TUCoPS :: Unix :: General
:: ciaci018.txt
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
__________________________________________________________
The U.S. Department of Energy
Computer Incident Advisory Capability
___ __ __ _ ___
/ | /_\ /
\___ __|__ / \ \___
__________________________________________________________
INFORMATION BULLETIN
FTP Bounce Vulnerability
May 6, 1998 23:00 GMT Number I-018a
______________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM: The problem is based on the misuse of the PORT command in the
FTP protocol.
PLATFORMS: Cray Research - Unicos and Unicos/mk
DIGITAL UNIX V3.2g, V4.0, V4.0a, V4.0b, V4.0c.
FreeBSD 2.1.7 and earlier, 2.2.0 and later if allow -R option
HP-UX - -9.X and 10.X, on HP 9000 series 300/400s and 700/800s
IBM AIX - all ftp servers
MadGoat - fixed in MGFTP V2.2-2
NCR Corporation - later than
inet 05.01.01.62
inet 06.01.00.22
inet 06.02.00.03
NetBSD - 1.2.1 , no patches
OpenBSD - prior to OpenBSD 2.1
SCO - OpenServer 5.0.4
UnixWare 2.1
ODT 3.0
CMW+
Siemens-Nixdorf - ReliantUNIX
Sun Microsystems - SunOS 4.1.x and 5.x
DAMAGE: An attacker may be able to establish a connection between the
FTP server machine and an arbitrary port on another system.
SOLUTION: Apply patches or workaround.
______________________________________________________________________________
VULNERABILITY It is recommended that you install a comprehensive patch if one
ASSESSMENT: is available or use the wu-ftpd package identified in Section
III.B.
______________________________________________________________________________
[ Append on May 6, 1998 with additional patch information from Digital ]
[ Start CERT Advisory ]
=============================================================================
CERT* Advisory CA-97.27
Original issue date: Dec. 10, 1997
Last revised: December 16, 1997 - Vendor updates for Sun Microsystems, Inc.
A complete revision history is at the end of this file.
Topic: FTP Bounce
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
In some implementations of FTP daemons, the PORT command can be misused to
open a connection to a port of the attacker's choosing on a machine that the
attacker could not have accessed directly. There have been ongoing discussions
about this problem (called "FTP bounce") for several years, and some vendors
have developed solutions for this problem.
The CERT/CC staff urges you to install a comprehensive patch if one is
available. Until then, we recommend the wu-ftpd package identified in Section
III.B. as a workaround.
We will update this advisory as we receive additional information. Please
check our advisory files regularly for updates that relate to your site.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Description
In the past few years there have been ongoing discussions about a
problem known as "FTP bounce." In its simplest terms, the problem is
based on the misuse of the PORT command in the FTP protocol.
To understand the FTP bounce attack, please see the tech tip at
ftp://ftp.cert.org/pub/tech_tips/FTP_PORT_attacks
The core component of the problem is that by using the PORT command in
active FTP mode, an attacker may be able to establish connections to
arbitrary ports on machines other than the originating client. This
behavior is RFC compliant, but it is also potentially a source of
security problems for some sites. The example attacks described in the
tech tip demonstrate the potential of this vulnerability.
II. Impact
An attacker may be able to establish a connection between the FTP server
machine and an arbitrary port on another system. This connection may be
used to bypass access controls that would otherwise apply.
III. Solution
Because the core element of the attack (the FTP server can establish
connections to arbitrary machines and arbitrary ports) is also a required
component for RFC compliance, there is no clear-cut solution. With this
in mind, we urge you to carefully consider the type of service that your
site offers.
The best solution solely from a security perspective is to ensure that
your FTP server software cannot establish connections to arbitrary
machines. However, sites that rely on the RFC-compliant behavior may
find that implementing this solution will affect applications that they
use. (We have not received any first-hand reports of such cases.)
Consequently, many vendors offer solutions that allow sites offering the
FTP service to make the choice that best suits them. You should check to
see what type of behavior your vendor's FTP daemon adopts (Section A).
