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    • Thrombosis
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  • Miscellaneous
  • Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with PDGFRA rearrangement
  • Morphologic variants of normal cells
    • Morphologic variants of platelets/megakaryocytes
      • Grey platelet syndrome
      • Hypogranular platelets
      • Large and giant platelets
      • May-Hegglin
      • Micromegakaryocytes
      • Small platelets
    • Morphologic variants of Red Blood Cells/precursors
      • Normal Red blood cell morphology with resting lymphocyte for comparison
        • Anisocytosis
          • Macrocytosis
          • Microcytosis
        • Color
          • Hypochromia
          • Polychromasia
        • Inclusions
          • Coarse basophilic stippling
          • Heinz body (supravital stain)
          • Hemoglobin C crystals
          • Hemoglobin H inclusions
          • Howell-Jolly bodies
          • nRBC
          • Pappenheimer bodies
          • Reticulocyte (supravital stain)
        • Other
          • Cold agglutinin
          • Leukoerythroblastic picture
          • Rouleaux
        • Poikilocytosis
          • Acanthocytes
          • Blister cells
          • Echinocytes (Burr)
          • Elliptocytosis/ovalocytes
          • Oxidative changes (bite cell)
          • Schistocytes (Helmet, keratocyte)
          • Sickle cells
          • Spherocytes
          • Stomatocytes
          • Target cells
          • Teardrop (dacrocyte) cells
      • Abnormal Rouleax formation
      • Erythroid Precursors
    • Morphologic variants of white blood cells
      • Abnormal lymphocytes
        • Large granular lymphocyte
        • Reactive lymphocyte
          • Epstein-Barr Virus
          • Pertussis
      • Histiocyte/macrophage in peripheral blood
      • Neutrophil
        • Abnormal neutrophils
          • Alder Reilly
          • Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
          • Hypersegmented neutrophil
          • Hyposegmented neutrophil
          • Leukemic myeloblast with Auer rod
          • May Hegglin anomaly
          • Toxic granulation/Dohle bodies
          • True Pelger Huet
        • Normal neutrophil
      • Normal basophil
      • Normal mast cell
      • Plasma cells
  • Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
  • Normal cells
    • Lymph Node
    • Blood cells
      • Normal eosinophil
      • Normal lymphocyte
      • Normal monocyte
      • Normal platelet
    • Bone marrow cells (biopsy and aspirate)
      • Megakaryocytes
  • NK-cell enteropathy
  • Granulomatous
  • Red Cell: Other Disorders
    • Congenital erythrocytosis
    • Megaloblastic Anemia
      • Scurvy
      • Toxins (arsenic)
      • B12 / folate
      • Medications
    • Anemia of chronic disease
    • Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemias (CDA)
      • Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia, type I
      • Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia, type II
      • Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia, type III
    • Anemia in special populations
      • Newborn Anemias
      • Pregnancy/Post-partum Anemia
    • Bone/metabolic disease
      • Oxalosis
      • Anemia of renal osteodystrophy
    • Red Cell Aplasia
  • Red Cell: Disorders of Iron Metabolism and Heme Synthesis
    • Iron Deficiency and related disorders
      • Acquired
        • Iron Deficiency
      • Hereditary
    • Sideroblastic anemias
      • Reversible Sideroblastic anemias
      • Hereditary/Congenital Sideroblastic Anemia
        • X-linked Sideroblastic anemia
        • Sideroblastic anemia in genetic syndromes
          • XLSA with ataxia
          • Thaimine-responsive Megaloblastic anemia
          • MItochondrial Myopathy, lactic acidosis and Sideroblastic anemia
          • Pearson Marrow-Pancreas Syndrome
      • Acquired/Reversible Sideroblastic Anemias
        • Alcoholism
        • Copper deficiency
        • Drugs/medication
        • Lead poisoning
        • Myelodysplastic Syndromes
        • Pyridoxine deficiency
    • Hemochromatosis
      • Primary hemochromatosis
        • Hereditary conditions affecting the hepcidin/ferroportin axis
          • Ferroportin disease- hereditary hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome
          • Hemojuvelin Hemochromatosis
          • Hepcidin Hemochromatosis
          • HFE Hemochromatosis in Caucasians
          • Transferrin Receptor 2 Hemochromatosis
      • Secondary hemochromatosis
      • x linked (and other) hereditary sideroblastic anmia
        • Other hereditary conditions
          • Aceruloplasminemia
          • African Iron Overload
          • Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria
          • Erythropoietic Protoporphyria
          • Hepatoerythropoietic Porphyria
          • Hereditary Coporporphyria (type acute intermittent)
          • Hypogranular eosinophils (eosinophil count will be falsely low)
          • Melanesian Iron Overload
          • Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
          • Porphyria Variegate (type acute intermittent)
        • Conditions of ineffective erythropoiesis
          • Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemias
          • Alcohol abuse
          • Autoimmune disorders
          • Hemoglobin E/β-Thalassemia
          • Hemoglobin H Disease
          • Hereditary and Acquired Sideroblastic Anemias
          • β-thalassemia Major and Intermedia
        • Multiple blood transfusions
    • Poryphyrias
  • Red Cell: Hemolytic Anemia (HA)
    • Non-autoimmune
    • Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
    • Paroxysmal Noctural Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
    • HS/HE and RBC membrane or enzyme Disorders
    • Hereditary HA due to Enzyme Deficiency
    • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias
      • Cold-active antibodies
        • Cold agglutinin disease (CAD)
          • Primary CAD
          • Secondary CAD
            • Lymphoproliferative diseases
            • Autoimmune
            • Infectious
              • Mycoplasma
              • Infectious mononucleosis
              • Other viruses
        • Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria
          • Syphilis
          • Measles, mumps and other viruses
      • Warm-active antibodies
        • Idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)
        • Secondary autoimmune HA (AIHA)
          • Lymphoproliferative disorders
          • Autoimmune and immunodeficiency
          • Malignancy
          • Viral
        • Drug-induced HA
          • Drug adsorption (penicillin)
          • Neoantigen type (quinidine/stibophen)
          • Autoimmune (alphamethyl dopa)
          • Non-immune (Cephalosporins)
      • Mixed cold- and warm-active antibodies
      • Transplant-associated HA
        • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
        • Solid organ transplant
          • Passenger lymphocyte syndrome
          • Passive antibody transfer
    • Alloimmune HA of fetus/neonate
    • Acquired non-immune HAs
      • Drugs and toxin-related HAs
      • Venom-induced HAs
      • Infection-related hemolysis
      • Thermal Hemolysis
      • Fragmentation Hemolysis
        • Large vessel-related HA
        • Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemias
          • March Hemoglobinura
          • Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
          • Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
  • Red Cell: Hemoglobin disorder
    • Sickle cell anemia and related sickling syndromes
      • Sickle cell trait
      • Sickle cell Anemia (HbSS)
    • Thalassemia and related
    • Other Hemoglobin (Unstable, M-Hb and others)
    • Qualitative disorders
      • Sickle Cell Anemia (HbS)
      • Unstable hemoglobins
      • Methemoglobin
      • Hemoglobin C
    • Quantitative disorders (thalassemias)
      • Alpha-thalassemia
        • Silent carrier (-a/aa)
        • Trait (-a/-a)
        • HbH disease (-a/--)
        • Hydrops fetalis (--/--)
      • Beta-thalassemia
      • Delta-beta thalassemia
    • Combined hemoglobin disorders
    • Thalassemias
    • Other Congenital Hemoglobinopathies
      • Other Congenital Hemoglobinopathies
      • Unstable hemoglobins and Methemoglobins
  • Underproduction Anemias
    • Acquired aplastic anemia
      • Benzene/environmental toxins
      • Drugs/chemicals
      • Immune-mediated
      • PNH (clonal)
      • Pregnancy
      • Radiation
      • Viruses (ALSO LINK TO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SECTION)
        • Epstein-Barr Virus
        • Hepatitis
        • Parvovirus
    • Alcoholism
    • Pure Red Cell Aplasia
      • ABO incompatible transplant
      • Anemia of prematurity
      • Autoimmune disease
      • Drugs
      • End stage renal disease- erythropoietin antibodies
      • Paraneoplastic
        • Lymphoma
        • Thymoma
      • Parvovirus
      • Transient Erythroblastopenia of childhood
  • Macrophage/Histiocytic and dendritic cell Neoplasms and disorders (2015)
    • L group
      • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)
      • Indeterminate cell histiocytosis
      • Erdheim-Chester disease
      • Mixed LCH/ECD
    • C group
      • Cutaneous non-LCH
        • Xanthogranuloma family (JXG, AXG, SRH, BCH, GEH, PNH)
        • Non-XG family (cutaneous RDD, NXG, other NOS)
      • Cutaneous non-LCH with major systemic component
    • R group
      • Familial Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD)
      • Sporadic RDD
        • Classical RDD
        • Extranodal RDD
        • RDD with neoplasia or immune disease
        • Unclassified RDD
    • M group
      • Primary Malignant Histiocytosis
      • Secondary Malignant Histiocytosis (following another hematologic neoplasia)
    • H group
      • Primary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
      • Secondary HLH (non-Mendelian)
      • HLH of unknown/uncertain origin
    • Benign
    • Other reactive and neoplastic Macrophage/dendritic lesions
      • Histocytic sarcoma
      • Langerhans Cell histiocytosis
      • Non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis
      • Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic cell Neoplasm
      • Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma
  • Lymph Node and Spleen: Reactive/infectious
    • Reactive nodal processes
      • Unicentric Castleman disease
      • Progressive transformation of germinal centers
      • IgG4-related adenopathy
      • Sinus histiocytosis
      • Follicular hyperplasia
      • Dermatopathic lymphadenitis
    • Benign Splenic lesions
      • Littoral cell angioma
      • Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation
    • Infectious processes
      • EBV-related reactive lymphoid proliferations
        • Infectious mononucleosis
        • EBV reactivation
      • Herpes Simplex lymphadenitis
      • Granulomatous, Necrotizing
        • Cat Scratch Disease
  • Lymphoma: Hodgkin Lymphoma
    • Hodgkin mimic 1-EBV+Large B-Cell Lymphoma sometime resembling T-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma. (may be esoteric, but clinically relevant to make the distinction)
    • Hodgkin mimic 2: Follicular variant of Peripheral T-cell lymphomas. (may be esoteric, but clinically relevant to make the distinction)
    • Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
      • Classical Hodgkin lymphoma type post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
      • Immunostains 101 in cHL
      • Nodular sclerosis classical Hodgkin Lymphoma, Epstein Barr Virus negative and Epstein Barr Virus positive
      • Lymphocyte rich subtype (LRcHL)
      • Mixed cellularity subtype (MCcHL)
      • Nodular sclerosis subtype
      • Lymphocyte-depleted subtype (LDcHL)
    • Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma
      • Borderline case with progression to T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma
      • Immunostains 101 in NLPHL
      • Typical pattern NLPHL
      • Variant pattern NLPHL
  • Lymphoma: Mature B-cell and Plasma cell Neoplasms
    • B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma
    • Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders
      • Monomorphic: Plasmacytoma-like
    • Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
    • Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis
    • Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
    • Low-grade B-cell lymphoma
      • Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis
      • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
        • Richter Transformation
          • DLBCL variant-RT
          • Hodgkin variant-RT
      • Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma
        • Pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma
      • Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
      • Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)
      • Follicular Lymphoma
        • Transformed follicular lymphoma
        • Duodenal-type follicular lymphoma
        • In situ follicular neoplasia*
      • Pediatric type follicular lymphoma
      • Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma
    • Mantle cell Lymphoma
      • Blastoid variant
      • In Situ Mantle cell Neoplasia (isMCN)*
    • B-Prolymphocytic Leukemia
    • Large B-cell lymphomas (not Richter transformation)
      • Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type
      • DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation
      • Large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement
      • Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma, not otherwise specified
        • Germinal center B-cell type
        • Activated B-cell type
      • T-cell/histiocyte rich large B-cell lymphoma
      • Primary DLBCL of the central nervous system
      • Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma
      • Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
      • ALK+ large B-cell lymphoma
      • Plasmablastic lymphoma
      • High grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC, BCL2 and/or BCL6 translocations*
      • High grade B-cell lymphoma, NOS
      • B-cell lymphoma unclassifiable with features intermediate between DLBCL and cHL
      • Burkitt Lymphoma
      • Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration*
    • Splenic lymphomas
      • Splenic B-cell lymphoma/leukemia, unclassifiable
        • Splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma
        • Hairy cell leukemia-variant
      • Hairy Cell Leukemia
      • Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma
    • Virus-associated lymphoproliferations
      • EBV⁺ DLBCL, NOS^*
      • Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
      • HHV8-associated lymphoproliferative disorders
        • Multicentric Castleman Disease (MCD)
        • HHV8-positive DLBCL, nos
        • HHV8+ germinotropic lymphoproliferative disorder
      • Primary effusion lymphoma
      • EBV+ Mucocutaneous Ulcer (WHO 2016)
    • Heavy Chain disease
      • Mu Heavy chain disease
      • alpha Heavy chain disease
      • Gamma heavy chain disease
    • Plasma Cell Neoplasm
      • Immunoglobulin Light-Chain Amyloidosis
      • Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), IgM⁺
      • Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), IgG/A⁺
      • Plasma cell myeloma
      • Plasmacytoma
        • Extraosseous plasmacytoma
      • Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD)
  • Lymphoma: Mature T and NK cell lymphoproliferations
    • EBV+ T- and NK-cell lymphoproliferations
      • Systemic EBV+ T-cell Lymphoma
      • Aggressive NK-cell Leukemia
      • Extranodal NK and T-cell Lymphoma
        • Extranodal NK and T-cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type
        • Extranodal NK and T-cell Lymphoma, Non-nasal Type
      • Nodal Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma, EBV+
      • EBV+ Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
      • Chronic Active EBV Infection
        • Systemic Chronic Active EBV Infection
        • Cutaneous Chronic Active EBV Infection
          • Hydroa Vacciniforme-like Lymphoproliferative Disorder
          • Severe Mosquito Bite Allergy
    • NK-cell enteropathy
    • Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma
      • Cutaneous manifestations of CAEBV
        • Hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoma
        • Severe mosquito bite allergy
      • Primary cutaneous CD8-positive aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma
      • Primary cutaneous acral CD8+ T-cell lymphoma
      • Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (WHO 2017)
      • Mycosis Fungoides
        • Folliculotropic MF
      • Primary Cutaneous CD30-positive T-cell Lymphoproliferative disorders
        • Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
        • Lymphomatoid Papulosis
      • Primary Cutaneous Gamma-Delta T-cell Lymphoma
      • Subcutaneous Panniculitis like T-cell Lymphoma
    • Mature T-cell Leukemias
      • Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
      • Aggressive NK Cell Leukemia
      • Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorders of NK Cells
      • T-cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia
      • Sezary Syndrome
      • T cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia
    • Mature T-cell Lymphomas
      • Gastro-intestinal T-cell lymphomas
        • Enteropathy-associated T-cell Lymphoma
        • Monomorphic Epitheliotropic Intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL; WHO 2017)
        • Intestinal T-cell lymphoma, NOS
        • Indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the GI tract (WHO 2017)
        • Hepatosplenic T-cell Lymphoma
      • Breast Implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma
      • Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, ALK negative
      • Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, ALK positive
      • Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma and other follicular helper T-cell nodal lymphomas
        • Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
        • Follicular T-cell lymphoma (WHO 2017)
        • Nodal PTCL with TFH phenotype
      • Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, not otherwise specified
      • Extranodal NK and T-cell Lymphoma, nasal type
      • Epstein Barr Virus-positive T-cell Lymphoproliferative disorders of childhood
  • Lymphoma: Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder
