FY2009 Settlement
- Illustrated -
Ministry of Internal Affairs
and Communications
White Paper on
Local Public Finance, 2011
The Role of Local Public Finance 1
The Status of Local Public Finance 4
FY2009 Settlement Overview.
........................................................................................ 4
Scale of Account Settlement.
......................................................................................... 5
Revenue and Expenditure Settlement........................................................................... 5
Revenues........................................................................................................................ 6
1. Revenue Breakdown............................................................................................... 6
2. Revenue Trends.
.................................................................................................... 7
3. Local Taxes.
......................................................................................................... 8
4. Local Allocation Tax...............................................................................................11
Expenditures.................................................................................................................13
1. Expenses by Function.............................................................................................13
2. Expenses by Type.
.................................................................................................16
Flexibility of the Financial Structure.............................................................................19
1. Ordinary Balance Ratio...........................................................................................19
2. Real Debt Service Ratio and Debt Service Payment Ratio....................................................20
Outstanding Local Government Borrowing..................................................................21
1. Trends in Outstanding Local Government Borrowing..........................................................21
2. Outstanding Local Finance Borrowing..........................................................................22
Local Public Enterprises................................................................................................23
1. Ratio of Local Public Enterprises.
................................................................................23
2. Number of Businesses Operated by Local Public Enterprises................................................24
3. Scale of Financial Settlement....................................................................................24
4. Management Status.
..............................................................................................25
Promotion of the Soundness of Local Public Finance...................................................26
1. Overview of the Act on Assurance of Sound Financial Status of Local Governments, etc.................26
2. Status of the Ratio for Determining Soundness and the Financial Shortfall Ratio.
..........................29
Trends and Issues in Local Public Finance 32
1. Decentralization...................................................................................................32
(1) Revision of obligations and limitations............................................................32
(2) Transfer of authority to municipalities.
............................................................32
(3) Reform of local agencies of the national government...........................................32
(4) Conversion of "conditional national treasury disbursements" to bulk grants.................32
(5) Ensuring enhanced local tax revenue sources.
..................................................32
(6) Revision of the allocation tax system.............................................................32
(7) Discontinuation of the contribution system for businesses controlled by the national government....33
(8) Fundamental revision of the Local Autonomy Act...............................................33
2. Creation of Regional Strength and New Growth Strategy.....................................................33
(1) Creation of regional strength.
......................................................................33
(2) Economic policy and regional revitalization based on new growth strategy.
.................33
3. Administrative and Fiscal Reform................................................................................33
(1) Optimization of salaries and promotion of appropriate workforce management.............33
(2) Reform of local public enterprises.
................................................................33
(3) Promotion of reform of local public accounting.
.................................................33
l Promotion of information disclosure............................................................................34
Local Government Accounts
Ordinary accounts
General administrative sector accounts
Other accounts
(Public business accounts)
Public enterprise accounts
Latter-stage elderly
medical care
accounts
Nursing care
insurance accountsEtc.National health
insurance accounts
Water supply, transportation, electrical power, gas, hospitals,
sewer systems, residential land development, etc.
The Role of Local Public Finance
Classification of the Accounting of Local Governments Applied
in the Settlement Account Statistics
Prefectures and municipalities (cities, towns, and villages) are the central actors in various administrative areas,
including school education, welfare and public health, police and fire services, and the construction of such public
works as roads and sewage systems, thereby fulfilling a major role in the lives of the citizens of the nation. This
brochure describes the status of local public finance (which comprises collectively the finances of individual local
governments), the state of settlements for FY2009, and efforts toward establishing the financial soundness of local
public entities, with particular attention given to ordinary accounts.
Although the accounts of local governments are divided into general accounts and special accounts, the
classification of accounts is not uniform between local governments. Accordingly, a uniform method for settlement
account statistics has been adopted in this paper. Accounts are classified as ordinary accounts, which cover the
general administrative sector, and other accounts (public business accounts). This makes it possible to clarify the
financial condition of local governments as a whole and to make a statistical comparison between local
governments.TheStatusofLocal
Public
Finance
TrendsandIssuesinLocal
Public
FinanceTheRoleofLocal
Public
FinanceGross Domestic Expenditure and Local Public Finance
How large is local public finance compared with central government finance?
The ratio of gross domestic expenditure consisting of local public finance is 12.0%, about 2.6 times that of the
central government.
474,040円.2 billion
Gross domestic expenditure (nominal)
Private sector 353,665円.2billion (74.6%)
Government sector 116,346円.8billion (24.5%)
L Local government
57,061円.2billion (12.0%)
L Ordinary account
50,347円.1billion (10.6%)
L Central government
21,865円.6billion (4.6%)
L Social security fund
37,420円.0billion (7.9%)
Household sector
290,374円.9billion
(61.3%)
Corporate sector
63,290円.3billion
(13.4%)
Central government
Local government
Net export of goods and services
4,028円.1billion (0.8%)Ratio of National and Local Governments in Main Expenditures by Function (final expenditure base)
Ratio of expenditures
by function National ratio94%In which areas are local expenditure ratios high?
Local expenditure ratios are higher than national levels chiefly in areas that are deeply related to daily life, such as
public health and sanitation, school education, police and fire services, and social education.89%78%72%69%68%59%40%50%41%36%86%6%11%22%28%31%32%41%60%50%59%64%100%100%14%57% 43%3.8%Sanitation expenses8.7%School education expenses4.0%Judicial, police, and
fire service expenses3.0%Social education expenses, etc.9.9%National land development
expenses
18.1%
Public welfare expenses
(excluding pension expenses)1.8%National land conservation expenses2.0%Housing expenses, etc.7.9%Commercial and
industrial expenses
18.9%
Public debt payments1.9%Agriculture,forestryandfisheryindustryexpenses
4% 96%0.5%Onkyu pension expenses5.9%Pension expenses
(of public welfare expenses)2.9%Defense expenses8.0%General administration
expenses, etc.
1% 99%2.5%Others
39% 61%0.2%Disaster recovery expenses, etc.
Local ratio
Public health centers, garbage and human waste disposal, etc.
Elementary and junior high schools, kindergartens, etc.
Community centers, libraries, museums, etc.
Urban planning, roads and bridges,
public housing, etc.
Child welfare, elderly care and welfare,
public assistance, etc.
Rivers and coasts
Family register, basic resident register, etc.TheStatusofLocal
Public
Finance
TrendsandIssuesinLocal
Public
FinanceTheRoleofLocal
Public
FinanceThe Status of Local Public Finance
Revenues
Although local tax revenues (mainly the two corporate taxes) decreased, revenues from local allocation tax and
municipal bonds (mainly extraordinary financial countermeasures bonds), etc., increased. In addition, total revenues
rose for the second consecutive year with an increase of 6,152円.2 billion, due to an increase of national treasury
disbursements resulting from national government economic policy measures.1Expenditures
Although personnel expenditures and public debt payments decreased, total expenditures rose for the second
consecutive year with an increase of 6,415円.0 billion, due to an increase in investment expenses and other
expenses (mainly subsidies, etc.) resulting from national government economic policy measures, etc.2FY2009 Settlement Overview
Revenues and expenditures increased due to national economic policy, etc.
98,365円.7 billion (up 6,152円.2 billion, 6.7%, year on year)
96,106円.4 billion (up 6,415円.0 billion, 7.2%, year on year)
Flexibility of the Financial Structure
The ordinary balance ratio reached its highest level since calculation was started, and has maintained a high level.3Trends in Outstanding Borrowing that Should be Shouldered by Ordinary Accounts
Amounts remained at a high level.4Notes:
1. Outstanding public enterprises bonds (borne by the ordinary account) are estimates based on settlement account statistics.
2. Outstanding local government bonds exclude special fund public investment bonds.
3. Figures for each item that are less than the given unit are rounded off. Therefore, they do not necessarily add up exactly to the total.(%)(Unit: trillion yen)9694929088868487.586.487.590.389.0
91.5 91.4 91.4
93.4 92.8 93.8
FY1999 FY2000 FY2001 FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009
(Fiscal year)050100150200Outstanding borrowing from
the special account for
the local allocation tax
Outstanding local government bonds
Outstanding public enterprises bonds
(borne by the ordinary account)
FY1997 FY2002 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 (FY end)1501112315193134312820114034282001393427199138342719713734261981393425Revenues and expenditures both showed year-on-year increases in settlement amount for the second consecutive year.
The main factor for the increase in revenues was an increase in revenue from national treasury disbursements, local
allocation tax, and municipal bonds (mainly extraordinary financial countermeasures bonds), etc., resulting from
national government economic policy measures, etc. The main factor for the increase in expenditures was an
increase in investment expenses, subsidies, etc., and reserves, etc., for each type of grant fund for special
purposes, resulting from national government economic policy measures, etc.
Scale of Account Settlement
The real single fiscal-year balance showed a surplus for the second consecutive year, while the single-year balance
showed a surplus for the first time in three years.
Revenue and Expenditure Settlement
Notes:
1. Real single FY balance refers to the amount calculated by adding reserves and advanced redemption of local loans for the public finance adjustment fund
to the single FY balance and subtracting public finance adjustment fund reversals.
Single FY balance refers to the amount calculated by subtracting the real balance of the previous fiscal year from the real balance of the relevant fiscal year.
Real balance refers to the amount calculated by subtracting the revenue resources that should be carried over to the next fiscal year from the income
expenditure balance.
2. The number of organizations with a deficit does not include partial administrative associations or wide-area local public bodies. Figures in parentheses
indicate the number of organizations including partial administrative associations and wide-area local public bodies.
