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(2016”N10ŒŽ06“ú) 2013 Census data reports populations for Komo-Océan and Owendo in Estuaire provence. So I have added those departments here.

Sorin Cosoveanu reports that two new departments were formed in 2006-04. They are Cap Estérias and Komo-Océan, both split from Komo-Mondah.

I've added populations according to the 2003 census, from a document (source [8]) sent by Sorin Cosoveanu.

Gabon is divided into provinces, which are subdivided into départements (departments). I found a number of sources for the departments of Gabon (sources [2-7], and Wikipedia), but they disagree with each other. The SALB data seem to cover the facts best, so they are the basis for the table below.

The 2003 population figures come from source [8], with one correction. In the source, Lombo-Bouenguidi department is divided into two cantons and one commune, whose populations don't add up to the total population given for the department. Lombo-Bouenguidi department belongs to Ogoou?-Lolo province. The populations given for the four departments of Ogoou?-Lolo province don't add up to the total population given for the province. Adding 200 to the population of Lombo-Bouenguidi makes both totals come out right. The corrected figure is shown above.

Change history:

1975”N12ŒŽ18“ú: Territorial administration of Gabon underwent a reform, resulting in the following 37 departments (source [1]).

1. ~1996-2000: Eleven new departments created. Sorin Cosoveanu has analyzed the splits as follows: Léconi-Djou? department split into Bayi-Brikolo, Djou?, Lékabi-Léwolo, and Lékoni-Lékori; Djouori-Agnili department split from Plateaux; Doutsila and Mongo departments split from Mougoutsi; Louetsi-Bibaka department split from Boumi-Louetsi; Mougalaba department split from Douya-Onoye; Offou?-Onoye department split from Lolo-Bouenguidi; Ogoou?-Létili department split from Lékoko. Libreville commune may have existed before this date, but if not, it would have been split from Komo-Mondah. The resulting division is shown in the first table above.
2. 2006”N01ŒŽ04“ú: Two new departments created in Estuaire province, apparently both split from Komo-Mondah: Komo Océan (capital Ndzomoe) and Cap-Estérias (capital Cap-Estérias).

Other names of subdivisions:

1. Bayi-Brikolo: Mbayi-Brikolo (variant)
2. Mouloundou: Mulundu (variant)
3. Séb?-Brikolo: Séb?-Brokolo (variant)

Sources:

1. [1] Géographie et Cartographie du Gabon: atlas illustr?, by Jacques Barret, EDICEF, Paris, 1983.
2. [2] SALB project, attributed to Institut National de Cartographie; first draft dated 2000, second draft dated 2005, with updates made 2003”N01ŒŽ15“ú (Libreville, correcting a misunderstanding) and 2003”N04ŒŽ03“ú (Bayi-Brikolo, Mougalaba, and Mongo).
3. [3] Consulate of Gabon in France (retrieved 2009”N04ŒŽ06“ú).
4. [4] Internet Gabon (dated 2008, retrieved 2009”N04ŒŽ06“ú).
5. [5] Journal Officiel de la République Gabonaise: Jan. 1997 (retrieved 2009”N04ŒŽ06“ú).
6. [6] Gabon National Assembly website (retrieved 2009”N04ŒŽ06“ú).
7. [7] legabon.org (retrieved 2009”N04ŒŽ06“ú).
8. [8] 2003 population figures from Journal Officiel de la République Gabonaise, Février 2005, p. 11 ff. These data are as corrected by the constitutional court in Decision No. 003/CC, 2005”N02ŒŽ17“ú.