    • Non-destructive Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder
      • Plasmacytic Hyperplasia
      • Infectious Mononucleosis
      • Florid Follicular Hyperplasia
    • Polymorphic Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder
    • Monomorphic Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder
      • T-cell Neoplasms
        • Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma, NOS
        • Hepatosplenic T-cell Lymphoma
        • Other
      • B-cell Neoplasms
        • Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
        • Burkitt Lymphoma
        • Plasma Cell Myeloma
        • Plasmacytoma
        • Other
    • Classic Hodgkin Cell Lymphoma Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder
  • Myeloid Neoplasms and acute leukemia (WHO 2016)
    • Myeloid neoplasms with germline predisposition

      • Without a pre-existing disorder or organ dysfunction

        • Acute myeloid leukemia with germline CEBPA mutation

        • Myeloid neoplasms with germline DDX41 mutation

      • With pre-existing platelet disorders

        • Myeloid neoplasms with germline RUNX1 mutation

        • Myeloid neoplasms with germline ANKRD26 mutation

        • Myeloid neoplasms with germline ETV6 mutation

      • With other organ dysfunction

        • Myeloid neoplasms with germline GATA2 mutation

        • Myeloid neoplasms with associated bone marrow failure syndromes

        • Myeloid neoplasms associated with telomere biology disorders

        • Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) associated with neurofibromatosis, Noonan syndrome or Noonan syndrome-like disorders

    • Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN)
      • Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia
        • Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia-1 vs Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia-2
      • Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, not otherwise specified
        • Refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts associated with thrombosis
      • Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (aCML), BCR-ABL1 negative
      • Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML)
      • MDS/MPN with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN-RS-T)
    • Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and gene rearrangement
      • Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with PDGFRA rearrangement
      • Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with PDGFRB rearrangement
      • Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with FGFR1 rearrangement
      • Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with PCM1-JAK2 (provisional)
    • Precursor Lymphoid Neoplasms
      • T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
        • Early T-cell precursor lymphoblastic leukemia (provisional)
      • B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
        • B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, BCR-ABL-like (provisional)
        • B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with iAMP21 (provisional)
        • B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma, not otherwise specified
        • B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma, with recurrent genetic abnormalities
          • B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma with t(5;14)(q31;q32); IL3-IGH
          • B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma with t(9;22)(q34;q11.2); BCR-ABL1
          • B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma with hyperdiploidy
          • B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma with hypodiploidy
          • B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma with t(1;19)(q23;p13.3); TCF3-PBX1
          • B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma with t(12;21)(p13;q22); ETV6-RUNX1
          • B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma with t(v;11q23); KMT2A rearranged
      • Natural Killer (NK) cell lymphoblastic leukemia (provisional)
    • Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN)
      • Essential Thrombocythemia
      • Polycythemia Vera (PV)
        • Post-polycythemic myelofibrosis
        • Proliferative phase
      • MPN, unclassifiable
      • Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML), BCR-ABL1+
        • Accelerated phase
        • Blast phase
          • Bone marrow core biopsy:
          • Extramedullary blast proliferation
          • Peripheral blood
        • Chronic phase
      • Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia (CNL)
      • Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF)
        • PMF, over fibrotic stage
        • PMF, Prefibrotic/early stage
      • Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia, not otherwise specified (NOS)
    • Acute Myeloid Leukemia
      • Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm
      • AML with multilineage dysplasia
      • Acute Myeloid Leukemia with recurrent genetic abnormalities
        • AML (megakaryoblastic) with t(1;22)(p13;q13); RBM15-MKL1
        • AML with inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22); CBFB-MYH11
        • AML with inv(3)(q21q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21;q26.2); GATA2, MECOM
        • AML with mutated CEBPA
        • AML with mutated NPM1
        • AML with t(15;17)(q22;q12); PML-RARA (and variants)
        • AML with t(6;9)(p23;q34); DEK-NUP214
        • AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22); RUNX1-RUNX1T1
        • AML with t(9;11)(p22;q23); MLLT3-KMT2A
        • AML with BCR-ABL1 (provisional)
        • AML with mutated RUNX1 (provisional)
      • AML not otherwise specified
        • Erythroleukemia, erythroid/myeloid
        • Pure erythroid leukemia
        • AML without maturation
        • Acute basophilic leukemia
        • Acute erythroid leukemia
        • Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
        • Acute monoblastic/monocytic leukemia
        • Acute myelomonocytic leukemia
        • Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis
        • AML with maturation
        • AML with minimal differentiation
