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Utility library

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< cpp
 
 
Utilities library
General utilities
Relational operators (deprecated in C++20)
Integer comparison functions
(C++20)(C++20)(C++20)  
(C++20)
Swap and type operations
(C++20)
(C++14)
(C++11)
(C++11)
(C++23)
(C++11)
(C++17)
Common vocabulary types
(C++11)
(C++17)
(C++17)
(C++17)
(C++11)
(C++17)
(C++23)


 

C++ includes a variety of utility libraries that provide functionality ranging from bit-counting to partial function application. These libraries can be broadly divided into two groups:

  • language support libraries, and
  • general-purpose libraries.

Contents

[edit] Language support

Language support libraries provide classes and functions that interact closely with language features and support common language idioms.

[edit] Implementation properties (since C++20)

The header <version> supplies implementation-dependent information about the C++ standard library (such as the version number and release date). It also defines the library feature-test macros.

[edit] Type support

Basic types (e.g. std::size_t , std::nullptr_t ), RTTI (e.g. std::type_info )

[edit] Program utilities

Termination (e.g. std::abort , std::atexit ), environment (e.g. std::system ), signals (e.g. std::raise ).

[edit] Dynamic memory management

Smart pointers (e.g. std::shared_ptr ), allocators (e.g. std::allocator or std::pmr::memory_resource ), C-style memory management (e.g. std::malloc ).

[edit] Error handling

Exceptions (e.g. std::exception , std::terminate ), assertions (e.g. assert ).

[edit] Variadic functions

Support for functions that take an arbitrary number of parameters (via e.g. va_start , va_arg , va_end ).

[edit] Initializer lists (since C++11)

Defined in header <initializer_list>
references a temporary array created in list-initialization
(class template) [edit]

[edit] Source code information capture (since C++20)

Defined in header <source_location>
a class representing information about the source code, such as file names, line numbers, and function names
(class) [edit]

[edit] Three-way comparison (since C++20)

Defined in header <compare>
specifies that operator <=> produces consistent result on given types
(concept) [edit]
the result type of 3-way comparison that supports all 6 operators, is not substitutable, and allows incomparable values
(class) [edit]
the result type of 3-way comparison that supports all 6 operators and is not substitutable
(class) [edit]
the result type of 3-way comparison that supports all 6 operators and is substitutable
(class) [edit]
named comparison functions
(function) [edit]
constrained function object implementing x <=> y
(class) [edit]
obtains the result type of the three-way comparison operator <=> on given types
(class template) [edit]
the strongest comparison category to which all of the given types can be converted
(class template) [edit]
performs 3-way comparison and produces a result of type std::strong_ordering
(customization point object)[edit]
(C++20)
performs 3-way comparison and produces a result of type std::weak_ordering
(customization point object)[edit]
performs 3-way comparison and produces a result of type std::partial_ordering
(customization point object)[edit]
performs 3-way comparison and produces a result of type std::strong_ordering, even if operator<=> is unavailable
(customization point object)[edit]
performs 3-way comparison and produces a result of type std::weak_ordering, even if operator<=> is unavailable
(customization point object)[edit]
performs 3-way comparison and produces a result of type std::partial_ordering, even if operator<=> is unavailable
(customization point object)[edit]

[edit] Coroutine support (since C++20)

Types for coroutine support (e.g. std::coroutine_traits , std::coroutine_handle ).

[edit] Contract support (since C++26)

Types for contract support (e.g. std::contracts::contract_violation).

[edit] General-purpose utilities

[edit] Swap

Defined in header <utility>
swaps the values of two objects
(function template) [edit]
(C++14)
replaces the argument with a new value and returns its previous value
(function template) [edit]
Defined in header <concepts>
swaps the values of two objects
(customization point object)[edit]

[edit] Type operations (since C++11)

Defined in header <utility>
(C++11)
forwards a function argument and use the type template argument to preserve its value category
(function template) [edit]
forwards a function argument as if casting it to the value category and constness of the expression of specified type template argument
(function template) [edit]
(C++11)
converts the argument to an xvalue
(function template) [edit]
converts the argument to an xvalue if the move constructor does not throw
(function template) [edit]
(C++17)
obtains a reference to const to its argument
(function template) [edit]
(C++11)
obtains a reference to an object of the template type argument for use in an unevaluated context
(function template) [edit]
converts an enumeration to its underlying type
(function template) [edit]

[edit] Integer comparison functions (since C++20)

Defined in header <utility>
compares two integer values, ensuring that signed negative numbers are less than unsigned numbers
(function template) [edit]
(C++20)
checks if an integer value is in the range of a given integer type
(function template) [edit]

[edit] Relational operators (until C++20)

Defined in header <utility>
Defined in namespace std::rel_ops
automatically generates comparison operators based on user-defined operator== and operator<
(function template) [edit]

[edit] Construction tags (since C++11)

Defined in header <utility>
piecewise construction tag
(tag)[edit]
in-place construction tag
(tag)[edit]
value construction tag
(tag)[edit]

[edit] Pairs and tuples

Defined in header <utility>
implements binary tuple, i.e. a pair of values
(class template) [edit]
Defined in header <tuple>
(C++11)
implements fixed size container, which holds elements of possibly different types
(class template) [edit]
(C++17)
calls a function with a tuple of arguments
(function template) [edit]
construct an object with a tuple of arguments
(function template) [edit]
Tuple protocol (since C++11)
Defined in header <tuple>
Defined in header <utility>
Defined in header <array>
Defined in header <ranges>
Defined in header <complex>
(C++11)
obtains the number of elements of a tuple-like type
(class template) [edit]
obtains the element types of a tuple-like type
(class template) [edit]

[edit] Sum types and type erased wrappers (since C++17)

Defined in header <optional>
(C++17)
a wrapper that may or may not hold an object
(class template) [edit]
 
Defined in header <expected>
(C++23)
a wrapper that contains either an expected or error value
(class template) [edit]
 
Defined in header <variant>
(C++17)
a type-safe discriminated union
(class template) [edit]
 
Defined in header <any>
(C++17)
objects that hold instances of any CopyConstructible type
(class) [edit]

[edit] Bitset

Defined in header <bitset>
implements constant length bit array
(class template) [edit]

[edit] Bit manipulation (since C++20)

The header <bit> provides several function templates to access, manipulate, and process individual bits and bit sequences. The byte ordering (endianness) of scalar types can be inspected via std::endian facility.

[edit] Function objects (since C++11)

Partial function application (e.g. std::bind ) and related utilities: utilities for binding such as std::ref and std::placeholders , polymorphic function wrappers: std::function , predefined functors (e.g. std::plus , std::equal_to ), pointer-to-member to function converters std::mem_fn .

[edit] Hash support (since C++11)

Defined in header <functional>
(C++11)
hash function object
(class template) [edit]

[edit] See also

C documentation for Utility library
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