If you wish to implement an FTP service that does not allow this attack
and your vendor does not offer a daemon with this functionality, consider
using the wu-ftpd package described in Section B. Other steps you can
take are described in Section C.
A. Vendor Information
It is our experience that vendor implementations fall into one of
these groups:
(1) strict conformance with RFC functionality: The PORT command
may be used to connect directly to a third-party machine, and
this is the only functionality allowed. Some vendors who
choose to maintain strict conformance have addressed this
problem by modifying all other network services to reject
connections originating from the FTP data port (port 20).
(2) strict suppression of the PORT command: The PORT command may
be used to connect to the originating client, and this is the
only functionality allowed.
(3) variable PORT command behavior: The PORT command may be used
in either of the above two ways, with one way being the
default. Switching between them is usually achieved with a
command line parameter. You should be careful to verify which
is the default.
Appendix A contains a list of vendors who have provided
information about this problem. We will update the appendix as we
receive more information. If you do not see your vendor's name,
the CERT/CC did not hear from that vendor. Please contact your
vendor directly.
B. Use the wu-ftpd package as a workaround.
The wu-ftpd package addresses the FTP bounce problem by ensuring that
the PORT command cannot be used to establish connections to machines
other than the originating client. Please read the wu-ftpd README
file "FIXES-2.4-HOBBIT" before installing the package.
The latest version of wu-ftpd, which we recommend, is available from
ftp://ftp.academ.com/pub/wu-ftpd/private/wu-ftpd-2.4.2-beta-
15.tar.Z
DFN-CERT mirrors this software at
ftp://ftp.cert.dfn.de/pub/tools/net/wuarchive-ftpd/academ-betas/wu-
ftpd-2.4.2-beta-15.tar.Z
MD5 (wu-ftpd-2.4.2-beta-15.tar.Z) = 6c8172b83ab2545a5b91a9aba4840630
If you use a previous version (whether a beta version or full
release), do not assume that your site is immune from these problems
or other problems discussed in previous advisories.
C. FTP Configuration
Some attacks rely on an intermediate file being uploaded to one or
more server machines via (usually anonymous) FTP. This file is
used in a later phase of the attack.
Your site should offer anonymous upload facilities only if it is
absolutely necessary. Even then, you must carefully configure the
incoming area. For further details, see "Anonymous FTP Configuration
Guidelines" at
ftp://ftp.cert.org/pub/tech_tips/anonymous_ftp_config
Note that these steps only repel attacks that rely on intermediate
uploads. The steps are not effective against other attacks.
If your site allows file uploads, we urge your to ensure that the
FTP service restricts the PORT command so that it can only be used
to connect to the originating client.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Appendix A - Vendor Information
Below is a list of the vendors who have provided information for this
advisory. We will update this appendix as we receive additional information.
If you do not see your vendor's name, the CERT/CC did not hear from that
vendor. Please contact the vendor directly.
Caldera, Inc.
- - -------------
Caldera OpenLinux(tm) 1.2 ships with wu-ftpd-2.4.2 beta 15. For those
with earlier versions of wu-ftpd, updates to this package can be
obtained from:
ftp://ftp.caldera.com/pub/openlinux/updates/1.1/current/
Other Caldera security resources are located at:
http://www.caldera.com/tech-ref/security/
Cray Research - A Silicon Graphics Company
- - ------------------------------------------
The ftpd supplied with Unicos and Unicos/mk is currently in category 1.
We are working to make it category 3.
DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION
- - -----------------------------
DIGITAL UNIX V3.2c thru V3.2g
DIGITAL UNIX V4.0 thru V4.0c
At the time of writing this document, patches(binary kits) are in
progress and final testing has been completed. Distribution of the
fix for this problem is expected to begin soon (BL9 and possibly
as early release patches). Digital will provide notice of the
completion/availibility of the patches through AES services (DIA,
DSNlink) the DIGITAL Patch Service WEB site, and be available from
your normal Digital Support channel.
DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION 12/97
----------------------------- ------
The FreeBSD Project
- - -------------------
FreeBSD 2.2.0 and all later releases do not allow the FTP bounce attack
(unless explicitly allowed by the -R option). FreeBSD 2.1.7 and earlier
releases can be abused by the bounce attack.
Hewlett-Packard Company
- - -----------------------
This problem is addressed HP Security Bulletin 028. This bulletin can
be found at one of these URLs:
http://us-support.external.hp.com
(for US, Canada, Asia-Pacific, & Latin-America)
http://europe-support.external.hp.com
(for Europe)
************************************************************************
Current patches for SB#28 as of 11/5/97 from security patch matrix
************************************************************************
Security Bulletin 028: Security Vulnerability in FTP
Current Original
-------------------- --------------------
s300 8.00: None s300 8.00: None
s300 9.00: PHNE_6146 s300 9.00: PHNE_6146
s300 9.03: PHNE_6146 s300 9.03: PHNE_6146
s300 9.10: PHNE_6146 s300 9.10: PHNE_6146
s700 8.05: None s700 8.05: None
s700 8.07: None s700 8.07: None
s700 9.01: PHNE_10008 s700 9.01: PHNE_6013
s700 9.03: PHNE_10008 s700 9.03: PHNE_6013
s700 9.05: PHNE_10008 s700 9.05: PHNE_6013
s700 9.07: PHNE_10008 s700 9.07: PHNE_6013
s700 9.09: PHNE_6169 s700 9.09: PHNE_6169
PHNE_6170 PHNE_6170
s700 10.00: PHNE_10009 s700 10.00: PHNE_6014
s700 10.01: PHNE_10009 s700 10.01: PHNE_6014
s700 10.09: PHNE_5965 s700 10.09: PHNE_5965
s700 10.10: PHNE_10009 s700 10.10: None
s700 10.16: None s700 10.16: None
s700 10.20: None s700 10.20: None
s700 10.24: None s700 10.24: None
s700 10.30: None s700 10.30: None
s800 8.00: None s800 8.00: None
s800 8.02: None s800 8.02: None
s800 8.06: None s800 8.06: None
s800 9.00: PHNE_10008 s800 9.00: PHNE_6013
s800 9.04: PHNE_10008 s800 9.04: PHNE_6013
s800 9.08: PHNE_6171 s800 9.08: PHNE_6171
s800 10.00: PHNE_10009 s800 10.00: PHNE_6014
s800 10.01: PHNE_10009 s800 10.01: PHNE_6014
s800 10.09: None s800 10.09: None
s800 10.10: PHNE_10009 s800 10.10: None
s800 10.16: None s800 10.16: None
s800 10.20: None s800 10.20: None
s800 10.24: None s800 10.24: None
s800 10.30: None s800 10.30: None
***************************************************************************
Accessing the HP ESC
***************************************************************************
Hewlett Packard's HP-UX patches/Security Bulletins/Security
patches are available via email and/or WWW (via the browser
of your choice) on HP Supportline (HPSL).
---------------------------------------------------------------------
To subscribe to automatically receive future NEW HP Security Bulletins from
the HP SupportLine Digest service via electronic mail, do the following:
1) From your Web browser, access the URL:
http://us-support.external.hp.com (US,Canada,Asia-Pacific,
and Latin-America)
http://europe-support.external.hp.com (Europe)
Login with your user ID and password, or register for one (remember
to save the User ID assigned to you, and your password). Once you are
on the Main Menu, Click on the Technical Knowledge Database, and it
will connect to a HP Search Technical Knowledge DB page. Near the
bottom is a hyperlink to our Security Bulletin archive. Once in the
archive there is another link to our current security patch matrix.
Updated daily, this matrix is categorized by platform/OS release,
and by bulletin topic.