3. "△しろさんかく" denotes negative figures.0859095100(Unit: billion yen)
99,887.8
97,673.8
97,170.2
94,839.4
92,936.5
90,697.3
91,528.3
89,210.6
91,181.4
89,147.6
92,213.5
98,365円.7billion
96,106円.4billion
89,691.5
Total
expenditures
Total
revenues
Category
Real single FY
balance
Single FY
balance
Real balance
Settlement period
FY2009
238円.2 billion
172円.0 billion
1,444円.7 billion
182円.8 billion
△しろさんかく78円.4 billion
1,279円.7 billion
440 (1,004)
579 (1,153)
13 (13)
611 (1,315)
843 (1,539)
19 (19)
FY2008
FY2008 FY2009
No. of organizations with a deficit
FY1997 FY2002 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 (Fiscal year)TheRoleof
Local
Public
Finance
TrendsandIssuesinLocal
Public
FinanceTheStatusofLocal
Public
Finance
General Revenue Resources
98,365円.7 billion
Net total
50,968円.2 billion
Prefectures total
53,554円.7 billion
Municipalities total
General revenue resources
52,761円.8 billion (53.6%)
L Local taxes
35,183円.0 billion (35.8%)
L Local transfer tax
1,296円.6 billion (1.3%)
L Special local grants
462円.0 billion (0.5%)
L Other revenue resources
16,442円.6 billion (16.7%)
L Local bonds
12,396円.0 billion (12.6%)
L National treasury disbursements
16,765円.3 billion (17.0%)
L Other revenue resources
8,975円.1 billion (17.6%)
L Local bonds
7,755円.7 billion (15.2%)
L National treasury disbursements
8,516円.8 billion (16.7%)
L Other revenue resources
11,887円.6 billion (22.2%)
L Local bonds
4,666円.9 billion (8.7%)
L National treasury disbursements
8,248円.5 billion (15.4%)
L Local allocation tax
15,820円.2 billion (16.1%)
General revenue resources
28,751円.7 billion (53.7%)
L Local allocation tax
8,184円.1 billion (16.1%)
L Other general revenue resources
1円.4 billion (0.0%)
General revenue resources
25,720円.7 billion (50.5%)
L Local taxes
16,508円.8 billion (32.4%)
L Local transfer tax
810円.3 billion (1.6%)
L Special local grants
216円.0 billion (0.4%)
L Local taxes
18,674円.1 billion (34.9%)
L Special local grants
246円.0 billion (0.5%)
L Local transfer tax
486円.3 billion (0.9%)
L Local allocation tax
7,636円.1 billion (14.3%)
L Other general revenue resources
1,709円.3 billion (3.2%)
The revenue of local governments comes mainly from local taxes (about 36%), national treasury disbursements,
local allocation tax, and local bonds, in that order.
Revenue resources for which the use is not specified, such as local taxes and local allocation tax, are called general
revenue resources. Here, the total of local taxes, local transfer taxes, local allocation tax, special local grants, etc.,
is treated as general revenue resources. It is important for local governments to ensure sufficient general revenue
resources in order to handle various administrative needs properly.
Revenue Breakdown
Revenues
Where do the funds for local government activities come from?1Notes:
1. The figures here are mainly for ordinary accounts. (For the accounts of public enterprises, such as water supply and sewerage businesses, transportation
businesses, and hospitals, see "Local Public Enterprises.")
2. Figures for each item that are less than the given unit are rounded off. Therefore, they do not necessarily add up exactly to the total.
Local transfer tax: Collected as a national tax and transferred to local governments. Includes local gasoline transfer tax, etc.
Special local grants: Includes such things as the special child allowance in response to the increased local burden as a result of the expanded child allowance system in FY2006 and FY2007.
Local allocation tax: An intrinsic revenue source shared by local governments in order to adjust imbalances in tax revenue among local governments and to guarantee revenue sources so that local
governments in every region can provide a consistent level of administrative services. Calculated as a fixed ratio of five national taxes. (See pg.11, "4. Local Allocation Tax.")
National treasury disbursements: A general name for subsidies, etc., disbursed from the central government to local governments for contributions, commissioning expenses, incentives
for specific measures, or financial assistance.
Local bonds: The debts of local governments for which redemption continues for more than one fiscal year.General revenue resources constituted approximately 54% of total revenues, a year-on-year decrease resulting
from a drop in revenue from local taxes and special local grants.
Revenue Trends2FY1997
Net Total 99円.9trillion
Net Total 97円.2trillion
Net Total 92円.9trillion
Net Total 91円.5trillion
Net Total 91円.2trillion
Net Total 98円.4trillion
Net Total 92円.2trillion
Local transfer tax 1.1% (1円.1 trillion)
Local transfer tax 0.7% (0円.6 trillion)
Local transfer tax 2.0% (1円.8 trillion)
Special local grants 0.9% (0円.9 trillion)
Special local grants 1.6% (1円.5 trillion)
Local transfer tax 4.1% (3円.7 trillion) Special local grants 0.9% (0円.8 trillion)
Local transfer tax 0.8% (0円.7 trillion) Special local grants 0.3% (0円.3 trillion)
Local transfer tax 0.7% (0円.7 trillion) Special local grants 0.6% (0円.5 trillion)
Local transfer tax 1.3% (1円.3 trillion) Special local grants 0.5% (0円.5 trillion)
Note: "National treasury disbursements" includes "special grants to measures for traffic safety" and "grants to cities, towns and villages where national
institutions are located."
Nationwide
FY2002
FY2005
FY2006
FY2007
FY2009
FY2008
Local taxes
36.2% (36円.2 trillion)
Local taxes
34.4% (33円.4 trillion)
Local allocation tax
17.1% (17円.1 trillion)
Local allocation tax
20.1% (19円.5 trillion)
National treasury
disbursements
14.4%
(14円.4 trillion)
National treasury
disbursements
13.6%
(13円.2 trillion)
Local bonds
14.1%
(14円.1 trillion)
Local bonds
13.7%
(13円.3 trillion)
Other revenue
resources
17.1%
(17円.1 trillion)
Other revenue
resources
16.7%
(16円.3 trillion)
National treasury
disbursements
12.8%
(11円.9 trillion)
Local bonds
11.2%
(10円.4 trillion)
Other revenue
resources
16.7%
(15円.5 trillion)
General revenue resources 54.4% (54円.4 trillion)
General revenue resources 56.0% (54円.5 trillion)
Local taxes
37.4% (34円.8 trillion)
Local allocation tax
18.2% (17円.0 trillion)
General revenue resources 59.3% (55円.1 trillion)
National
treasury
disbursements
11.5%
(10円.5 trillion)
Local bonds
10.5%
(9円.6 trillion)
Other revenue
resources
15.7%
(14円.4 trillion)
Local taxes
39.9% (36円.5 trillion)
Local allocation tax
17.5% (16円.0 trillion)
General revenue resources 62.3% (57円.0 trillion)
National
treasury
disbursements
11.3%
(10円.3 trillion)
Local bonds
10.5%
(9円.6 trillion)
Other revenue
resources
16.2%
(14円.8 trillion)
Local taxes
44.2% (40円.3 trillion)
Local allocation tax
16.7% (15円.2 trillion)
General revenue resources 62.0% (56円.5 trillion)
National
treasury
disbursements
12.7%
(11円.7 trillion)
Local bonds
10.8%
(9円.9 trillion)
Other revenue
resources
15.6%
(14円.4 trillion)
Local taxes
42.9% (39円.6 trillion)
Local allocation tax
16.7% (15円.4 trillion)
General revenue resources 60.9% (56円.2 trillion)
National treasury
disbursements
17.1%
(16円.8 trillion)
Local bonds
12.6%
(12円.4 trillion)
Other revenue
resources
16.6%
(16円.4 trillion)
Local taxes
35.8% (35円.2 trillion)
Local allocation tax
16.1% (15円.8 trillion)
General revenue resources 53.6% (52円.8 trillion)TheRoleof
Local
Public
Finance
TrendsandIssuesinLocal
Public
FinanceTheStatusofLocal
Public
Finance
Composition of Revenue from Prefectural Taxes (FY2009 settlement)
Composition of Revenue from Municipal Taxes (FY2009 settlement)
Local taxes consist of prefectural taxes and municipal taxes. (In the case of the special wards of Tokyo, the Tokyo
Metropolitan Government collects a portion of municipal taxes.)
Local Taxes3Enterprise tax
2,904円.8billion (19.8%)
14,654円.5 billion
Total Prefectural inhabitant tax
5,766円.3billion (39.3%)
LOn interests
165円.1 billion (1.1%)
LCorporate
686円.8 billion (4.7%)
LCorporate
2,701円.1 billion (18.4%)
LIndividual
203円.7 billion (1.4%)
LReal estate acquisition tax
404円.2 billion (2.8%)
LLight oil delivery tax
814円.7 billion (5.6%)
LAutomobile tax
1,654円.4 billion (11.3%)
LLocal consumption tax
2,413円.1 billion (16.5%)
LAutomobile acquisition tax
231円.0 billion (1.6%)
LOther taxes
216円.3 billion (1.4%)
LPrefectural tobacco tax
249円.7 billion (1.7%)
20,528円.4 billion
Total
Municipal inhabitant tax
9,124円.1billion (44.4%)
LIndividual
7,348円.9 billion (35.8%)
LCity planning tax
1,232円.5 billion (6.0%)
LFixed asset tax
8,874円.4 billion (43.2%)
LOther taxes
530円.8 billion (2.7%)
LMunicipal tobacco tax
766円.6 billion (3.7%)
LIndividual
4,914円.3 billion (33.5%)
LCorporate
1,775円.2 billion (8.6%)
Note: Municipal tax revenue figures include municipal taxes collected by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.Trends in Prefectural Tax Revenues
Trends in Municipal Tax Revenues
Notes:
1. Figures in parentheses indicate the component ratio of the municipal inhabitant tax.
2. Municipal tax revenue figures include municipal taxes collected by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.
