last modified July 16, 2023
Spring Boot MongoDB tutorial shows how to access data in MongoDB in Spring Boot framework.
Spring is a popular Java application framework and Spring Boot is an evolution of Spring which helps create stand-alone, production-grade Spring based applications easily.
MongoDB is a NoSQL cross-platform document-oriented database. It is one of the most popular databases available. MongoDB is developed by MongoDB Inc. and is published as free and open-source software.
The Spring Data MongoDB project provides integration with the MongoDB document database.
The following command can be used to install MongoDB on a Debian-based Linux.
$ sudo apt-get install mongodb
The command installs the necessary packages that come with MongoDB.
$ sudo service mongodb status mongodb start/running, process 975
With the sudo service mongodb status command we check
the status of the mongodb server.
$ sudo service mongodb start mongodb start/running, process 6448
The mongodb server is started with the sudo service mongodb start
command.
In the following example we create a simple Spring Boot application that
uses MongoDB database. Note that by default, without any specific configuration,
Spring Boot attempts to connect to a locally hosted instance of MongoDB, using
the test database name.
pom.xml src ├───main │ ├───java │ │ └───com │ │ └───zetcode │ │ │ Application.java │ │ │ MyRunner.java │ │ ├───model │ │ │ Country.java │ │ └───repository │ │ CountryRepository.java │ └───resources │ application.properties └───test └───java └───com └───zetcode MongoTest.java
This is the project structure of the Spring application.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.zetcode</groupId> <artifactId>springbootmongodb</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.6.7</version> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.6.7</version> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
This is the Maven pom.xml file.
Spring Boot starters are a set of convenient dependency descriptors which
greatly simplify Maven configuration. The spring-boot-starter-parent
has some common configurations for a Spring Boot application.
The spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb is a
starter for using MongoDB document-oriented database and Spring Data MongoDB.
The spring-boot-starter-test is a starter for testing Spring Boot
applications with libraries including JUnit, Hamcrest and Mockito.
The spring-boot-maven-plugin provides Spring Boot support in Maven, allowing us
to package executable JAR or WAR archives. Its spring-boot:run goal runs the
Spring Boot application.
spring.main.banner-mode=off logging.level.org.springframework=ERROR
In the application.properties, we turn of the Spring Boot banner
and set the logging properties. Spring Boot by default attempts to connect to
a locally hosted instance of MongoDB, using the test database.
# mongodb spring.data.mongodb.host=localhost spring.data.mongodb.port=27017 spring.data.mongodb.database=testdb
If we want to configure MongoDB, we can set the corresponding properties.
package com.zetcode.model;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document;
import java.util.Objects;
@Document
public class Country {
@Id
private String id;
private String name;
private int population;
public Country(String name, int population) {
this.name = name;
this.population = population;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getPopulation() {
return population;
}
public void setPopulation(int population) {
this.population = population;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
Country country = (Country) o;
return population == country.population &&
Objects.equals(id, country.id) &&
Objects.equals(name, country.name);
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Objects.hash(id, name, population);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Country{");
sb.append("id='").append(id).append('\'');
sb.append(", name='").append(name).append('\'');
sb.append(", population=").append(population);
sb.append('}');
return sb.toString();
}
}
This is the Country bean which has three attributes: id,
name, and population.
@Document
public class Country {
The bean is decorated with the optional @Document annotation.
@Id private String id;
The id is decorated with the @Id annotation.
Spring automatically generates a new id for a newly generated country object.
package com.zetcode.repository;
import com.zetcode.model.Country;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.MongoRepository;
public interface CountryRepository extends MongoRepository<Country, String> {
}
By extending from the MongoRepository, we get many operations out-of-the-box,
including standard CRUD operations.
package com.zetcode;
import com.zetcode.model.Country;
import com.zetcode.repository.CountryRepository;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class MyRunner implements CommandLineRunner {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyRunner.class);
@Autowired
private CountryRepository repository;
@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
repository.deleteAll();
repository.save(new Country("China", 1382050000));
repository.save(new Country("India", 1313210000));
repository.findAll().forEach((country) -> {
logger.info("{}", country);
});
}
}
We have a command line runner. In its run method
we access the MongoDB.
@Autowired private CountryRepository repository;
CountryRepository is injected with the @Autowired
annotation.
repository.deleteAll();
We delete all countries with deleteAll, if there are any.
repository.save(new Country("China", 1382050000));
We save a country with save.
repository.findAll().forEach((country) -> {
logger.info("{}", country);
});
We use the findAll method to iterate over all countries
in the database.
package com.zetcode;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
This code sets up the Spring Boot application.
package com.zetcode;
import com.zetcode.model.Country;
import com.zetcode.repository.CountryRepository;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Example;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import java.util.Optional;
import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertEquals;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class MongoTest {
@Autowired
private CountryRepository repository;
private static final int NUMBER_OF_COUNTRIES = 6;
@Before
public void init() {
repository.deleteAll();
repository.save(new Country("China", 1382050000));
repository.save(new Country("India", 1313210000));
repository.save(new Country("USA", 324666000));
repository.save(new Country("Indonesia", 260581000));
repository.save(new Country("Brazil", 207221000));
repository.save(new Country("Pakistan", 196626000));
}
@Test
public void countAllCountries() {
var countries = repository.findAll();
assertEquals(NUMBER_OF_COUNTRIES, countries.size());
}
@Test
public void countOneCountry() {
Example<Country> example = Example.of(new Country("China", 1382050000));
assertThat(repository.count(example)).isEqualTo(1L);
}
@Test
public void setsIdOnSave() {
Country nigeria = repository.save(new Country("Nigeria", 186988000));
assertThat(nigeria.getId()).isNotNull();
}
@Test
public void findOneCountry() {
Example<Country> example = Example.of(new Country("India", 1313210000));
Optional<Country> country = repository.findOne(example);
assertThat(country.get().getName()).isEqualTo("India");
}
}
We have four test methods.
@Before
public void init() {
repository.deleteAll();
repository.save(new Country("China", 1382050000));
repository.save(new Country("India", 1313210000));
repository.save(new Country("USA", 324666000));
repository.save(new Country("Indonesia", 260581000));
repository.save(new Country("Brazil", 207221000));
repository.save(new Country("Pakistan", 196626000));
}
In the init method, we save six countries.
@Test
public void countAllCountries() {
var countries = repository.findAll();
assertEquals(NUMBER_OF_COUNTRIES, countries.size());
}
We test that there are six countries in the database.
@Test
public void countOneCountry() {
Example<Country> example = Example.of(new Country("China", 1382050000));
assertThat(repository.count(example)).isEqualTo(1L);
}
This method tests that there is only one China in the database.
@Test
public void setsIdOnSave() {
Country nigeria = repository.save(new Country("Nigeria", 186988000));
assertThat(nigeria.getId()).isNotNull();
}
We test that when we save a new country, an automatically generated id is
not equal to null.
@Test
public void findOneCountry() {
Example<Country> example = Example.of(new Country("India", 1313210000));
Optional<Country> country = repository.findOne(example);
assertThat(country.get().getName()).isEqualTo("India");
}
We test that findOne methods finds one country, namely India.
In this article we have learned how to use MongoDB in a Spring Boot application.
My name is Jan Bodnar, and I am a passionate programmer with extensive programming experience. I have been writing programming articles since 2007. To date, I have authored over 1,400 articles and 8 e-books. I possess more than ten years of experience in teaching programming.