IBM Corporation
- - ---------------
All AIX ftp servers are vulnerable to the FTP bounce attack. The
following fixes are in progress:
AIX 3.2: upgrade to v4
AIX 4.1: IX73075
AIX 4.2: IX73076
AIX 4.3: IX73077
To Order
--------
APARs may be ordered using Electronic Fix Distribution (via FixDist)
or from the IBM Support Center. For more information on FixDist,
reference URL:
http://service.software.ibm.com/aixsupport/
or send e-mail to aixserv@austin.ibm.com with a subject of "FixDist".
MadGoat
- - -------
This problem is fixed in MGFTP V2.2-2, which was released several months
ago. That version restricts the port numbers to ports above 1024.
However, it does not block access to third-party machines. V2.2-4,
scheduled for release next week, will do that as well.
Microsoft Corporation
- - ---------------------
We prevent this attack by disallowing "third party" transfers. This is
done via a modification to our implementation of the PORT command. When
the FTP server receives a PORT command, the specified IP address *must*
match the client's source IP address for the control channel.
In other words, then the client sends a PORT command to the FTP server,
giving the server an IP address & port number to connect back to the
client for the data transfer, the IP address *must* be the client's
original IP address.
We have one other fix in which we disallow the PORT command from
specifying reserved ports (those less than 1024) except port 20 (the
default data port). By default, any client attempt to issue a port
command with (port < 1024 && port != 20) will cause the PORT command to
fail. This check can be disabled setting the EnablePortAttack registry
value.
NEC Corporation
- - ---------------
Several NEC Unix systems have proven vulnerable. Work is currently
underway to identify all affected systems. Patches are forthcoming.
NCR Corporation
- - ---------------
NCR is delivering a set of operating system dependent patches which
contain an update for this problem. Accompanying each patch is a
README file which discusses the general purpose of the patch and
describes how to apply it to your system.
Recommended solution: Apply one of the following patches depending on
the revision of the inet package installed on your system. To check its
version execute:
pkginfo -x inet
For inet 5.01.xx.xx: - PINET501 (Version later than 05.01.01.62)
For inet 6.01.xx.xx: - PINET601 (Version later than 06.01.00.22)
For inet 6.02.xx.xx: - PINET602 (Version later than 06.02.00.03)
After installation of the respective patch, the default behavior will be
to protect from this vulnerability.. A new ftpd man-page describe how to
enable the old RFC compliant behavior.
The NetBSD Project
- - ------------------
There are no patches for NetBSD 1.2.1 or prior, however the ftpd
sources available from:
ftp.netbsd.org:/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-current/src/libexec/ftpd
should work on a NetBSD 1.2.1 machine.
The OpenBSD project
- - -------------------
FTP bounce can be fixed in the operating system by fixing all vulnerable
services by checking for connections from port 20. Since this has been
done in OpenBSD, OpenBSD is not vulnerable and does NOT NEED the
variable port command. The solution applies since OpenBSD 2.1 (ie. it
applies for both 2.1 and for 2.2).
Red Hat Software
- - ----------------
We ship wu-ftpd, so this isn't a problem for us.
The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc.
- - ------------------------------
SCO has determined that the following Operating systems are vulnerable
to the ftp-bounce attack :-
OpenServer 5.0.4
UnixWare 2.1
ODT 3.0
CMW+
We are currently working on a fix to this problem.
Siemens-Nixdorf Informationssysteme AG
- - --------------------------------------
ReliantUNIX is vulnerable.
The problem has been corrected in the current sources.
Patches will be developed (as necessary) and made available via your
Siemens-Nixdorf customers service.
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
- - ----------------------
Sun's FTP server software in SunOS 4.1.x and 5.x allow PORT requests
to make data connections to arbitrary hosts. Prior to SunOS 5.6, Sun's
FTP server software also allows data connections to arbitrary ports.