Note: Figures in parentheses indicate the component ratios of the business tax and prefectural inhabitant tax.
Prefectural tax revenues dropped from the previous fiscal year due to decreases in the two corporate taxes (corporate
inhabitant tax, corporate business tax) resulting from a sluggish economy. A decrease in revenues from corporate
municipal taxes and individual municipal taxes also led to a year-on-year decrease in municipal tax revenues.20(Unit: trillion yen)
(Unit: trillion yen)1816141210864202018221614121086420
FY1997 FY2002 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 (Fiscal year)
FY1997 FY2002 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 (Fiscal year)32.31.85.44.91.711.43.88.91.6(34.1%)
(34.1%)
(28.2%)
(28.2%) (25.0%)
(25.0%) (23.5%)
(23.5%) (24.4%)
(24.4%)
(33.3%)
(33.3%)
(34.8%)
(34.8%)
(39.3%)
(39.3%)
(26.6%)
(26.6%)
(32.3%)
(32.3%)
(34.2%)
(34.2%)
(31.2%)
(31.2%)
(30.2%)
(30.2%)
(19.8%)
(19.8%)
18.8 16.8 16.0 16.6
25.8 27.8 33.5%1.1%4.7%
18.4%1.4%16.5%2.8%1.7%
11.3%1.6%5.6%1.4%1.15.929.01.22.513.81.59.42.05.10.71.16.330.01.213.82.61.59.22.35.50.61.06.832.91.316.13.01.710.62.86.40.81.26.330.91.416.83.11.811.53.07.10.92.95.325.01.617.63.82.012.83.08.30.93.06.4
14,947.8
13,803.5
15,226.9
16,324.3
18,664.2
17,928.0
14,654円.5 billion
Other taxes
Light oil delivery tax
Automobile acquisition tax
Automobile tax
Prefectural tobacco tax
Real property acquisition tax
Local consumption tax
Other taxes
City planning tax
Municipal tobacco tax
Fixed asset tax
Individual
Corporate
Individual
Corporate
Corporate
Corporate interest
Individual
EnterprisetaxPrefectural
inhabitant tax
Municipal
inhabitant tax11.941.63.86.32.5(45.8%)
(45.8%)
(39.7%)
(39.7%)
(41.7%)
(41.7%)
(45.0%)
(45.0%)
(47.7%)
(47.7%) (47.1%)
(47.1%) (44.4%)
(44.4%)33.830.1 29.130.933.8 34.4 35.8%8.6%6.0%3.7%43.2%2.7%12.741.03.75.72.514.040.43.95.62.414.142.54.35.92.312.645.34.36.32.49.646.84.26.72.6
21,207.7
19,575.0 19,577.5
20,181.9
21,602.6 21,630.5
20,528円.4 billionTheRoleof
Local
Public
Finance
TrendsandIssuesinLocal
Public
FinanceTheStatusofLocal
Public
Finance
Index of Per Capita Revenue in Local Tax Revenue (with national average as 100)
Hokkaido
Aomori
Iwate
Miyagi
Akita
Yamagata
Fukushima
Ibaraki
Tochigi
Gunma
Saitama
Chiba
Tokyo
Kanagawa
Niigata
Toyama
Ishikawa
Fukui
Yamanashi
NaganoGifuShizuoka
AichiMieShiga
Kyoto
Osaka
HyogoNaraWakayama
Tottori
Shimane
Okayama
Hiroshima
Yamaguchi
Tokushima
Kagawa
Ehime
Kochi
FukuokaSagaNagasaki
KumamotoOitaMiyazaki
Kagoshima
Okinawa
National Average
Notes:
1. "Max/min" indicates the value obtained by dividing the maximum value of per-capita tax revenue for each prefecture by the minimum value.
2. Local tax revenue amounts include local corporation special transfer tax, but do not include overassessment, discretionary tax earmarked for general use,
or discretionary tax earmarked for special use. Further, the value is the amount after settlement of local consumption tax.
3. Individual inhabitant tax revenue is the total of the prefectural individual inhabitant tax (on a per-capita basis and on an income basis) and the municipal
individual inhabitant tax (on a per-capita basis and on an income basis), and excludes overassessment.
4. Revenue from the two corporate taxes is the total of the corporate prefectural inhabitant tax, the corporate municipal inhabitant tax, and the corporate
business tax, and excludes overassessment.
5. Fixed asset tax revenues include prefectural amounts, and exclude overassessment.
6. Calculations were made in accordance with the basic resident register population as of March 31, 2010.
FY2009
settlement
amount
0 50 100 150 200 0 50 100 150 200 0 50 100 150 200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 50 100 150 200
82.2
70.0
71.4
89.2
67.9
73.6
83.9
93.5
98.6
92.6
92.3
96.0
167.5
109.6
86.6
92.2
95.8
97.9
89.0
87.8
90.8
104.1
116.5
96.5
94.0
99.3
105.8
96.4
77.4
77.4
73.3
73.6
90.1
97.2
87.3
81.7
88.7
78.3
69.8
88.1
75.6
69.1
70.4
79.1
69.5
68.762.7 100.0
74.859.5 63.0
80.759.0 66.2
69.8
89.7
90.3
85.7
109.3
114.3
165.7
134.3
75.4
88.9
88.5
86.1
83.2
82.4
89.5
102.5
120.1
94.1
95.6
96.6
96.8
100.9
95.6
71.7
66.7
67.9
83.2
94.0
81.4
72.2
82.2
70.0
65.8
82.9
66.4
65.3
65.5
69.0
60.8
61.654.2 100.0
69.4
57.4
53.7
92.2
51.6
53.6
77.9
87.1
85.6
77.2
64.6
71.7
264.1
84.2
82.0
80.6
87.6
97.0
76.0
67.8
73.1
86.7
106.4
74.8
77.4
116.3
123.9
79.343.0 70.1
62.2
66.2
86.9
98.8
84.7
76.2
104.2
82.8
53.6
86.0
69.8
59.9
53.9
67.7
58.5
51.9
58.8
100.0
103.7
96.8
96.0
100.8
97.0
94.7
95.3
93.1
102.8
100.0
86.3
85.7
134.0
88.8
99.3
94.9
103.0
102.6
102.1
106.1
97.3
105.5
107.8
92.3
87.2
108.8
105.8
90.979.9 83.8
99.2
97.3
88.8
99.8
83.4
91.9
98.2
88.9
95.9
100.2
93.6
93.2
97.7
95.1
95.8
91.078.3 100.0
74.7
73.1
75.6
86.1
71.2
75.8
92.4
96.4
105.0
101.3
88.3
91.1
154.6
105.2
92.9
98.6
98.2
112.1
97.2
94.7
94.0
111.4
118.7
108.8
100.6
94.4
107.1
99.4
71.2
81.0
78.3
77.5
93.0
99.2
94.7
93.5
88.5
87.7
75.9
88.0
79.167.8 71.4
86.3
70.6
72.4
71.6
100.0
Local taxes total
35円.4trillion
Individual inhabitant tax
12円.2trillion
Two corporate taxes
4円.8trillion
Fixed asset tax
8円.9trillion
Localconsumptiontax
(post settlement)
2円.4trillion
Max/min: 2.7 Max/min: 3.1 Max/min: 6.1 Max/min: 2.3
Max/min: 1.7
In order for local governments to provide administrative services in response to local needs on their own
responsibility and at their own discretion, it is necessary to build a local tax system in which the uneven distribution
of tax sources is minimized and the stability of tax revenue is guaranteed.
Comparing local tax revenue amounts, with the national average set at 100, Tokyo, the highest, was approximately
2.7 times the amount for Okinawa Prefecture, which was the lowest.10Notes:
1. Standard financial requirements are calculated as the financial requirements of each local government based on rational and appropriate standards.
Calculation of the local share of the national treasury projects, such as compulsory education, public assistance, and public works, is mandatory.
Beginning in FY2001, part of the standard financial requirements is being transferred to special deficit-financing local bonds (extraordinary financial
countermeasures bonds) as an exception to Article 5 of the Local Finance Law.
2. Normal local tax revenue does not include "discretionary tax earmarked for general use" or "discretionary tax earmarked for special use" imposed
independently by the local government, or "overassessment" that exceeds the standard tax rate stipulated in the Local Tax Law.
Standard
financial requirements
Standard
financial revenues
Regular
allocation tax amount
Unit cos×ばつ
Measurement unit
(national census population, etc.)×ばつ
Correction coefficient
(gradated correction, etc.)
Standard
financial requirements−Standard
financial revenues
Standard local tax
revenue×ばつ
Calculation rate (75%)+Local transfer tax, etc.
From the perspective of local autonomy, it would be the ideal for each local government to ensure the revenue
sources necessary for administrative activities through local tax revenue collected from their residents. However,
there are regional imbalances in tax sources, and many local governments are unable to acquire necessary tax
revenue. Accordingly, the national government collects financial resources that would normally be attributable to
local tax revenue and reallocates them as local allocation tax to local governments that have weaker financial
capabilities.