      • Myeloid proliferations related to Down syndrome
        • Transient abnormal myelopoiesis
        • Myeloid Leukemia associated with Down Syndrome
      • Myeloid sarcoma
      • Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms
      • Acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes
    • Acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage
      • Acute undifferentiated leukemia
      • Mixed phenotype acute leukemia with t(9;22)(q34;q11.2); BCR-ABL1
      • Mixed phenotype acute leukemia with t(v;11q23); KMT2A rearranged
      • Mixed phenotype acute leukemia, B/myeloid, NOS
      • Mixed phenotype acute leukemia, T/myeloid, NOS
        • Myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome
        • Transient abnormal myelopoiesis
    • Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
      • Childhood Myelodysplastic Syndrome
      • Hypocellular Myelodysplastic Syndromes
      • Refractory Anemia with Multilineage Dysplasia
      • Myelodysplastic syndrome with isolated del(5q)
      • Refractory cytopenia of childhood (provisional)
      • MDS with excess blasts
      • MDS with Ring Sideroblasts (MDS-RS)
        • MDS-RS and single lineage dysplasia
        • MDS-RS with multilineage dysplasia
      • MDS with single lineage dysplasia
      • MDS with multilineage dysplasia
      • Myeloid Neoplasms with germline predisposition
    • Mastocytosis
      • Cutaneous Mastocytosis (CM)
      • Systemic Mastocytosis (SM)
        • Indolent Systemic Mastocytosis (ISM)
        • Smoldering Systemic Mastocytosis (SSM)
        • Systemic Mastocytosis with an associated hematological neoplasm (SM-AHN)
        • Aggressive systemic mastocytosis (ASM)
        • Mast cell leukemia (MCL)
      • Mast cell sarcoma (MCS)
    • Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm
  • Infectious Disease
    • Spirochete
    • Bacteria
      • Bordatella pertussis
      • Borrelia (relapsing fever)
      • Brucellosis
      • Capnocytophaga canimorsus
      • Coxiella
      • Ehrlichia
        • Anaplasmosis
      • Klebsiella and Pseudomonas
      • Mycobacteria
      • Pneumococcus
      • Streptococcus gallolyticus
      • Tuleremia
      • Whipples disease
    • Fungi
      • Aspergillus
      • Candida
      • Cryptococcus
      • Histoplasmosis
      • Mucor
      • Pneumocystis
    • Parasites
      • Babesia
      • Filarasis
        • Wucheria bancrofti
      • Leishmania
      • Malaria
        • P. falciparum
        • P. vivax
      • Toxoplasmosis
      • Trypanosomes
    • Viruses
      • Epstein-Barr Virus
        • Lymph node
        • Marrow
        • Mononucleosis –peripheral blood
        • Spleen
      • Hantavirus
      • Herpes
      • Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
      • Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome
        • Dyserythropoiesis / dysgranulopoiesis
        • Granulomas
        • Lymphoid aggregates
        • Polyclonal plasmacytosis
        • Serous fat atrophy
      • Others:
        • H1N1
      • Parvovirus B19
  • Laboratory Hematology
    • Dyspoiesis
    • Special hematology tests
      • Acid elution (KB test)
      • Esoteric Red blood cell testing
      • G6PD qualitative testing
      • Iron stain
      • Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score
      • Myeloperoxidase stain
      • NSE stain
      • PAS stain
      • Reticulin stain
      • Rosette test
      • Sed rate
      • Sickle screen
      • Serum Protein Electrophoresis/Urine Protein Electrophoresis
      • Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase stain
      • Trichrome stain
    • Specimen collection
    • Instrumentation / general techniques
    • Body fluids: abnormal cells and microorganisms with cross-references to specific diagnoses when appropriate
      • Bacteria in body fluids
      • Blasts in cerebral spinal fluid
      • Crystals
      • Fungal elements in body fluids
      • Lymphoma cells in cerebral spinal fluid
      • Metastatic tumor cells in body fluids
      • Miscellaneous findings in body fluids
      • Plasma cells in cerebral spinal fluid
    • Basic cell morphology
      • Irregularly contracted cells
      • Red cell inclusions and abnormalities
        • Pincer/mushroom shaped cells
        • Cabot ring
        • Coarse basophilic stippling
        • Cold agglutini
        • Cryoglobulin
        • Dimorphic red blood cells
        • Erythroid precursors
        • Heinz body
        • Hemoglobin C crystals
        • Hemoglobin H inclusions
        • Howell-Jolly bodies
        • Leukoerythroblastic picture
        • Nucleated Red Blood Cell
        • Pappenheimer bodies
        • Polychromasia
        • Red cell rosette
        • Reticulocyte
        • Rouleaux
      • Red Blood Cell shape abnormalities
        • Normal red blood cell morphology
        • Acanthocytes
        • Anisocytosis
        • Blister/bite cells
        • Echinocytes
        • Elliptocytes
        • Hypochromia
        • Keratocytes
        • Macrocytosis
        • Microcytosis
        • Oval macrocytes
        • Oxidative changes
        • Poikilocytosis
        • Schistocytes
        • Sickle cells
        • Spherocytes
        • Stomatocytes
        • Target cells
        • Teardrop cells
      • Morphologic variants of white blood cells
        • Alder Reilly
        • Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
        • Degranulated basophil
        • Hematogones
        • Histiocyte/macrophage – storage disease
          • Gaucher
          • Niemann Pick
        • Histiocyte/macrophage in peripheral blood
        • Hypersegmented neutrophil
        • Hyposegmented neutrophil
          • True Pelger Huet
        • Large granular lymphocyte
        • Leukemic myeloblast with Auer rod
        • Lymphoid leukocytosis
        • May Hegglin Anomaly
        • Metamyelocyte
        • Myeloblast
        • Myeloid leukocytosis
        • Necrobiotic/degenerated neutrophil
        • Normal band neutrophil
        • Normal basophil
        • Normal eosinophil
        • Normal lymphocyte
        • Normal mast cell
        • Normal monocyte
        • Normal neutrophil
        • Phagocytosed material
        • Plasma cells
