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namespace std {
 template<class CharT> struct char_traits;
 template<> struct char_traits<char>;
 template<> struct char_traits<char8_t>;
 template<> struct char_traits<char16_t>;
 template<> struct char_traits<char32_t>;
 template<> struct char_traits<wchar_t>;
 
 template<class T> class allocator;
 
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>>
 class basic_ios;
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>>
 class basic_streambuf;
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>>
 class basic_istream;
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>>
 class basic_ostream;
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>>
 class basic_iostream;
 
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>,
 class Allocator = allocator<CharT>>
 class basic_stringbuf;
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>,
 class Allocator = allocator<CharT>>
 class basic_istringstream;
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>,
 class Allocator = allocator<CharT>>
 class basic_ostringstream;
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>,
 class Allocator = allocator<CharT>>
 class basic_stringstream;
 
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>>
 class basic_filebuf;
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>>
 class basic_ifstream;
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>>
 class basic_ofstream;
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>>
 class basic_fstream;
 
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>,
 class Allocator = allocator<CharT>>
 class basic_syncbuf;
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>,
 class Allocator = allocator<CharT>>
 class basic_osyncstream;
 
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>>
 class basic_spanbuf;
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>>
 class basic_ispanstream;
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>>
 class basic_ospanstream;
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>>
 class basic_spanstream;
 
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>>
 class istreambuf_iterator;
 template<class CharT, class Traits = char_traits<CharT>>
 class ostreambuf_iterator;
 
 using ios = basic_ios<char>;
 using wios = basic_ios<wchar_t>;
 
 using streambuf = basic_streambuf<char>;
 using istream = basic_istream<char>;
 using ostream = basic_ostream<char>;
 using iostream = basic_iostream<char>;
 
 using stringbuf = basic_stringbuf<char>;
 using istringstream = basic_istringstream<char>;
 using ostringstream = basic_ostringstream<char>;
 using stringstream = basic_stringstream<char>;
 
 using filebuf = basic_filebuf<char>;
 using ifstream = basic_ifstream<char>;
 using ofstream = basic_ofstream<char>;
 using fstream = basic_fstream<char>;
 
 using syncbuf = basic_syncbuf<char>;
 using osyncstream = basic_osyncstream<char>;
 
 using spanbuf = basic_spanbuf<char>;
 using ispanstream = basic_ispanstream<char>;
 using ospanstream = basic_ospanstream<char>;
 using spanstream = basic_spanstream<char>;
 
 using wstreambuf = basic_streambuf<wchar_t>;
 using wistream = basic_istream<wchar_t>;
 using wostream = basic_ostream<wchar_t>;
 using wiostream = basic_iostream<wchar_t>;
 
 using wstringbuf = basic_stringbuf<wchar_t>;
 using wistringstream = basic_istringstream<wchar_t>;
 using wostringstream = basic_ostringstream<wchar_t>;
 using wstringstream = basic_stringstream<wchar_t>;
 
 using wfilebuf = basic_filebuf<wchar_t>;
 using wifstream = basic_ifstream<wchar_t>;
 using wofstream = basic_ofstream<wchar_t>;
 using wfstream = basic_fstream<wchar_t>;
 
 using wsyncbuf = basic_syncbuf<wchar_t>;
 using wosyncstream = basic_osyncstream<wchar_t>;
 
 using wspanbuf = basic_spanbuf<wchar_t>;
 using wispanstream = basic_ispanstream<wchar_t>;
 using wospanstream = basic_ospanstream<wchar_t>;
 using wspanstream = basic_spanstream<wchar_t>;
 
 template<class State> class fpos;
 using streampos = fpos<char_traits<char>::state_type>;
 using wstreampos = fpos<char_traits<wchar_t>::state_type>;
 using u8streampos = fpos<char_traits<char8_t>::state_type>;
 using u16streampos = fpos<char_traits<char16_t>::state_type>;
 using u32streampos = fpos<char_traits<char32_t>::state_type>;
}
 
// deprecated
namespace std {
 class strstreambuf;
 class istrstream;
 class ostrstream;
 class strstream;
}