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SOLR, "Searching On Lucene with Replication" which started out life at CNET, before it was released to the open source community comes with a solid example configuration using the Jetty embeded servlet container.
Getting SOLR running on Debian GNU/Linux with Tomcat in production environments can be a tad tricker. If you just unpacked the dist/solr.war into your webapps directory you probably saw some non descriptive error like: "FAIL - Application at context path /apache-solr-1.2.0 could not be started", or something like the following in your localhost log:
SEVERE: Exception starting filter SolrRequestFilter java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.solr.core.SolrConfig at org.apache.solr.servlet.SolrDispatchFilter.init(SolrDispatchFilter.java:74)
There are two things that can really bite you
1) Not having a Context declaration to set SOLR/HOME via JNDI
Make sure a file exists under conf/Catalina/localhost with the name of the web-app you want to use say for example "solr" would be solr.xml -- here are its contents:
<Context docBase="/home/java/apache-solr-1.2.0.war" debug="0" crossContext="true" > <Environment name="solr/home" type="java.lang.String" value="/tmp/solr/home" override="true" /> </Context>
2) Running tomcat with security policies enabled
Edit /etc/default/tomcat5.5 and change #TOMCAT_SECURITY=yes to TOMCAT_SECURITY=no (Note: Remove the HASH to un-comment this configuration setting)
This got me running on Debian Etch -- hope this helps.