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07/17/2025

Ecology

Canopy insect communities are shaped by the genes and phenotypes of their aspen hosts

Morrow and colleagues identified the genetic links between heritable aspen tree traits and the insect herbivore communities they host. Tree size, leaf metabolites, leaf thickness, and nutritional composition all influenced insect species diversity, with 88 aspen genes found to drive these interactions.

Image credit: Canyon Nature Trail by Famartin, CC BY-SA 3.0

Canopy insect communities are shaped by the genes and phenotypes of their aspen hosts

07/17/2025

Scientific Integrity

Widespread misidentification of scanning electron microscope instruments in the peer-reviewed materials science and engineering literature

Richardson and colleagues correlate the misidentification of SEM instrumentation in materials science and engineering literature with increased post-publication reports of irreproducibility, errors and impropriety. Such inconsistencies are discussed as potential markers for paper mills.

Image credit: First Scanning Electron Microscope by Dr. rer. nat. Alexander von Ardenne, CC BY-SA 3.0.

Widespread misidentification of scanning electron microscope instruments in the peer-reviewed materials science and engineering literature

07/17/2025

Generative AI

Language in vivo vs. in silico: Size matters but Larger Language Models still do not comprehend language on a par with humans due to impenetrable semantic reference

Dentella and colleagues compared the responses of human participants against large language models (LLM) in grammaticality judgments. Despite high performance by ChatGPT-4, key differences remain in how LLMs and humans process language, suggesting that increasing model size alone may not reduce the comprehension gap.

Image credit: Artificial Intelligence by Tung Nguyen, Pixabay

Language in vivo vs. in silico: Size matters but Larger Language Models still do not comprehend language on a par with humans due to impenetrable semantic reference

07/24/2025

Digital Health

Enhancing tuberculosis treatment support: A thematic analysis of interactive messages in a digital adherence technology trial to identify needs, challenges, and strategies for improvement

Roberti and colleagues highlight the importance of personalized, empathetic communication, and reliable technology to enhance the effectiveness of digital adherence technologies for tuberculosis treatment.

Image credit: Doctor hands using a modern tablet by Freepik, Freepik

Enhancing tuberculosis treatment support: A thematic analysis of interactive messages in a digital adherence technology trial to identify needs, challenges, and strategies for improvement

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PLOS One | ISSN: 1932-6203 (online)

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