The Nobel Peace Prize for 2025 goes to a brave and committed champion of peace – to a woman who keeps the flame of democracy burning amid a growing darkness. As the leader of the democracy movement in Venezuela, Maria Corina Machado is one of the most extraordinary examples of civilian courage in Latin America in recent times.

Ms Machado has been a key, unifying figure in a political opposition that was once deeply divided – an opposition that found common ground in the demand for free elections and representative government.

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The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2025 to Maria Corina Machado "for her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of Venezuela and for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy."

In the past year, Ms Machado has been forced to live in hiding. Despite serious threats against her life she has remained in the country, a choice that has inspired millions of people. She has brought her country’s opposition together. She has never wavered in resisting the militarisation of Venezuelan society. She has been steadfast in her support for a peaceful transition to democracy.

Listen as Maria Corina Machado finds out she has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize 2025.

Kristian Berg Harpviken, Director of the Norwegian Nobel Institute, shared the news with her directly before it was announced to the world.

Maria Corina Machado highlights the strength of her fellow Venezuelans: "I accept this is as a recognition to our people, to the millions of Venezuelans that are anonymous and are risking everything they have for freedom, justice and peace and I’m absolutely convinced that we will achieve it."

Watch the announcement by Jørgen Watne Frydnes, Chair of the Norwegian Nobel Committee.

Listen to the Chair of the Norwegian Nobel Committee Jørgen Watne Frydnes on the nomination process of the peace prize.

Can you match the right peace laureate with the right accomplishment? Have a try!

The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2025 is awarded to the Hungarian author László Krasznahorkai, "for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art."

László Krasznahorkai is a great epic writer in the Central European tradition that extends through Kafka to Thomas Bernhard, and is characterised by absurdism and grotesque excess. But there are more strings to his bow, and he also looks to the East in adopting a more contemplative, finely calibrated tone.

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Biobibliography

László Krasznahorkai shares his happiness about his Nobel Prize, which came as a surprise. He speaks about how bitterness is an important driver for him, and also highlights the importance of using your fantasy.

Following the announcement, Steve Sem-Sandberg, member of the Nobel Committee for Literature, was interviewed by Carin Klaesson about the 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature to László Krasznahorkai.

Watch the announcement of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2025 by Mats Malm, Permanent Secretary of the Swedish Academy, on 9 October 2025.

The Nobel Prize laureates in chemistry 2025 have created molecular constructions with large spaces through which gases and other chemicals can flow. These constructions, metal–organic frameworks, can be used to harvest water from desert air, capture carbon dioxide, store toxic gases or catalyse chemical reactions.

Through the development of metal–organic frameworks, the laureates have provided chemists with new opportunities for solving some of the challenges we face.

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Popular information: They have created new rooms for chemistry
Scientific background: Metal–organic frameworks

Susumu Kitagawa talks about his approach to tackling grand challenges, and how to keep a lookout for the unexpected. He also explains how his perspective on research has a lineage that extends back to other Japanese Nobel Prize laureates.

Richard Robson recounts how his new idea emerged and how, in the end, he just had to do something about it. He also offers some modest reflections on a long life in chemistry, which he says wasn’t exactly a vocation: "I sort of drifted into it, I couldn’t think of anything better to do."

As a ten-year-old child, 2025 chemistry laureate Omar Yaghi read a book about molecules and was immediately drawn to them. "Since then, I’ve chosen to investigate problems based on the beauty of molecules."

Watch the announcement of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry by Professor Hans Ellegren, Secretary General of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

A major question in physics is the maximum size of a system that can demonstrate quantum mechanical effects. This year’s Nobel Prize laureates conducted experiments with an electrical circuit in which they demonstrated both quantum mechanical tunnelling and quantised energy levels in a system big enough to be held in the hand.

This year’s Nobel Prize in Physics has provided opportunities for developing the next generation of quantum technology, including quantum cryptography, quantum computers, and quantum sensors.

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Popular information: Quantum properties on a human scale
Scientific background: "for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit"

John Clarke, still stunned by the news, praises his co-laureates John Martinis and Michel Devoret, whom he worked together with in a lab in Berkeley, California, some 40 years ago.

Michel Devoret describes how he woke on announcement day to find that the world already knew the news: "I had completely forgotten that October was the Nobel Prize month!"

John Martinis talks about the excitement of learning how to investigate problems with his co-laureates four decades ago, and how that experience taught him what to aim for when building labs in academic and industry subsequently.

Prize announcement by professor Hans Ellegren, Secretary General of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

The body’s powerful immune system must be regulated, or it may attack our own organs. Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi made groundbreaking discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance that prevents the immune system from harming the body. Their discoveries have laid the foundation for a new field of research and spurred the development of new treatments, for example for cancer and autoimmune diseases.

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Popular information: They understood how the immune system is kept in check
Scientific background: Immune tolerance: The identification of regulatory T cells and FOXP3

Watch the announcement of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and an interview with Rickard Sandberg, member of the Nobel Committee.

Mary Brunkow talks about the power of genetics to unravel biology and how she feels it was an honour to have been one of the contributors to solving the puzzle of immune tolerance.

In this conversation, Ramsdell speaks about the benefits of working in the environment of biotech and the joy of finding talented collaborators.

Shimon Sakaguchi speaks about his surprise at the news and reflects on the fundamental research question that kept him dedicated to the field after many others abandoned it, a question that took over two decades to answer.

This exhibition features works from the 19th century to the present day—from Francisco Goya’s harrowing depictions of war, through Yoko Ono’s activist pieces, to Barbara Kruger’s bold, graphic messages.

In the exhibition Fighting Disease – Three Stories From the Fields of Medicine, we meet a scientist, a doctor and a nurse who work to prevent disease, administer vaccines and search for new antibiotics.

A large selection of artefacts from Nobel Prize laureates is on display.

Sir John B. Gurdon died on 7 October 2025, aged 92. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent."

Biography

George F. Smoot passed away on 18 September 2025, aged 80. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 2006 "for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation."

Biography

David Baltimore died on 6 September 2025, aged 87. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975 "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell."

Biography

Rainer Weiss passed away on 25 August 2025, aged 92. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 2017 "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves."

Biography