Determining the total amount of local allocation tax
The total amount of the local allocation tax is determined in accordance with estimates of standard revenue and
expenditures in local public finance as a whole, based on fixed ratios for national taxes (32% for income tax and
liquor tax, 34% for corporate tax, 29.5% for consumption tax, and 25% for tobacco tax).
The total amount of local allocation tax in FY2009 was 15,820円.2 billion, up 2.7% year on year.
Local Allocation Tax41
How regular local allocation taxes are calculated for each local government
The regular local allocation tax for each local government is calculated using the following mechanism.211TheRoleofLocal
Public
Finance
TrendsandIssuesinLocal
Public
FinanceTheStatusofLocal
Public
Finance
l Ratio of Total Revenue for Municipalities Composed of General Financial Resources
Notes: A "midsize city" refers to a city with a population of 100,000 or more excluding government ordinance-designed cities, core cities, and special cities,
and a "small city" refers to a city with a population of less than 100,000, excluding the aforementioned exceptions.0100(%)80604020Midsize cities Small cities Towns and villages Towns and villages
(population of 10,000 or more) (population of less than 10,000)4.20.511.940.43.90.424.629.0 27.6
14.3 Local taxes
57.0% 57.8% 59.8% 58.1%4.00.427.82.90.240.7 Local allocation tax
Local transfer tax, etc.
Ratio of total revenue
composed of general
financial resources
General financial resources
Special local grants
Function of the local allocation tax
The function of the local allocation tax is to adjust imbalances in financial resources between local governments in
order to guarantee that local governments have the financial resources that enable them to provide standard
administrative services and basic social capital to their residents in each region.
Adjustment of financial resources through local allocation tax has prevented the size of population, etc., from
creating significant differences in the ratio of total revenue composed of general financial resources.312
Composition of Expenditure by Function (FY2009 settlement)
Public welfare expenses: Expenses for the construction and operation of welfare facilities for children, the elderly, the mentally and
Expenses physically disabled, etc., and for the implementation of public assistance, etc.
Education expenses: Expenses for school education, social education, etc.
Civil engineering work expenses: Expenses for the construction and maintenance of public facilities, such as roads, rivers, housing, and parks.
Public debt payment: Expenses for the payment of principal, interest, etc., on debts.
When expenses are classified by function, we see that many financial resources are utilized for public welfare expenses, education expenses,
and civil engineering work expenses. In prefectures, such resources are mainly utilized for education expenses, public welfare expenses, and
civil engineering work expenses, in that order. In municipalities, they are primarily utilized for public welfare expenses, general administrative
expenses, and civil engineering work expenses, in that order.
Expenses by Function
Expenditures
What are taxes spent on?1Public welfare
expenses
Education
expenses
Civil engineering
work expenses
Public debt
payments
General
administration
expenses
Commerce and
industry expenses
Sanitation
expenses
Agriculture, forestry
and fishery expenses
Other
expenses
19,767.9
(Unit: \billion)
16,438.0
13,292.0
12,884.6
10,718.4
6,575.0
5,971.5
3,553.0
6,906.0
6,763.6
(Unit: \billion)
10,926.2
6,609.2
6,607.1
3,466.0
4,286.1
1,863.2
2,625.2
7,098.7
14,839.1
(Unit: \billion)
5,563.4
6,886.3
6,348.4
7,927.1
2,333.5
4,244.8
1,312.1
2,563.7
96,106円.4 billion
Net total
Share▼50,245円.3 billion
Prefectures
Share▼Share▼52,018円.4 billion
Municipalities
20.6%
17.1%
13.8%
13.4%
11.2%6.8%6.2%3.7%7.2%
13.5%
21.7%
13.2%
13.1%6.9%8.5%3.7%5.2%
14.2%
28.5%
10.7%
13.2%
12.2%
15.2%4.5%8.2%2.5%5.0%13TheRoleof
Local
Public
Finance
TrendsandIssuesinLocal
Public
FinanceTheStatusofLocal
Public
Finance
Breakdown of Public Welfare Expenses by Purpose
Breakdown of Educational Expenses by Purpose
Breakdown of Civil Engineering Work Expenses by Purpose
28.1%
19,767円.9 billion
5,549.7
28.9%
5,706.8
(Unit: \billion)
26.6%
5,250.9
16.4%0.1%3,250.1
Net total
Share▼17.9%
6,763円.6 billion
Prefectures
1,208.6
44.9%
3,039.1
(Unit: \billion)
33.3%3.7%0.1%
2,254.7
253.5
Share▼33.1%
Share▼14,839円.1 billion
Municipalities
4,911.7
20.5%
3,044.8
(Unit: \billion)
25.9%
3,838.7
20.5%0.0%3,040.43.6Elderly welfare
Child welfare
Social welfare
Public assistance
Disaster relief7.710.3
30.2%
16,438円.0 billion
4,966.8
(Unit: \billion)
17.5%
2,872.5
16.2%
2,668.6
13.8%
2,272.17.4%1,208.77.3%1,203.47.6%1,245.9
Net total
Share▼32.7%
10,926円.2 billion
Prefectures
3,571.8
(Unit: \billion)
18.8%
2,054.9
18.2%
1,983.5
19.2%
2,097.18.5%940.11.6%173.11.0%105.7
Share▼25.2%
Share▼5,563円.4 billion
Municipalities
1,399.4
(Unit: \billion)
14.8%
820.6
12.7%
707.03.1%175.2
20.0%
1,110.5
18.7%
1,041.85.5%308.9
Elementary
school
Junior
high school
Healthandphysicaleducation
Social education
Educationalgeneralaffairs
Senior high school
Other
Harbors
Other
Rivers and coasts
Housing
36.8%
13,292円.0 billion
4,897.9
(Unit: \billion)
33.0%
4,390.3
11.0%
1,468.68.9%6.5%
1,177.33.8%500.7
Net total
Share▼19.7%
6,609円.2 billion
Prefectures
1,301.1
(Unit: \billion)
40.2%
2,655.5
19.7%9.2%1,302.2
610.85.0%328.8
Share▼53.3%
Share▼6,886円.3 billion
Municipalities
3,672.2
(Unit: \billion)
25.8%
1,779.92.7%183.08.5%588.32.9%202.8
Urban planning
Roads and
bridges
857.2 6.2% 6.8%
460.1
410.8
500.7 328.8 202.814Trends in the Breakdown of Expenditures by Function (ordinary account net total)
Unit: Ratio with FY1997 set at 100.
In recent years, welfare expenses, public debt payments, etc., have increased, while there has been a decline in such
items as agriculture, forestry, and fishery expenses and civil engineering work expenses.
0 15010050989896808393941271021331371441261231221251551511571471109781778789755562879853639291112107101123General administrative
expenses
Welfare expenses
Sanitation expenses
Agriculture, forestry and
fishery expenses
Commerce and industry expenses
Civil engineering expenses
Education expenses
Public debt payments
Total expenditures
FY1997
FY2002
FY2007
FY2009
Of which are for social welfare
Of which are for welfare for the elderly
Of which are for child welfare
Of which are for cleaning expenses
General administrative
expenses
Welfare expenses
Sanitation expenses
Agriculture, forestry and
fishery expenses
Commerce and industry expenses
Civil engineering expenses
Education expenses
Public debt payments
Total expenditures
Of which are for social welfare
Of which are for welfare for the elderly
Of which are for child welfare
Of which are for cleaning expenses
General administrative
expenses
Welfare expenses
Sanitation expenses
Agriculture, forestry and
fishery expenses
Commerce and industry expenses
Civil engineering expenses
Education expenses
Public debt payments
Total expenditures
Of which are for social welfare
Of which are for welfare for the elderly
Of which are for child welfare
Of which are for cleaning expenses
General administrative
expenses
Welfare expenses
Sanitation expenses
Agriculture, forestry and
fishery expenses
Commerce and industry expenses
Civil engineering expenses
Education expenses
Public debt payments
Total expenditures
8,688.9
12,721.5
3,485.2
3,870.4
3,525.3
6,722.3
2,799.9
6,475.1
5,374.2
21,330.4
18,790.1
10,306.7
97,673.8
10,718.4
19,767.9
5,250.9
5,706.8
5,549.7
5,971.5
2,103.8
3,553.0
6,575.0
13,292.0
16,438.0
12,884.6
96,106.4
(Unit: \billion)
Of which are for social welfare
Of which are for welfare for the elderly
Of which are for child welfare
Of which are for cleaning expenses20015TheRoleofLocal
Public
Finance
TrendsandIssuesinLocal
Public
FinanceTheStatusofLocal
Public
Finance
Composition of Expenditures by Type (FY2009 settlement)
Mandatory expenses
45,915円.2billion (47.8%)
Investment expenses
14,518円.5billion (15.1%)
LUnsubsidized project expenses
7,200円.3 billion (7.5%)
LSubsidized project expenses
5,899円.4 billion (6.1%)
LOrdinary construction expenses
14,380円.9 billion (15.0%)
LPersonnel expenses
23,975円.6 billion (24.9%)
LPublic assistance expenses
9,086円.3 billion (9.5%)
LPublic debt payments
12,853円.2 billion (13.4%)
96,106円.4 billion
Net total
Other expenses
35,672円.7 billion
(37.1%)
Other expenses
20,696円.1 billion
(41.1%)
Investment expenses
7,766円.1billion (15.5%)
LUnsubsidized project expenses
3,175円.6 billion (6.3%)
LSubsidized project expenses
3,354円.9 billion (6.7%)
LOrdinary construction expenses
7,689円.0 billion (15.3%)
Mandatory expenses
21,783円.1billion (43.4%)
LPersonnel expenses
14,286円.2 billion (28.4%)
LPublic assistance expenses
914円.3 billion (1.8%)
LPublic debt payments
6,582円.7 billion (13.1%)
50,245円.3 billion
Prefectural total
Investment expenses
7,341円.1billion (14.1%)
LUnsubsidized project expenses
4,256円.6 billion (8.2%)
LSubsidized project expenses
2,720円.8 billion (5.2%)
LOrdinary construction expenses
7,266円.3 billion (14.0%)
Mandatory expenses
24,202円.6billion (46.5%)
LPersonnel expenses
9,689円.5 billion (18.6%)
LPublic assistance expenses
8,172円.0 billion (15.7%)
LPublic debt payments
6,341円.1 billion (12.2%)
52,018円.4 billion
Municipalities total
Other expenses
20,474円.7 billion
(39.4%)
Classified by type, expenses can be divided into "mandatory expenses" (personnel expenses, public assistance expenses,
and public debt payments), the payment of which is mandatory and difficult to reduce at the discretion of individual local
governments, "investment expenses," including ordinary construction expenses, etc., and "other expenses."