In SunOS 5.6, the FTP server software does not accept PORT requests to make
data connections to well-known (privileged) ports. Sun has also released
the following patches that prevent Sun's FTP server software from accepting
PORT requests to make data connections to well-known ports for the
following SunOS releases:
103603-05 SunOS 5.5.1
103604-05 SunOS 5.5.1_x86
103577-06 SunOS 5.5
103578-06 SunOS 5.5_x86
101945-51 SunOS 5.4
101946-45 SunOS 5.4_x86
104938-01 SunOS 5.3
104477-03 SunOS 4.1.4
104454-03 SunOS 4.1.3_U1
Sun recommends that sites that do not require their FTP server make
connections to arbitrary hosts consider using wu-ftpd as a workaround.
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- -
The CERT Coordination Center thanks AUSCERT and DFN-CERT for helping
develop this advisory. We also thank Steve Bellovin and the vendors who
offered valuable comments on the problem and solutions: BSDI, Hewlett-Packard,
Livingston, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Sun Microsystems.
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- -
If you believe that your system has been compromised, contact the CERT
Coordination Center or your representative in the Forum of Incident Response
and Security Teams (see http://www.first.org/team-info/).
CERT/CC Contact Information
- - ----------------------------
Email cert@cert.org
Phone +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline)
CERT personnel answer 8:30-5:00 p.m. EST(GMT-5) / EDT(GMT-4)
and are on call for emergencies during other hours.
Fax +1 412-268-6989
Postal address
CERT Coordination Center
Software Engineering Institute
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
USA
Using encryption
We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. We can
support a shared DES key or PGP. Contact the CERT/CC for more information.
Location of CERT PGP key
ftp://ftp.cert.org/pub/CERT_PGP.key
Getting security information
CERT publications and other security information are available from
http://www.cert.org/
ftp://ftp.cert.org/pub/
CERT advisories and bulletins are also posted on the USENET newsgroup
comp.security.announce
To be added to our mailing list for advisories and bulletins, send
email to
cert-advisory-request@cert.org
In the subject line, type
SUBSCRIBE your-email-address
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright 1997 Carnegie Mellon University. Conditions for use, disclaimers,
and sponsorship information can be found in
http://www.cert.org/legal_stuff.html and ftp://ftp.cert.org/pub/legal_stuff .
If you do not have FTP or web access, send mail to cert@cert.org with
"copyright" in the subject line.
*CERT is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
This file: ftp://ftp.cert.org/pub/cert_advisories/CA-97.27.FTP_bounce
http://www.cert.org
click on "CERT Advisories"
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Revision history
Dec. 16, 1997 Vendor updates for Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Dec. 11, 1997 Vendor updates for Caldera, Digital Equipment
Corporation, NEC Corporation.
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[ End CERT Advisory ]
[ Append Digital Advisory ]
______________________________________________________________
UPDATE: APR 30, 1998
TITLE: DIGITAL UNIX ftpd V3.2g, V4.0, V4.0a, V4.0b, V4.0c
- Potential Security Vulnerability
ref#: SSRT0452U ftpd (ftp bounce)
SOURCE: Digital Equipment Corporation
Software Security Response Team
"Digital is broadly distributing this Security Advisory in order
to bring to the attention of users of Digital's products the
important security information contained in this Advisory.
Digital recommends that all users determine the applicability of
this information to their individual situations and take
appropriate action.
Digital does not warrant that this information is necessarily
accurate or complete for all user situations and, consequently,
Digital will not be responsible for any damages resulting from
user's use or disregard of the information provided in this
Advisory."
----------------------------------------------------------------------
IMPACT:
Digital has discovered a potential vulnerability with the
FTP (bounce) for DIGITAL UNIX software, where under certain
circumstances, an user may gain unauthorized privileges.
Digital strongly recommends upgrading to a minimum of
Digital UNIX V4.0b accordingly, and that the appropriate
patch kit be installed immediately.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
RESOLUTION:
This potential security problem has been resolved and an official
patch for this problem has been made available as an early release
kit for DIGITAL UNIX V4.0a (duv40ass0000600041100-19980317.*)
and, included in the latest DIGITAL UNIX V4.0b aggregate DUPATCH Kit.
