FUNCTION Involved in double-strand break repair and/or homologous recombination. Binds RAD51 and potentiates recombinational DNA repair by promoting assembly of RAD51 onto single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Acts by targeting RAD51 to ssDNA over double-stranded DNA, enabling RAD51 to displace replication protein-A (RPA) from ssDNA and stabilizing RAD51-ssDNA filaments by blocking ATP hydrolysis. Part of a PALB2-scaffolded HR complex containing RAD51C and which is thought to play a role in DNA repair by HR. May participate in S phase checkpoint activation. Binds selectively to ssDNA, and to ssDNA in tailed duplexes and replication fork structures. May play a role in the extension step after strand invasion at replication-dependent DNA double-strand breaks; together with PALB2 is involved in both POLH localization at collapsed replication forks and DNA polymerization activity. In concert with NPM1, regulates centrosome duplication. Interacts with the TREX-2 complex (transcription and export complex 2) subunits PCID2 and SEM1, and is required to prevent R-loop-associated DNA damage and thus transcription-associated genomic instability. Silencing of BRCA2 promotes R-loop accumulation at actively transcribed genes in replicating and non-replicating cells, suggesting that BRCA2 mediates the control of R-loop associated genomic instability, independently of its known role in homologous recombination (PubMed:24896180).SUBUNIT Monomer and dimer (PubMed:20729858). Interacts with RAD51; regulates RAD51 recruitment and function at sites of DNA repair (PubMed:12442171, PubMed:15800615, PubMed:18317453, PubMed:20729832, PubMed:20729859). Interacts with WDR16, USP11, DMC1, ROCK2 and NPM1 (PubMed:15314155, PubMed:15967112, PubMed:20729832, PubMed:21084279). Interacts with SEM1; the interaction masks a nuclear export signal in BRCA2 (PubMed:10373512, PubMed:16205630, PubMed:21719596, PubMed:24013206). Interacts with both nonubiquitinated and monoubiquitinated FANCD2; this complex also includes XRCC3 and phosphorylated FANCG (PubMed:15115758, PubMed:15199141, PubMed:18212739). Part of a BRCA complex containing BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2 (PubMed:19369211). Component of the homologous recombination repair (HR) complex composed of ERCC5/XPG, BRCA2, PALB2, DSS1 and RAD51 (PubMed:26833090). Within the complex, interacts with ERCC5/XPG and PALB2 (PubMed:26833090). Interacts directly with PALB2 which may serve as a scaffold for a HR complex containing PALB2, BRCA2, RAD51C, RAD51 and XRCC3 (PubMed:16793542, PubMed:19369211, PubMed:19609323, PubMed:24141787, PubMed:26833090, PubMed:28319063). Interacts with BRCA1 only in the presence of PALB2 which serves as the bridging protein (PubMed:19369211). Interacts with POLH; the interaction is direct (PubMed:24485656). Interacts with the TREX-2 complex subunits PCID2 and SEM1 (PubMed:21719596, PubMed:24896180). Interacts with HSF2BP and BRME1; the interaction with HSF2BP is direct and allows the formation of a ternary complex (PubMed:31242413). The complex BRME1:HSF2BP:BRCA2 interacts with SPATA22, MEIOB and RAD51 (By similarity).INTERACTION Colocalizes with ERCC5/XPG to nuclear foci following DNA replication stress.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Highest levels of expression in breast and thymus, with slightly lower levels in lung, ovary and spleen.PTM Phosphorylated by ATM upon irradiation-induced DNA damage. Phosphorylation by CHEK1 and CHEK2 regulates interaction with RAD51. Phosphorylation at Ser-3291 by CDK1 and CDK2 is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis; this phosphorylation prevents homologous recombination-dependent repair during S phase and G2 by inhibiting RAD51 binding.PTM Ubiquitinated in the absence of DNA damage; this does not lead to proteasomal degradation. In contrast, ubiquitination in response to DNA damage leads to proteasomal degradation.DISEASE Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.DISEASE The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.DISEASE Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.DISEASE The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.DISEASE The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.DISEASE Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.ONLINE INFORMATION BRCA2 entry