Expenses by Type
What are expenses used for?216
Trends in Personnel Expenses
Breakdown of Personnel Expenses by Item
FY2009
FY2008
FY2007
FY2006
FY2005
FY2004
FY2003
FY2002
FY2001
FY2000
(Fiscal year)09,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
15,000
16,000
25,000
26,000
27,000
28,000020406080100(%)(Unit: \billion)
15,791.5 15,797.8
15,629.6
15,344.315,217.6
15,008.615,011.315,086.9
14,729.7
14,286.2
26,877.5 26,838.3
26,394.2
25,932.3
25,613.3
25,264.325,135.325,256.3
24,605.2
23,975.6
11,086.011,040.5
10,764.6
10,587.9
10,395.710,255.710,124.010,169.4
9,875.5
9,689.5
Municipalities
Net total
Prefectures
23,975円.6 billion
Net total
14,286円.2 billion
Prefectures
9,689円.5 billion
Municipalities
69.9%
Employee salaries
16,763円.1 billion
13.9%
Local public servant
mutual-aid associations, etc.
3,330円.6 billion
11.3%
Retirement allowances
Other
2,716円.1 billion
14.5%
2,077円.8 billion
10.0%
1,429円.3 billion
13.3%
1,286円.8 billion
12.9%
1,252円.8 billion4.9%1,165円.8 billion
46.3%
Base salaries
11,099円.4 billion
23.6%
Other
5,663円.7 billion
24.7%
3,520円.6 billion 22.1%
2,143円.1 billion
48.2%
6,887円.0 billion
43.5%
4,212円.4 billion
72.9%
10,407円.6 billion
65.6%
6,355円.5 billion2.6%371円.5 billion 8.2%
794円.4 billion17TheRoleof
Local
Public
Finance
TrendsandIssuesinLocal
Public
FinanceTheStatusofLocal
Public
Finance
Trends in the Breakdown of Expenditures by Type (ordinary account net total)
0 300
200 25010050 150
Mandatory expenses
Ordinaryconstructionexpenses
Reserves
Total expenditures
FY1997
FY2002
FY2007
FY2009
Personnel expenses
Public assistance expenses
Public debt payments
Subsidizedprojectexpenses
Unsubsidizedprojectexpenses
Mandatory expenses
Ordinaryconstructionexpenses
Reserves
Total expenditures
Personnel expenses
Public assistance expenses
Public debt payments
Subsidizedprojectexpenses
Unsubsidizedprojectexpenses
Mandatory expenses
Ordinaryconstructionexpenses
Reserves
Total expenditures
Personnel expenses
Public assistance expenses
Public debt payments
Subsidizedprojectexpenses
Unsubsidizedprojectexpenses
Personnel expenses
Public assistance expenses
Public debt payments
Subsidizedprojectexpenses
Unsubsidizedprojectexpenses
Mandatory expenses
Ordinaryconstructionexpenses
Reserves
Total expenditures
43,356.9
26,928.7
6,162.1
10,266.0
27,749.2
11,060.7
15,452.1
1,552.8
97,673.8
(Unit: \billion)
Unit: Ratio with FY1997 set at 100.
In recent years, mandatory expenses such as public assistance expenses, public debt payments, etc., have increased,
while there has been a decline in such items as ordinary construction expenses.
* Public assistance expenses: Expenses which include child welfare expenses, livelihood assistance expenses, etc., aimed at assisting the needy, children,
the elderly, mentally and physically disabled, etc., as a part of the social security system.
* Ordinary construction expenses: Expenses necessary for the construction of social capital, such as roads, bridges, parks, schools, etc.1061091071061471252701331391271279875838897948952534798495044916645,915.2
23,975.6
9,086.3
12,853.2
14,380.9
5,899.4
7,200.3
4,187.4
96,106.418Shifts in the ordinary balance ratio
Breakdown of the ordinary balance ratio (Net total)
FY2000 FY2001 FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 (Fiscal year)
FY2000 FY2001 FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 (Fiscal year)9080706050403020100100(%)(%)9080100
Prefectural83.689.384.690.587.493.587.490.890.592.590.292.690.392.694.792.0 91.8 91.8
93.9 95.9
86.4 87.5
90.3 89.0
91.5 91.4 91.4
93.4 92.8
37.0 36.8 37.0 37.0 36.5 36.0 36.236.019.6 20.3
21.6 21.5 21.9 21.5 21.4 21.5 21.535.1Municipal
Net total21.534.8
Other
Personnel
expenses(%)Public debt
payments(%)93.8
The ordinary balance ratio (the weighted average excluding special wards and partial administrative associations,
etc.) showed a 1.0 percentage point year-on-year increase to 93.8%, reaching its highest level since calculation was
started, and has maintained a high level.
In addition to financial resources allocated for mandatory expenses that require payment each year, local
governments must also secure financial resources for measures to respond properly to changes in the social
economy and administrative needs, in order to accurately meet the needs of residents. The extent to which these
financial resources have been secured is called the "flexibility of the financial structure."
Ordinary Balance Ratio
Flexibility of the Financial Structure
How can local financial administration respond to the demands of local governments?119TheRoleofLocal
Public
Finance
TrendsandIssuesinLocal
Public
FinanceTheStatusofLocal
Public
Finance
FY2000 FY2001 FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009
(Fiscal year)(%)201918171615State of the Real Debt Service Ratio
Trends in the Debt Service Payment Ratio
* Debt service payment ratio: The debt service payment ratio indicates the ratio of general revenue resources allocated for public debt service (general
financial resources allocated for public service, including the principal and interest repayments on local bonds) to the total
amount of general revenue resources. This index is used to determine the flexibility of the financial structure by assessing the
degree to which public debt payments restrict the freedom of use of general financial resources.17.617.716.318.418.416.719.819.217.319.819.417.519.919.417.319.319.217.419.419.317.518.619.117.719.319.217.618.818.617.0
Municipalities
Net total
Prefectures
Because public debt payments (which are payments of the principal and the interest on the debts of local
governments) are particularly lacking in flexibility, it is necessary to give constant scrutiny to trends in such payments.
The real debt service ratio and debt service payment ratio are indices used to determine the extent of the public debt
payment burden.
For information on the state of the real debt service ratio, please refer to the "State of the Ratio for Determining
Soundness and Ratio of Fund Shortages" (page 29).
Real Debt Service Ratio and Debt Service Payment Ratio220
Notes:
1. Outstanding local government borrowing excludes special fund public investment bonds.
2. Figures for "economic stimulus measures" are estimates.
(Unit: \trillion)05060708090100110120130140Outstanding local government borrowing, the debts of local governments, amounted to approximately 139円 trillion
at the end of FY2009. This figure has been increasing in recent years due to factors such as the need to supplement
tax revenue as a result of tax cuts and the issue of extraordinary financial measures bonds. The figure is 1.42 times
larger than total revenue and about 2.64 times larger than the total of general financial resources, such as local
taxes and local allocation tax.
Trends in Outstanding Local Government Borrowing
Outstanding Local Government Borrowing
What is the status of debt in local public finance?1FY1997 FY2002 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 (End of FY)9.95.46.09.980.3111.515.23.87.66.518.083.0
134.112.115.78.25.319.479.4
140.111.117.98.04.919.377.9
139.110.119.77.45.019.176.9
138.29.121.66.86.36.525.48.15.6
18.7 18.3
75.7 74.7
137.4
139.3
Extraordinary financial
measures bonds
Tax revenue
supplementary bonds
Tax-reduction
supplementary
bonds, etc.
Financial resource
measures bonds, etc.
Other local bonds
Economic stimulus
measures21TheRoleof
Local
Public
Finance
TrendsandIssuesinLocal
Public
FinanceTheStatusofLocal
Public
Finance
Trends in Outstanding Borrowing that Should be Included in the Ordinary Account and the Ratio of Outstanding Borrowing
to Gross Domestic Product
Notes:
1. Outstanding local government borrowing excludes special fund public investment bonds.
2. Outstanding public enterprise bonds (included in ordinary accounts) are estimates based on settlement account statistics.(%)220200180160140120100806040200(Unit: \trillion)50403020100
FY2009
FY2008
FY2007
FY2006
FY2005
FY2002
FY1997 (End of FY)
Outstanding local public finance borrowing—which includes borrowing in the special account for local allocation tax
and transfer tax grants, which are used to address local financial resource shortages, as well as the redemption of
public enterprise bonds borne by the ordinary account—remains at a high level, amounting to approximately 198円
trillion at the end of FY2009.