        • Polyclonal B cell lymphocytosis – lobated lymphocyte nuclei
        • Promonocyte
        • Promyelocyte
        • Reactive lymphocyte
          • Epstein Barr Virus
          • Pertussis
        • Toxic granulation/Dohle bodies
      • Morphologic variants of platelets (cross-reference with specific diagnoses when appropriate
        • Grey platelet syndrome
        • Hypogranular platelets
        • Large and giant platelets
        • Megakaryocytes
        • Micromegakaryocytes
        • Normal platelet
        • Platelet aggregates and satellitosis
        • Small platelets
    • Basics of automated cell counts
      • Calculations used in CBC reporting
      • Causes of inaccurate platelet counts
        • Falsely high platelet counts
          • Cryoglobulins
          • Heating blood sample
          • Hemoglobin H disease
          • Hyperlipidemia
          • Microcytic Red blood cells or red cell fragments
          • Microorganisms
          • White cell fragments
        • Falsely low platelet counts
          • Giant platelets
          • Platelet clumps
          • Platelet phagocytosis
          • Platelet satellitosis
          • Specimen clotting
      • Causes of inaccurate Red Blood Cells counts
        • Cold agglutinin
        • Cryoglobulins
        • High White blood cell
        • Hyperlipidemia
        • Hyperosmolar states
        • Hypo-osmolar states
        • In vitro lysis
        • Increased ambient temperature
        • Large platelets
        • Microcytosis
        • Other causes of agglutination (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)
        • Paraprotein/hypergammaglobulinemia
      • Causes of inaccurate white blood cell counts
        • Delay in testing
          • Decreased neutrophil counts
          • Some analzyers misclassifying cells after prolonged storage
        • Falsely high neutrophil count
          • Hypogranular eosinophils (EO count will be falsely low)
          • Lymphocyte aggregation
        • Falsely low neutrophil count
          • Delayed testing
          • Hypogranular or hypolobated neutrophils (may be counted as lymphocytes)
          • Neutrophil aggregation
        • Non-lysis of red cells --> falsely high WBC and lymphocyte counts
          • Hyperlipidemia
          • Neonatal Red blood cells
          • Neutrophil aggregation
          • Some hemoglobinopathies (C,S,D,G)
        • Parasites (malaria) --> falsely high neutophil and monocyte counts; falsely high eosinophil counts due to malarial pigment in neutrophils
    • General information about ancillary testing
      • Cytogenetics
      • Flow cytometry
      • Molecular testing
    • Non-hematopoietic malignancies involving the blood or bone marrow
      • Other Metastatic Malignancy
      • Metastatic Carcinoma
      • Metastatic Neuroblastoma
    • Normal and reactive bone marow
  • Hemostasis and coagulation
    • Bleeding disorders
      • Platelet abnormalities
        • Thrombocytopenia
          • Artifactual thrombocytopenia
            • Pseudothrombocytopenia
            • Platelet satellitism
            • Giant platelets
          • Decreased Platelet production
            • Hypoplasia of megakaryocytes
            • Ineffective thrombopoiesis
            • Acquired Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
          • Increased platelet destruction
            • Immune thrombocytopenia
              • Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
              • Secondary causes
            • Alloimmune Neonatal Thrombocytopenia
            • Post-transfusion purpura
            • Thrombotic microangiopathies
              • Disseminated intravascular coagulation
              • Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
              • Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
            • Secondary to infection
            • Secondary to massive transfusion
          • Abnormal platelet distribution
            • Disorders of spleen
            • Hypothermia
          • Congenital thrombocytopenia
            • May-Hegglin anomaly
            • Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
            • Thrombocytopenia with absent radius syndrome
            • MYH9-related disorder
              • May-Hegglin anomaly
              • Sebastian anomaly
              • Fechtner anomaly
              • Epstein anomaly
            • Gray platelet syndrome
            • Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
            • DiGeorge syndrome (22q11 deletion syndrome)
        • Thrombocytosis
          • Reactive/Secondary
          • Clonal/Primary
          • Inherited
        • Inherited disorders of platelet function
          • Abnormalities of adhesive protein receptors
            • Bernard-Soulier syndrome (glycoprotein Ib-IX deficiency)
            • Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (glycoprotein IIb-IIIa deficiency)
          • Abnormalities of G protein-coupled receptors
          • Defects of platelet granules
            • Isolated δ storage pool deficiency
            • Hermansky-Pudlack syndrome
            • Chediak-Higashi syndrome
            • Gray platelet syndrome
            • α/δ-Storage pool deficiency
            • Paris-Trousseau syndrome
          • Signal transduction protein defects
            • G-Protein defects
            • Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 defect
            • Cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) deficiency
            • Phospholipase C deficiency
            • Thromboxane synthase deficiency
          • Defects of transcription factors
            • Familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancy (FPD/AML)
            • FLI1-related δ-granule defect
            • GATA1-defect
            • GFI1B-related defect
          • Defects of cytoskeletal proteins
            • ADAP defect
            • Filamin A defect
            • Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
          • Defects of membrane phospholipids
            • Scott syndrome
            • Stormorken syndrome
          • Enhanced platelet fibrinolytic activity
            • Quebec platelet disorder
          • Primary secretion defect
      • Vascular abnormalities