The V3.2g aggregate BL 10 patch kit #5
is scheduled for release in late June 1998.
The V4.0 aggregate BL 9 patch kit #6
is scheduled for release mid May 1998.
The V4.0c aggregate BL10 patch kit #6
is scheduled for release mid May 1998.
*This potential problem was included in the distributed release of
DIGITAL UNIX V4.0d
o the World Wide Web at the following FTP address:
http://www.service.digital.com/html/patch_service.html
Use the FTP access option, select DIGITAL_UNIX directory
then choose the appropriate version directory
and download the patch accordingly.
Note: [1]The appropriate patch kit must be installed
following any upgrade to V4.0a, V4.0b, or V4.0c.
[2] Please review the appropriate release notes
prior to installation.
If you need further information, please contact your normal DIGITAL
support channel.
DIGITAL appreciates your cooperation and patience. We regret any
inconvenience applying this information may cause.
As always, Digital urges you to periodically review your system
management and security procedures.
Digital will continue to review and enhance the security
features of its products and work with customers to maintain and
improve the security and integrity of their systems.
______________________________________________________________
Copyright (c) Digital Equipment Corporation, 1998 All
Rights Reserved.
Unpublished Rights Reserved Under The Copyright Laws Of
The United States.
______________________________________________________________
[ End Digital Advisory ]
______________________________________________________________________________
CIAC wishes to acknowledge the contributions of CERT for the information
contained in this bulletin.
______________________________________________________________________________
CIAC, the Computer Incident Advisory Capability, is the computer
security incident response team for the U.S. Department of Energy
(DOE) and the emergency backup response team for the National
Institutes of Health (NIH). CIAC is located at the Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory in Livermore, California. CIAC is also a founding
member of FIRST, the Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams, a
global organization established to foster cooperation and coordination
among computer security teams worldwide.
CIAC services are available to DOE, DOE contractors, and the NIH. CIAC
can be contacted at:
Voice: +1 510-422-8193
FAX: +1 510-423-8002
STU-III: +1 510-423-2604
E-mail: ciac@llnl.gov
For emergencies and off-hour assistance, DOE, DOE contractor sites,
and the NIH may contact CIAC 24-hours a day. During off hours (5PM -
8AM PST), call the CIAC voice number 510-422-8193 and leave a message,
or call 800-759-7243 (800-SKY-PAGE) to send a Sky Page. CIAC has two
Sky Page PIN numbers, the primary PIN number, 8550070, is for the CIAC
duty person, and the secondary PIN number, 8550074 is for the CIAC
Project Leader.
Previous CIAC notices, anti-virus software, and other information are
available from the CIAC Computer Security Archive.
World Wide Web: http://ciac.llnl.gov/
Anonymous FTP: ciac.llnl.gov (198.128.39.53)
Modem access: +1 (510) 423-4753 (28.8K baud)
+1 (510) 423-3331 (28.8K baud)
CIAC has several self-subscribing mailing lists for electronic
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You will receive an acknowledgment email immediately with a confirmation
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If you include the word 'help' in the body of an email to the above address,
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PLEASE NOTE: Many users outside of the DOE, ESnet, and NIH computing
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Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST) is a world-wide
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This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an
agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States
Government nor the University of California nor any of their
employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any
legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or
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LAST 10 CIAC BULLETINS ISSUED (Previous bulletins available from CIAC)
I-008: Open Group OSF/DCE Denial-of-Service Vulnerability
i-009: IBM AIX libDtSvc.a Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
I-010: HP-UX CDE Vulnerability
I-011: IBM AIX portmir command Vulnerability
I-012: IBM AIX ftp client Vulnerability
I-013: Count.cgi Buffer Overrun Vulnerabiliity
I-014: Vulnerability in GlimpseHTTP and WebGlimpse cgi-bin Packages
I-015: SGI IRIX Vulnerabilities (syserr and permissions programs)
I-016: SCO /usr/bin/X11/scoterm Vulnerability
I-017: statd Buffer Overrun Vulnerability
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