Outstanding Local Finance Borrowing229.2
39.4 40.0 39.2 38.5 40.0 41.8
Ratio of outstanding borrowing that should be included in ordinary accounts to (nominal) GDP
111,497.1
23,182.3
15,213.7
149,893.1
134,100.7
28,243.5
30,724.3
193,068.5
140,051.6
27,750.9
33,614.2
201,416.7
139,057.7
27,479.5
33,617.3
200,154.5
138,160.5
26,775.5
33,617.3
198,553.3
137,398.5
26,028.0
33,617.3
197,043.8
139,278.1
25,275.4
33,617.3
198,170円.8 billion
billion
billion
billion
Outstanding borrowing
from special account
for local allocation tax
and transfer tax grants
Outstanding public
enterprise bonds
(included in ordinary accounts)
Outstanding local
government bonds22020406080100(%)
out of 125.57 million
124.82 million
(99.4%)
Current water-supply
population
out of 108.90 million
99.45 million
(91.3%)
Sewage disposal
population
out of 22,724 million
3,002 million
(13.2%)
No. of passengers
per year
out of 4,476 million
956 million
(21.4%)
No. of passengers
per year
out of 1,601,000
216,000
(13.5%)
No. of hospital beds
Notes:
1. The graph shows the ratio of local public enterprises when the total number of business entities nationwide is set at 100.
2. Figures for the total number of enterprises nationwide have been compiled from statistical materials of related organizations. Figures for local public
enterprises have been compiled from figures for the total number of enterprises and settlements for the same fiscal year.
Water-supply business
(including small-scale water supply business)
Sewage business Transportation business
(railways)
Transportation business
(buses)
Hospitals
Local public enterprises play a major role in improving the standard of living of residents.
Ratio of Local Public Enterprises
Local Public Enterprises
What is the status of local public enterprises?123TheRoleofLocal
Public
Finance
TrendsandIssuesinLocal
Public
FinanceTheStatusofLocal
Public
Finance
(End of FY2009)
There are 8,903 businesses that are operated by local public enterprises. By type of business, sewage accounts for
the largest ratio, followed, in order, by total water supply, hospitals, care services, and housing development
projects.
Number of Businesses Operated by Local Public Enterprises2The scale of total financial settlement is 18,459円.4 billion. By type of business, sewage accounts for
the largest ratio, followed, in order, by hospitals, total water supply, transportation, and residential development.
Scale of Financial Settlement38,903
No. of businesses
18,459円.4 billion
Scale of
Financial Settlement
Total water-supply
business
2,173 (24.4%)
LWater-supply business
1,365 (15.3%)
LSewage business
3,633 (40.8%)
LSmall-scale
water-supply business
808 (9.1%)
LResidential development
495 (5.6%)
LOther
1,344 (15.0%)
LCare services
603 (6.8%)
LHospitals
655 (7.4%)
(End of FY2009)
LOther
1,108円.5 billion (6.1%)
LSewage business
6,263円.1 billion (33.9%)
LHospitals
4,581円.9 billion (24.8%)
LTotal water-supply business
(including small-scale water supply)
4,229円.5 billion (22.9%)
LTransportation
1,218円.9 billion (6.6%)
LResidential development
1,057円.5billion (5.7%)24500 (Unit: \billion)
700 (Unit: \billion)
Trends in the Management Status of Local Public Enterprises
FY2009
FY2008
FY2007
FY2006
FY2005
FY2002
FY1997
(Fiscal year)0100200300400△しろさんかく300
△しろさんかく200
△しろさんかく1000100200300400500600Local public enterprises had a surplus of 298円.6 billion. By type of business, while total water supply, electricity,
and sewage showed a surplus, hospitals continue to register a deficit.
Management Status4Other 24.2
Total surplus
239.2
Surplus
Total deficit
△しろさんかく231.4
Sewage business32.4Electricity 17.7
Industrial
water supply8.2Total water supply
156.7
(including small-scale
water supply)
Transportation
△しろさんかく171.2
Hospitals △しろさんかく57.8
Gas △しろさんかく2.4
Other 36.5
Other △しろさんかく20.3
Total surplus
301.3
Total deficit
△しろさんかく293.4
Sewage business75.5Electricity 11.4
Industrial
water supply18.0Total water supply
159.9
(including small-scale
water supply)
Transportation
△しろさんかく145.2
Hospitals △しろさんかく126.4
Gas △しろさんかく1.5
Other 151.2
Other △しろさんかく19.7
Total surplus
510.2
Total deficit
△しろさんかく233.5
Sewage business80.5Electricity 9.3
Industrial
water supply 23.9
Total water supply
245.3
(including small-scale
water supply)
Transportation
△しろさんかく64.0
Hospitals △しろさんかく147.6
Gas △しろさんかく2.2
Other 272.2
Other △しろさんかく13.6
Total surplus
681.2
Total deficit
△しろさんかく212.6
Sewage business
105.4
Electricity 4.4
Industrial
water supply19.8Total water supply
269.2
(including small-scale
water supply)
Transportation 10.2
Hospitals △しろさんかく194.7
Gas △しろさんかく4.3
Other 21.5
Other 15.3
Other △しろさんかく81.5
Other △しろさんかく47.1
Total surplus
451.1
Total deficit
△しろさんかく263.2
Total surplus
452.6
Total deficit
△しろさんかく154.1
Sewage business
106.0
Sewage business
117.6
Electricity 7.6 Electricity 9.2
Industrial
water supply24.3Industrial
water supply10.4Total water supply
266.8
(including small-scale
water supply)
Total water supply
262.7
(including small-scale
water supply)
Transportation 19.7 Transportation 34.0
Hospitals △しろさんかく181.7
Hospitals △しろさんかく107.0
Gas 5.2 Gas 3.4
Other 72.3
Other △しろさんかく17.5
Total surplus
428.3
Total deficit
△しろさんかく235.1
Sewage business89.3Electricity 12.2
Industrial water supply
△しろさんかく17.8
Total water supply
250.3
(including small-scale
water supply)
Transportation 4.2
Hospitals △しろさんかく198.5
Gas △しろさんかく1.3
7.8 7.9
193.3 187.9
298.6
Total
balance
468.6
276.7
Deficit
Note: "△しろさんかく" denotes negative figures.25TheRoleof
Local
Public
Finance
TrendsandIssuesinLocal
Public
FinanceTheStatusofLocal
Public
Finance
Comparison of the New and Previous Reconstruction Laws
Amid extremely severe financial conditions and the hardening of the financial structure caused by such factors as
the redemption of municipal bonds issued in the past and the aging of society, the soundness of local public
finance is an important issue.
A number of issues were pointed out in the conventional system for the financial reconstruction of local
governments, such as the lack of disclosure of easily understood financial information and a function for prompt
correction.
Accordingly, the present system of local government financial reconstruction was drastically revised for the first
time in about 50 years, and in June 2007 the Act on Assurance of Sound Financial Status of Local Governments
(2007, Law No. 94) was enacted as a new system to thoroughly establish and disclose financial indexes and to
strive for the early stage achievement of soundness and rebuilding of financial affairs. Financial indexes have been
in force since April 2008 and regulations concerning the duty to formulate financial soundness plans, etc., have
been in force since April 2009.
Overview of the Act on Assurance of Sound Financial Status of Local Governments, etc.
Promotion of the Soundness of Local Public Finance1New Law
Previous
ReconstructionLawIssues faced with the previous Reconstruction Law
Law on Special Measures
for the Promotion of Local Financial Reconstruction
(Previous Reconstruction Law)
Corresponding reconstruction system
for public enterprises as well
(Local Public Enterprise Law)
Formulation of financial reconstruction plan
through application by the deficit organization
(Agreement of the minister of internal affairs and communications if necessary.)
Financial rebuilding
Solid rebuilding through
involvement of the central government, etc.
L Disclosure of easy-to-understand financial information, etc.
is inadequate.
L There are only standards for reconstruction organizations and
no early corrective functions.
L There are only balance indexes centered on the ordinary account,
and even if problems relating to the financial condition of stock
(liabilities, etc.) are cited, they are not taken up.
L There are no early corrective functions for public enterprises, etc.
*Prefectures with a deficit ratio of 5% or more and municipalities
with a deficit ratio of 20% or more cannot issue local construction
bonds unless they undertake financial reconstruction in
accordance with the law.
(No agreement)
LRestrictions on the issue of local bonds,
excluding disaster rehabilitation projects, etc.
(Agreement)
LPossible to issue local bonds (rebuilding transfer
special bonds) whose redemption deadline
comes within the plan period in order to transfer
the balance shortfall.
L If financial management is deemed not to
conform with the plan, etc., budget changes, etc.,
are recommended
L Formulation of financial rebuilding plans (approval
by the council), mandatory requests for external
auditing
L Agreement on the financial rebuilding plan can be
sought through consultation with the Minister for
Internal Affairs and Communications.
Early financial soundness
Financial soundness through
independent improvement efforts
L Formulation of financial plans
(approval by the council), mandatory
requests for external auditing
L Report on progress of
implementation to the council and
public announcement every fiscalyearL If the early achievement of financial
soundness is deemed to be
significantly difficult, the Minister for
Internal Affairs and Communications
or the prefectural governor makes
necessary recommendations.
