The WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center was appointed by ICANN as the exclusive provider of dispute resolution services for trademark based "pre-delegation" Legal Rights Objections (LROs) under ICANN’s New gTLD Program.
As part of the continued evolution of the Internet’s domain name system, ICANN is preparing for the next round of New generic Top-Level Domains (gTLDs), with an Objections filing period anticipated in the second half of 2026.
More information about objection procedures, including timelines and resources, will be made available as ICANN finalizes the details of the upcoming application round. WIPO will also publish detailed guidelines and case resources.
Interested parties can monitor updates here and on ICANN’s New gTLD Program site.
Prior Legal Rights Objection Cases and Resources from the first round of ICANN's New gTLD Program in 2012 remain available below under 2012 Round Legal Rights Objection Cases and Resources.
| Proposed string to which the objection is directed | Objector | Applicant | Grounds for objection | Date of the WIPO Center’s receipt of the objection | Quick Look Review | Determination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proposed string to which the appeal is directed | Appellant | Respondent | Objection Determination | Grounds for the appeal | Date of the WIPO’s receipt of the appeal | Quick Look Review | Determination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center was appointed by ICANN as the exclusive provider of dispute resolution services for trademark based "pre-delegation" Legal Rights Objections (LRO) under ICANN New gTLD Program.
The WIPO Center's administration of cases in this first round under ICANN's Program came to a close with the notification of the last of the expert determinations in September 2013.
The WIPO Center has captured this experience in a Report covering the development, procedure and substance of the LRO process.
Set out below furthermore are resources which the WIPO Center made available to parties, as well as a list of all objections and results.
| Proposed string to which the objection is directed | Objector | Applicant | Grounds for objection | Date of the WIPO Center’s receipt of the objection | Determination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| .delmonte | Del Monte Corporation | Del Monte International GmbH | Legal Rights Objection | March 2, 2013 | Objection Upheld with Dissenting Opinion |
| .coach | Coach, Inc. | Koko Island, LLC aka Dozen Donuts, LLC aka Donuts, Inc | Legal Rights Objection | March 8,2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .academy | Academy, Ltd., d/b/a Academy Sports + Outdoors | Half Oaks, LLC | Legal Rights Objection | March 11, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .blue | Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association ("BCBSA") | Afilias Limited | Legal Rights Objection | March 12, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .direct | The DirecTV Group Inc. | Dish DBS Corporation | Legal Rights Objection | March 12, 2013 | Objection Upheld |
| .mls | The Canadian Real Estate Association (CREA) | Afilias Limited | Legal Rights Objection | March 12, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .merck | Merck KGaA | Merck Registry Holdings, Inc. | Legal Rights Objection | March 12, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .merck | Merck KGaA | Merck Registry Holdings, Inc. | Legal Rights Objection | March 12, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .merckmsd | Merck KGaA | MSD Registry Holdings, Inc | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .goo | NTT Resonant Inc. | Charleston Road Registry Inc. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Terminated |
| .yellowpages | Hibu (UK) Limited | Telstra Corporation Limited | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .vip | I-Registry Ltd. | Vipspace Enterprises LLC | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .vip | I-Registry Ltd. | John Corner, LLC. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .vip | I-Registry Ltd. | VIP Registry Pte. Ltd | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .vip | I-Registry Ltd. | Charleston Road Registry Inc. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .vip | I-Registry Ltd. | Top Level Domain Holdings Limited | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .diy | Scripps Networks, LLC | Charleston Road Registry Inc. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .food | Scripps Networks Interactive, Inc. | Dot Food, LLC | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .food | Scripps Networks Interactive, Inc. | Wild Orchard, LLC | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .express | Express, LLC | Sea Sunset, LLC | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .zone | AutoZone Parts, Inc. | Outer Falls, LLC | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Terminated |
| .gcc | The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf also known as the Gulf Cooperation Council or GCC | GCCIX WLL | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Terminated |
| .now | Starbucks (HK) Limited | Grand Turn, LLC | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .now | Starbucks (HK) Limited | Global Top Level ApS | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .now | Starbucks (HK) Limited | Amazon EU S.a.r.l. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .now | Starbucks (HK) Limited | One.com A/S | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .now | Starbucks (HK) Limited | XYZ.COM LLC | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .rightathome | Right At Home, Inc. | Johnson Shareholdings, Inc | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .gmbh | TLDDOT GmbH | InterNetWire Web-Development GmbH | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .music | DotMusic Limited | Amazon EU S.à r.l. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .music | DotMusic Limited | Charleston Road Registry Inc. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .music | DotMusic Limited | dot Music Limited | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .music | DotMusic Limited | DotMusic Inc. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .music | DotMusic Limited | Entertainment Names Inc. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .music | DotMusic Limited | Victor Cross | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .music | DotMusic Limited | .music LLC | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .song | DotSong Limited | Amazon EU S.à.r.l. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .tunes | DotTunes Limited | Amazon EU S.à.r.l. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .eco | planet.ECO, LLC | Top Level Domain Holdings Limited | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .ком | Regtime Ltd.; Legato Ltd. | VeriSign Sarl | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .орг | Regtime Ltd.; Legato Ltd. | Public Interest Registry | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .cam | AC Webconnecting Holding B.V. | United TLD Holdco Ltd. | Legal Rights Objection | March 12, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .cam | AC Webconnecting Holding B.V. | Dot Agency Limited | Legal Rights Objection | March 12, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .limited | Limited Stores, LLC | Big Fest, LLC | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .pin | Pinterest, Inc. | Amazon EU S.à.r.l. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .axis | Axis Communications AB/ Axis AB | Saudi Telecom Company | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | DRSP Communication |
| .tube | Latin American Telecom, LLC | Charleston Road Registry, Inc. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .bio | Biotechnology Industry Organization | Starting Dot | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .微博 | Sina Corporation | Tencent Holdings Limited | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Upheld with Dissenting Opinion |
| Sina Corporation | Tencent Holdings Limited | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Upheld with Dissenting Opinion | |
| United States Postal Service | 1&1 Mail & Media GmbH | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Terminated | |
| United States Postal Service | Afilias Domains No. 2 Limited | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Terminated | |
| United States Postal Service | Amazon EU S.à r.l | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected | |
| United States Postal Service | Charleston Road Registry Inc. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected | |
| United States Postal Service | GMO Registry, Inc. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected | |
| United States Postal Service | Victor Dale, LLC | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected | |
| United States Postal Service | WhitePages TLD LLC | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected | |
| .home | Defender Security Company | Baxter Pike LLC | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .home | Defender Security Company | Charleston Road Registry Inc. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .home | Defender Security Company | Dot Home LLC | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .home | Defender Security Company | DotHome Inc. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .home | Defender Security Company | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .home | Defender Security Company | Merchant Law Group LLP | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .home | Defender Security Company | Top Level Domain Holdings Limited | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .home | Defender Security Company | Uniregistry, Corp. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .home | Defender Security Company | .Home Registry Inc. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .emerck | Merck & Co., Inc. | Merck KGaA | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .merck | Merck & Co., Inc. | Merck KGaA | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
| .moto | Motorola Trademark Holdings LLC | United TLD Holdco Ltd. | Legal Rights Objection | March 13, 2013 | Objection Rejected |
WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center Geneva
34, chemin des Colombettes
1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
T +41 22 338 8247
E lro@wipo.int