        • Mechanical purpura
        • Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telengiectasia
        • Vascular malformations
        • Vasculitis
        • Vascular obstruction (Thrombus, Emboli, Immunoglobulins, Plasma proteins)
        • Disorders of perivascular tissue
          • Ehler-Danlos disease
          • Marfan syndrome
          • Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
          • Scurvy
          • Steroid-Induced Purpura
          • Solar Purpura
      • Inherited Coagulation disorders
        • Hemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency)
        • Hemophilia B (Factor IX deficiency)
        • Individual factor deficiency (Factor V/VII/X/XI/XII/XIII)
        • Prothrombin deficiency
        • von Willebrand disease
          • Type 1
          • Type 2A
          • Type 2B
          • Type 2M
          • Type 2N
          • Type 3
        • Afibrinogenemia
        • Hypofibrinogenemia
        • Dysfibrinogenemia
        • Prekallikrein deficiency
        • High-molecular-weight kininogen deficiency
        • Deficiency of physiologic inhibitors of coagulation (α2-antiplasmin)
      • Acquired Coagulation disorders
        • Deficiencies of Vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors
        • Liver disease
        • Fibrinolysis
        • Inhibitors of coagulation
        • Massive transfusion
        • Extracorporeal circulation
    • Thrombosis
      • Acquired disorders
        • Vascular Disorders (Atherosclerosis, Diabetes, Vasculitis, Prosthetic materials)
        • Stasis (immobilization, surgery, congestive heart failure)
        • Hyperviscosity
        • Disorders Associated With Hypercoagulability
          • Cancer (Trousseau syndrome)
          • Cancer chemotherapeutic agents
          • Oral contraceptives, estrogen therapy, selective estrogen-receptor modulators
          • Pregnancy
          • Infusion of prothrombin complex concentrates and recombinant factor VIIa
          • Nephrotic syndrome
          • Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
          • Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thrombosis
          • Human immunodeficiency virus infection
      • Inherited thrombophilia
        • Factor V Leiden
        • Prothrombin gene mutation
        • Homocysteinemia
        • Protein C deficiency
        • Protein S deficiency
        • Antithrombin deficiency
        • Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
        • Plasminogen deficiency
        • Elevated factor VIII levels
        • Heparin cofactor II
        • Factor XIII polymorphisms
      • Venous thromboembolic disease
    • Miscellaneous
  • Platelet and Megakaryocyte Disorders
    • Disorders of platelet coagulant-protein interaction (Scott Syndrome)
    • Disorders of platelet secretion and abnormalities of granules
      • Dense Granule Deficiency (d-storage pool disease
      • Quebec Platelet Disorder
    • Disorders of platelet secretion and signal transduction
      • Abnormalities in arachidonic acid pathways and thromboxane A2 synthesis
        • Cyclooxygenase deficiency
        • Phospholipase A2 deficiency
        • Thromboxane synthase deficiency
      • Defects in G-proteins
        • Gαq, Gαs, Gαi Abnormalities
      • Defects in phosphatidylinositol metabolism and protein phosphorylation
        • Phospholipase C-β2 Deficiency
        • PKC-θ deficiency
      • Defects in platelet-agonist interaction (receptor defects)
        • Aggregation from the Dense Bodies of Platelets, Thromboxane A2, Collagen, Epinephrine
    • Hereditary Platelet Disorders
      • Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (glycoprotein Ib-IX deficiency or defect)
      • Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (glycoprotein IIb-IIIa deficiency)
      • Gray Platelet Syndrome (alpha-granule deficiency, alpha-storage pool disease)
      • Platelet Collagen Receptor Deficiency
      • Platelet Procoagulant Activity disorders
    • Clinical manifestations of thrombocytopenia
    • Defects related to cytoskeletal/structural proteins
      • Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome-clinical picture of eczema
      • β1-Tubulin deficiency
    • Abnormalities of transcription factors leading to functional defects
      • Friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor (Dimorphic dysmorphic platelets with giant a-granules, Paris Trousseau syndrome
      • FLI-1 (Dimorphic dysmorphic platelets with giant α-granules, Paris Trousseau syndrome
      • GATA1
      • Runt related transcription factor 1 (familial platelet dysfunction with predisposition to acute myelogenous leukemia)
    • Pseudothrombocytopenia
    • Thrombocytopenia
      • Decreased Platelet Production
        • Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia
        • Thrombocytopenia-Absent-Radius Syndrome
      • Increased destruction or consumption of platelets
        • Cardiopulmonary Bypass
        • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
        • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
        • Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
        • Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
        • Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia
    • Thrombocytosis
      • Primary
      • Secondary
  • Bone marrow failure
    • Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
    • Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome
    • Cohen Syndrome
    • Dubowitz Syndrome
    • Gray Platelet Syndrome
    • Griscelli Syndrome
    • Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome type 2
    • Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson Syndrome
    • May-Hegglin Anomaly and other MYH9-related disorders
    • Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome
    • Pelger-Huët Anomaly
    • Reticular Dysgenesis
    • Seckel Syndrome
    • Inherited Bone marrow failure syndromes
      • Fanconi Anemia
      • Dyskeratosis Congenita
    • Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome
    • Diamond-Blackfan Anemia
    • Thrombocytopenia Absent Radii Syndrome
    • Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia
    • Acquired Bone marrow failure
      • Autoimmune Myelofibrosis
      • Acquired Aplastic Anemia
      • Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
      • Parvovirus B19 infection
    • Severe Congenital Neutropenia including Kostmann Syndrome
    • Familial Platelet Disorder with associated myeloid malignancy (mutation in RUNX1)
    • Pearson Marrow-pancreas Syndrome
    • Red Cell Aplasia associated with Thymoma
    • Transient Erythroblastopenia of childhood
    • Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome and X-Linked Thrombocytopenia
    • X-linked Macrothrombocytopenia with GATA1 mutations
  • Primary Immunodeficiency (PID)
    • Predominantly antibody deficiencies
      • X-linked agammaglobulinemia
      • Hyper-IgM syndrome
      • Common variable immunodeficiency
      • IgA deficiency
      • Selective IgG Subclass deficiency
      • Other antibody deficiency, nos
    • T-cell immunodeficiencies
      • Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency
      • ZAP-70 deficiency
      • Nezelof syndrome
      • CD3gamma and CD3epsilon Deficiencies
      • Other T-cell Immunodeficiency
    • Severe Combined Immunodeficiencies (SCID)
      • T- and B-cell deficient SCID
        • RAG1/RAG2 deficiency and Omenn's syndrome
        • Reticular Dysgenesis
        • Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
      • T-cell deficient SCID
        • X-linked SCID
      • Other SCID
        • Bare lymphocyte syndrome Type I (TAP1 and TAP2 deficiency)
        • Bare lymphocyte Syndrome Type II (Class II MHC deficiency)
        • CD45 deficiency
    • Other immunodeficiencies
      • Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS)
      • DiGeorge/Velocardiofacial syndrome
      • Ataxia-Telangiectasia
      • Immunodeficiency with Albinism
        • Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
        • Griscelli syndrome
      • X-linked lymphproliferative Syndrome (XLP)
      • Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS)
      • Immunodeficiency, Centromeric Instability, Facial Anomaly Syndrome
      • Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome
      • Job's syndrome
  • Myeloid Disorders
    • Hypereosinophilic syndrome
    • Hereditary causes of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
      • Griscelli’s Syndrome
      • Autoimmune diseases (Macrophage Activation Syndrome)
      • Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome
      • Primary (Familial )HLH-5 types genetically
      • Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
      • Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
      • X-linked lymphoproliferative disease
    • Congenital Neutropenia syndromes
      • Griscelli Syndrome, Type II
      • Barth Syndrome- 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type II
      • Benign Congenital Neutropenia
      • Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia Syndrome
      • Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome
      • Cohen Syndrome
      • Cyclic Neutropenia
      • Disorders of vesicular transport
      • Dyskeratosis Congenital -
      • Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1B
      • Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome, type II
      • Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndromes (LAD types I and II)
      • Neutropenia associated with immunodeficiency syndromes
      • P14 Deficiency
      • Pearson’s Marrow-Pancreas Syndrome
      • Severe Congenital Neutropenia (Kostmann syndrome)
      • Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome
      • Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections, and Myelokathexis Syndrome
    • Acquired Neutropenia
      • Drug-induced Neutropenia
      • Neonatal Alloimmune Neutropenia
      • Neutropenia associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and bypass surgery and hemodialysis
      • Primary Autoimmune Neutropenia
      • Pseudoneutropenia
      • Secondary Autoimmune Neutropenia
        • Felty Syndrome
        • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
    • Lysosomal storage disorders
      • Gaucher
      • Niemann-Pick
    • Neutrophil function disorders
      • Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
      • Chronic Granulomatous Disease
      • Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E Syndrome
      • Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
      • May-Hegglin Anomaly
      • Myeloperoxidase Deficiency
      • Pelger-Huet Anomaly
  • Reactive Marrow
    • Bone disease
      • Hyperparathyroidism
      • Osteomalacia
      • Osteoporosis
      • Osteosclerosis
      • Paget’s disease
      • Renal osteodystrophy
    • Atypical lymphoproliferative disorders
    • Miscellaneous
      • Cystinosis
      • Oxalosis
    • normal Hematopoietic cells – covered in atlas (additional examples can go here)
      • Erythroid maturation
        • Erythroid hyperplasia
        • Erythroid hypoplasia
        • Erythroid island with central macrophage
      • Megakaryocytes
        • Immature megakaryocytes (high turnover)
      • Myeloid maturation
        • Myeloid hyperplasia
        • Myeloid hypoplasia
        • Normal
      • Osteoblasts
      • Osteoclasts
    • Reactive changes
      • Fibrosis
      • Histiocytes
        • Granulomas
        • Hemophagocytosis
        • Hemosiderin
        • Sea blue histiocytes
      • Mast cell hyperplasia
      • Necrosis
      • Reactive eosinophilia
      • Reactive lymphocytosis
        • Germinal centers
        • Lymphoid aggregates
      • Reactive plasmacytosis
        • Russell bodies / Mott cells
      • Serous fat atrophy/gelatinous transformation
    • Therapy effects
      • Biopsy site
      • Chemotherapy – regenerative changes
      • Drug-induced reversible myelodysplasia
      • Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor
      • Radiation
  • Stem Cell Transplantation
    • Post transplantation infections
    • Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease
    • Acute Graft Versus Host Disease
    • Other transplantation related complications
  • Blood Journal
  • Other Metastatic Neoplasm
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