Soundness stage
Establishment of indexes and
thorough information disclosure
L Flow indexes: Real deficit ratio,
consolidated real deficit ratio,
real debt service ratio
L Stock indexes: Future burden
ratio = indexes by real liabilities,
including public enterprises,
third-sector enterprises, etc.
L Reported to the council and
publicity announced, attached to
auditor inspection
Soundness of public enterprise management
Sound
finance
Financial
deterioration26Previous
ReconstructionLawAct on Assurance of Sound Financial Status of
Local Governments
Targets of the Ratio for Determining Soundness
*Calculated for
each public
enterprise account
*Calculated for
each public
enterprise account.
Partial administrative associations,
wide-area local public bodies
Local public corporations,
third-sector enterprises, etc.Realdeficit
ratio
Consolidatedrealdeficit
ratioRealdebt
service
ratio
Future
burden
ratio
Financial
shortfall
ratioRealdeficit
ratioBadDebt
Local
government
General account
General
account,etc.Public
enterprise
accounts
Special accounts
Public
enterprise
accounts27TheRoleof
Local
Public
Finance
TrendsandIssuesinLocal
Public
FinanceTheStatusofLocal
Public
Finance
Outline of the Ratio for Determining Soundness
LReal deficit of general account, etc.: Amount of real deficit in general account and special accounts that are equivalent to an ordinary account
LAmount of real deficit = amount of advanced appropriation + (amount of deferred payment + amount of business balance carried forward)
Real deficit ratio =
Real deficit of general account, etc.
Standard financial scale
LConsolidated real deficit: The difference, if the total of A and B exceeds the total of C and D
A. The total real deficit in general accounts and special accounts that have a real deficit, excluding public enterprises (enterprises regulated and enterprises not regulated by the
Local Public Enterprise Law)
B. The total deficit of funds in special accounts of public enterprises that have a deficit of funds
C. The total real balance surplus in general accounts and special accounts that have a real balance surplus, excluding public enterprises
D. The total surplus of funds in special accounts of public enterprises that have a surplus of funds
Consolidated real deficit ratio =
Consolidated real deficit
Standard financial scale
LQuasi-redemption of principal and interest: Total of A through E
A. Amount corresponding to annual redemption of principal in a case of principal equal amortization in which the redemption period is 30 years for bullet local bonds
B. The amount of transfers from general accounts, etc., to special accounts other than general accounts, etc., acknowledged to be appropriated for revenue resources for the
redemption of public enterprise bonds
C. The amount of burdens and subsidies to associations/local development corporations ("associations, etc.") acknowledged to be appropriated for revenue resources for the
redemption of local bonds issued by the associations, etc.
D. Expenditures based on debt burden that corresponds to debt service
E. Temporary loan interest
Real debt service ratio
(3-year average)=(Redemption of principal and interest of local bonds + quasi-redemption of principal and interest) –
(special financial resources + amount included in standard financial requirements pertaining
to redemption of principal and interest and redemption of principal and interest)
Standard financial scale – (amount included in standard financial requirements pertaining to redemption
of principal and interest and quasi-redemption of principal and interest)
LFuture burden amount: Total amount of A through H
A. Outstanding local government bonds in general accounts, etc., as of the end of the fiscal year previous to the applicable fiscal year
B. Expected amount of expenditure based on the debt burden (those pertaining to the expenses, etc., of each item under Article 5 of the Local Finance Act)
C. Estimated amount of burden, etc., from general accounts, etc., to be appropriated for the redemption of principal of local bonds of accounts other than general accounts, etc.
D. Estimated amount of burden, etc., of the applicable local government to be appropriated for the redemption of principal of local bonds of the associations, etc., of which the
applicable local government is a member
E. The estimated amount of burden in general accounts, etc., for the expected amount of retirement allowance to be paid (amount of allowance that will be paid to all employees at
the term end)
F. The estimated amount of debts of certain corporations established by the local government and debt burden in the case of bearing the debts for such corporations, that is
included in general accounts, etc., giving consideration to the financial and business condition of the those corporations, etc.
G. Consolidated real deficit
H. The estimated amount corresponding to the consolidated real deficit of the associations, etc., included in general accounts, etc.
LAmount of appropriable funds: Funds under Article 241 of the Local Autonomy Act that can be appropriated for the amount of redemption, etc., of A through F
LFund deficit: Fund deficit (enterprises regulated by the law) = (current liabilities + outstanding local government bonds issued to be appropriated as financial resources
for expenses other than construction and improvement expenses, etc. - current assets) – resolvable amount of financial shortfall
Fund deficit (enterprises not regulated by the law) = (amount of advanced appropriation + amount of deferred payment and amount of business balance
carried forward + outstanding local government bonds issued to be appropriated as financial resources for expenses other than construction and
improvement expenses, etc.) – resolvable amount of financial shortfall
* Resolvable amount of financial shortfall: A fixed amount to be deducted from the fund deficit when there are circumstances in which fund deficits arise due to the nature of the project or structurally, for a given period of
time after the commencement of the project.
* Public enterprises that are engaged in residential land development projects are subject to a special exception concerning the calculation of the current assets pertaining to the assessment of land, etc.
LSize of business: Size of business (enterprises regulated by the law) = amount of operating revenue – amount of consigned construction profit
Size of business (enterprises not regulated by the law) = amount of profit corresponding to operating revenue – amount of profit corresponding to
consigned construction profit
* Public enterprises adopting the designated administrator system (usage fee system) are subject to a special exception concerning the amount of operating revenue.
* The size of business of public enterprises that are only engaged in residential land development projects shall be the total amount of capital and debts that show the "financial resource scale for business management"
(scale of procured funds).
Financial shortfall ratio =
Deficit of funds
Size of business
Future burden ratio =
Future burden amount – (amount of appropriable funds + estimated amount of special revenue sources +
amount expected to be included in standard financial requirements pertaining to outstanding local government bonds, etc.)
(amount included in standard financial requirements pertaining to redemption
of principal and interest and quasi-redemption of principal and interest)
Standard financial scale –28Image of Early Financial Soundness, Financial Rebuilding, and Soundness of Public Enterprise Management
State of the Real Deficit Ratio
Real Deficit Ratio
The following table shows the status of the real deficit ratio based on FY2009 account settlements.
Thirteen organizations fall under the category of organizations with a real deficit (i.e., with a real deficit ratio that
exceeds 0%). None of these organizations have a real deficit ratio that equals or exceeds the early financial
soundness standard.
Status of the Ratio for Determining Soundness and the Financial Shortfall Ratio21010203040(No. of organizations)
Financial
deterioration
Early
financial
soundnessandfinancial
rebuilding
Soundnessofpublic
enterprise
management
1Real deficit ratio Note 1
2Consolidated real deficit ratio Note 1
3Real debt service ratio Note 1
4Future burden ratio Note 1
5Financial shortfall ratio
Public enterprise account
(Reference)
Old reconstruction system Note 3
Real deficit ratio
Prefectures Government
ordinance-designated cities
Cities Towns and villages Total
Early financial soundness standard
Early financial soundness stage Financial rebuilding stage
Management soundness standard
Financial rebuilding standard
11.25–15% (3.75%)0%0%
16.25–20% (8.75%)
25% (25%)20%20% (5%)
30% (15%)
35% (35%)
350% (400%)・1 must be balanced (0%)・2 to 4 must be less than the early
financial soundness standard
Planned target・5 must be lower than the management soundness
standard
Planned target of organizations to be
subject to financial rebuilding・1 must be balanced (0%)・2 to 4 must be less than the early
financial rebuilding standard152 41–2 4–Organizations
subject to
financial
soundness
Organizations
subject to
management
soundness
Organizations
subject to
financial
rebuilding
Organizations targeted
similarly under reconstruction
Planned target of organizations to be
subject to financial soundness
The number of organizations with a real deficit
The number of those organizations with a real deficit ratio equaling or
exceeding the early financial soundness standard
The number of those organizations with a real deficit ratio equaling or
exceeding the financial rebuilding standard
0 0 0 1 0 080 0 4 0 0130 0
Note 1: Figures outside parentheses are the standards for municipalities. Figures inside parentheses are the standards for prefectures. The standards of the Tokyo Municipal
Government regarding the real deficit ratio and the consolidated real deficit ratio are specified separately.
Note 2: Transitional standards have been established for the financial recovery standards for the consolidated real deficit ratio (H21: 40% (25%), H22: 40% (25%), H23: 35% (20%)).
Transitional measures have been established for the standards for the Tokyo Municipal Government as well.
Note 3: Under the previous Reconstruction Law, an organization under reconstruction was required to ensure the equilibrium of the real balance.29TheRoleof
Local
Public
Finance
TrendsandIssuesinLocal
Public
FinanceTheStatusofLocal
Public
Finance
Status of the Consolidated Real Deficit Ratio
Consolidated Real Deficit Ratio
The following table shows the status of the consolidated real deficit ratio based on FY2009 account settlements.
Thirty-one organizations fall under the category of organizations with a consolidated real deficit (i.e., with a
consolidated real deficit ratio that exceeds 0%). None of these organizations have a consolidated real deficit ratio
that equals or exceeds the early financial soundness standard.2Status of the Real Debt Service Ratio
Real Debt Service Ratio
The following table shows the status of the real debt service ratio based on FY2009 account settlements.
There are 12 organizations whose real debt service ratio equals or exceeds the early financial soundness standard.
