salomone (2018年11月07日).
Edge-jointing jig for table-saw (9:36)
by Steve Ramsey (2016年08月05日).
Flat-Kerf Joinery Blade (7:50)
by James Hamilton (Stump Nubs, 2018年01月30日).
Miter bars: Make Runners for Table Saw Sleds (10:53)
by Dan (The Newbie Woodworker, 2018年04月18日).
The Cross-Cut Sled (21:45)
by Marc Spagnuolo (The Wood Whisperer, 2011年04月29日).
Cross-Cut Sled with Miter Attachment (18:19)
by Nick Ferry (2015年07月24日).
Crosscut Sled with Removable Zero-Clearance Insert
(14:49) by James King (2018年09月09日).
Cross-Cut Sled with Miter Jig (15:08)
by Tamar (2018年04月09日).
Every woodworker needs three table saw blades (8:03)
by James Hamilton (Stumpy Nubs, 2020年08月20日).
Flat-kerf joinery blade (7:50)
by James Hamilton (Stumpy Nubs, 2018年01月30日).
This type of saw is a hand-held power tool with a small circular saw blade mounted through a slot on a guiding plate, with a retractable spring-loaded safety guard.
To make a straight cut with one of these, clamp a board with a good staight edge at a fixed distance from the desired cut (if the plate is symmetrical, that distance is half the width of the plate). As you cut, maintain full contact of the plate with the workpiece while maintaning the edge of the plate pressed against the clamped guiding board.
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Wen track-saw tested (11:59) by Issy Swam (2018年10月21日).
All three are circular saws mounted on a pivoting arm. The axis of that pivot and the axis of the saw are parallel.
The sliding compound miter saw is the most flexible. It allows the axis of the saw to be tilted, which is what you need in mathematically-oriented projects like the hollow buckyball.
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Circular saw (buzzsaw, Skilsaw®)
Tools you'll need to start woodworking
(4:11) by Jon Peters (2013年10月18日).
Using a Sliding Miter Compound Saw
(6:33) by Colin Knecht (WoodWorkWeb, 2014年06月26日).
Radial Arms Saws
(53:01) by Ricky Alexander (Gwinnett Woodworkers, 2014年02月01日).
Skil Saw Pro Tips
(19:00) by Scott Wadsworth (Essential Craftsman, 2016年08月22日).
Unlike a jigsaw, a bandsaw cuts downward.
High resaw fence. Resaw capacity of 14''.
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Reciprocating saw (hognose, Sawzall)
|
Jigsaw
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Scroll saw
|
Bandsaw
Band Saw Clinic (35:12)
by Alex Snodgrass (2011年12月29日).
Five Uses for a Band Saw (9:18)
by Brad Rodriguez (Fix This Build That, 2018年11月19日).
General-purpuse twist bits are usable on wood (a center punch or preliminary small-diameter hole is advised). However, brad point bits are especially designed for wood and are superior for drilling medium-sized holes into wood. They're also called lip and spur bits, or doweling bits.
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Drill | Electric drill | Drill press (boring machine)
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Lathe
Pen Turning 101
(48:05) by Rob Austin (Gwinnett Woodworkers, 2015年11月02日).
Creating a Walnut and Copper Bentwood Ring
(16:34) by Tempest Rings (2017年12月19日).
Birdcage awl.
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Bradawl
|
Scratch awl
How to Make an Awl (31:57)
by Mike Peace (Mike Peace Woodturning, 2015年01月11日).
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Cyclone Separator Lid with Thien Baffle by J. Phil Thien.
Cyclone Separator Shootout (16:23)
by Marc Spagnuolo (The Wood Whisperer, 2012年05月02日).
Affordable Dust Collection (9:31)
by Steve Ramsey (2016年10月28日).
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Sandpaper
|
Sander
|
Belt sander
|
Floor sanding
Burnishing Wood to 12,000 Grit (9:33)
by Blacktail Studio (2019年02月19日).
Traditionally, Boxwood was used for white chess pieces and ebony for black pieces. Both kinds of wood are denser than water with very fine grain which makes them exceptionally well suited for turning and fine carving.
Because of recent restrictions on the harvest of ebony, boxwood is now very often used for black pieces as well using a process ebonization, which can be done several different ways, possibly combined with each other (the deepest black are achieved when stained wood also undergoes a coloring surface treatment).
Black color is obtained when ferric acetate reacts with wood tannin. This reaction uses the same basic principle as iron-gall ink (upon which Western civilization was arguably founded).
To make a good ebonizing solution at home, first clean some steel wool thoroughly with soap and water (to remove any trace of oil which would hinder the rest of the process). Rinse it well. Let it soak for several days at room temperature in a mixture of cleaning vinegar (6% or 8% acetic acid) and hydrogen peroxide (heating can speed up the process, if needed). Ferric acetate will form:
2 Fe + 3 H2O2
®
2 Fe(OH)3
Fe(OH)3 + 3 CH3COOH
®
Fe(CH3COO)3 + 3 H2O
This is a mordant which blackens wood by reacting with the tannin in it.
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Ebonizing wood with iron acetate
Formation of Iron Acetate in Solution
(2:15) by Chad, the C (2017年09月01日).
Three Practical Ways to Ebonize Wood
(39:30) by Les Casteel (2013年10月30日).
Shellac flakes.
Shellac is the traditional finish of choice for natural wood, with of without prior staining. The first coat seals the wood very well already. It dries very quickly (one hour between coat is enough). Sanding between coats is optional (it serves only to make the surface smoother but it's not needed to make the new coat bite into the previous one, since that's done chemically by the solvent). Do not even think to use foam brushes to apply shellac or any other lacquer! (They'd melt.) Shellac is not a good undercoat for polyurethane.
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Tung oil
|
Homer Formby (1925-).
Linseed oil
|
Shellac
|
Lacquer
|
Varnish
|
Sheen
The hype about Shellac as a sealer
by Bob Flexner (2012年09月16日).
Finishing with Shellac
(33:06) by Paul Sellers (2017年01月03日).
Finishing Seminar
(53:52) by Peter Gedrys (2011年12月29日).
Priming and Painting Wood (6:57)
by Tracy Metro (Dunn-Edwards Paints, (2014年10月14日).
Shaping staves (French: merrains made by merrandier) and fitting the heads (the flat parts of barrels, or the bottom of a bucket). Measurements for specific gallonage were secretly transmitted from one cooper to the next.
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Cooper
|
Tonnellerie Ö
|
Tonnellerie Radoux
Making a wooden bucket (52:28)
by George Smithwick, sixth generation cooper (2016年06月26日).