One of these organizations has a real debt service ratio that equals or exceeds the financial rebuilding standard.301020304050607080
(No. of organizations)
Prefectures Government
ordinance-designated cities
Cities Towns and villages Total01020304050607080(No. of organizations)
Prefectures Government
ordinance-designated cities
Cities Towns and villages Total
The number of organizations with a real debt service ratio equaling or
exceeding the early financial soundness standard
The number of organizations with a real debt service ratio equaling or
exceeding the financial rebuilding standard
The number of organizations with a consolidated real deficit
The number of those organizations with a consolidated real deficit ratio equaling
or exceeding the early financial soundness standard
The number of those organizations with a consolidated real deficit ratio equaling
or exceeding the financial rebuilding standard
0 0 0
0 0 0 01002 11212 0 0190 0100 0310 030Status of the Future Burden Ratio
Future Burden Ratio
The following table shows the status of the future burden ratio based on FY2009 account settlements.
There are three organizations whose future burden ratio equals or exceeds the early financial soundness standards.4Status of the Financial Shortfall Ratio (Number of Accounts by Type of Organization)
Financial Shortfall Ratio
The following table shows the status of the financial shortfall ratio based on FY2009 account settlements.
The accounts of 162 public enterprises fall under the category of accounts with a financial shortfall (i.e., with a
financial shortfall ratio that exceeds 0%). Forty-nine of these accounts have a financial shortfall ratio that equals or
exceeds the financial soundness standard.5020406080100120140160180200
(No. of organizations)01020304050607080(No. of organizations)
Prefectures Government
ordinance-designated cities
Cities Towns and villages Total
Prefectures Total
Partial administrative
associations, etc.
Towns and villages
Cities
Government
ordinance-designated cities
The number of accounts of public enterprises with a financial shortfall
The number of those accounts of public enterprises with a financial shortfall ratio equaling
or exceeding the financial soundness standard
The number of organizations with a future burden ratio equaling or
exceeding the early financial soundness standard
0 0 2 1 33 0114982538
14 1261624931TheRoleofLocal
Public
Finance
TrendsandIssuesinLocal
Public
FinanceTheStatusofLocal
Public
Finance
Trends and Issues in Local Public Finance
Transfer of authority to municipalities
The government reviews and revises the distribution of office work between prefectures and municipalities, based on the
"principle of subsidiarity," and works to prepare and maintain the required laws, etc., that enable the municipalities that are the
closest to the residents to handle the maximum amount possible of a wide range of office work related to public administration.2Reform of local agencies of the national government
The government is moving ahead with reforms of the local agencies of the national government that will make it possible to
delegate the maximum amount possible of public administration that is close to the residents to local municipalities, and to
enable local municipalities to independently and more comprehensively conduct public administration in the region.3Revision of obligations and limitations
Because laws and regulations contain a large number of obligations and limitations that restrict the implementation of office work
and the methods for such work by the national government regarding the governmental affairs of local public entities, the
government is working to review and revise those obligations and limitations, expand the power to establish ordinances, and
reform the mechanism for implementation of public administration under the discretion and responsibility of local public entities
themselves.
In addition, from the standpoint of increasing the independence and autonomy of local public entities, the government engages
in activities to prepare and maintain the required laws, etc., such as removing the requirement for deliberation, as a rule, when
organizations with favorable financial status issue private fund bonds.1Conversion of "conditional national treasury disbursements" to bulk grants
"Conditional national treasury disbursements" from the national government to local regions will be gradually discontinued, and
beginning with the FY2011 budget, bulk grants that can essentially be used freely by the local governments will be established.4Ensuring enhanced local tax revenue sources
In addition to reviewing and revising the allocation of tax revenue sources between the national and local governments from the
standpoint of expanding financial resources that can be used freely by local governments, efforts are underway to create a local
tax system that provides stable tax revenue and has little imbalance of tax sources.
In addition, reforms are under way to expand the "independent judgment" and "executive responsibility" of local public entities
and broaden their tax autonomy, thereby enabling local public entities to utilize their ingenuity in the aspect of taxes as well.5Revision of the allocation tax system
As part of efforts to simplify the method of calculating local allocation tax and make that method more transparent, it was
decided that the 6% ratio of total allocation tax consisting of special allocation tax will be gradually decreased, with that portion
being transitioned to ordinary allocation tax.
Meanwhile, exceptions have been established that make it possible to determine and allocate the amounts of special allocation
tax on a case-by-case basis, in addition to the regular determination and allocations in December and March, when large-scale
disasters that present the danger of significant impact on the financial administration of local public entities occur.
In addition, it was decided to implement further reductions in supplements for operating costs, from the standpoint of aiming for
the independent and autonomous financial administration of local public entities.6The government promotes decentralization to allow residents of individual regions to take responsibility to determine the issues
of those regions. Specifically, the Decentralization Strategy Council takes the lead in conducting discussions directed toward
review and revision of the obligations and limitations and expansion of the power to establish ordinances, transfer of authority to
municipalities, reform of local agencies of the national government, and conversion of "conditional national treasury
disbursements" to bulk grants, etc.
Decentralization132
Economic policy and regional revitalization based on new growth strategy
The "Comprehensive Emergency Economic Countermeasures to a High Yen Rate and Deflation" established the
"Regional Revitalization Grant" (350円.0 billion), the "Detailed Grant" (250円.0 billion), and the "Grant to Focus Light to
the Lives of Residents" (100円.0 billion). The "Detailed Grant" provides support for the implementation of detailed
work to respond to the revitalization needs of the region, such as laying power lines underground in sightseeing
spots. The "Grant to Focus Light to the Lives of Residents" provides support for local efforts regarding issues that,
while important in the lives of the residents, have not been given sufficient attention in the past.2Creation of regional strength
To create active local communities and establish local power, the government promotes "green decentralization
reform" and the "autonomous settlement region concept," and provides support for the self-reliance and vitalization
of under-populated regions and other disadvantaged areas, to enable various parties and entities in each region to
collaborate and work together to utilize local resources, thereby implementing a variety of activities that boost the
strength of the region.1Discontinuation of the contribution system for businesses controlled by the national government
It was decided to discontinue the contribution system related to maintenance management, beginning in FY2010.7Fundamental revision of the Local Autonomy Act
The Local Autonomy Act is undergoing fundamental review and revision from the standpoint of enabling local
residents to think for themselves, take proactive steps, and assume responsibility for those actions and choices.8Creation of Regional Strength and New Growth Strategy2Optimization of salaries and promotion of appropriate workforce management
Almost all local public entities have lowered salary table levels and implemented other reforms in consideration of
the efforts of the national government to reform the salary structure.
In the 5 years from April 1, 2005 to April 1, 2010, there was a 5.3% decrease in workforce in prefectures, 10.6% in
government ordinance-designated cities, and 9.9% in municipalities other than government ordinance-designated
cities, for a 7.5% decrease in local public entities overall.1Promotion of reform of local public accounting
Preparations are under way for public accounting through accrual accounting and double-entry bookkeeping, to
enable the disclosure of financial information related to assets and expenses that are difficult to determine from
cash accounting.3Reform of local public enterprises
The following activities are being conducted to enable local public enterprises to fulfill their purpose—that of
providing public services—in the future.
L Promotion of fundamental reform of local public enterprises
L Promotion of fundamental reform of quasi-public entities
L Review and revision of the local public enterprise accounting system2Administrative and Fiscal Reform333TheRoleofLocal
Public
FinanceTheStatusofLocal
Public
Finance
TrendsandIssuesinLocal
Public
Finance
As the circumstances of local public finance become more severe, a variety of efforts are under way to ensure
accountability.
The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications complies and posts "expenditure comparative analysis tables"
and "financial comparative analysis tables" on its website. The purpose of this is to disclose information to residents
in an easy-to-understand manner through forms that are comparable to those of other local governments. This
enables each local public entity to promote sound financial administration while obtaining the understanding and
cooperation of residents.
It is expected that the creation and disclosure of "expenditure comparative analysis tables" for
comparative analysis of expenditures between similar organizations will be utilized for the effective
reduction of expenditures beginning with the FY2006 settlement.
Promotion of information disclosure
❶ Expenditure comparative analysis tables
Website
http://www.soumu.go.jp/iken/saishutsuhyo/index.html
"Financial comparative analysis tables" are used for comparative analysis of the principal financial
indicators, etc., between similar organizations and analysis of the efforts, etc., of each organization toward
the improvement of the indicators, etc.
❷ Financial comparative analysis tables
Website
http://www.soumu.go.jp/iken/bunsekihyo.html
The settlement data of all prefectures and municipalities (since FY2001) are shown using settlement cards
for each individual organization and posted on the website.
❸ Settlement cards
Website
http://www.soumu.go.jp/iken/zaisei/card.html
In response to the demand for the disclosure of comprehensive financial information that can be taken in
at a glance, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications compiles financial condition tables, which,
in addition to ordinary accounts, include the status of enterprise accounts and other special accounts, the
management status of quasi-public enterprises, etc., and the status of financial assistance, and posts
them on its website, as part of measures to disclose the comprehensive financial condition of each local
public entity.
❹ Financial condition tables, etc.
Website
http://www.soumu.go.jp/iken/zaisei̲ichiran.html34FY2009 Settlement
- Illustrated -
Financial Management Division,
Local Public Finance Bureau,
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
White Paper on
Local Public Finance, 2011
Address: 2-1-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8926,
Japan
Tel.: +81-(0)3-5253-5111 (ext. 5649)
http://www.soumu.go.jp
All Rights Reserved