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. 2022 Sep 6;17(9):e0273980.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273980. eCollection 2022.

Overlap between dengue, Zika and chikungunya hotspots in the city of Rio de Janeiro

Affiliations

Overlap between dengue, Zika and chikungunya hotspots in the city of Rio de Janeiro

Eny Regina da Silva Queiroz et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Arboviruses represent a threat to global public health. In the Americas, the dengue fever is endemic. This situation worsens with the introduction of emerging, Zika fever and chikungunya fever, causing epidemics in several countries within the last decade. Hotspot analysis contributes to understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics in the context of co-circulation of these three arboviral diseases, which have the same vector: Aedes aegypti.

Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution and agreement between the hotspots of the historical series of reported dengue cases from 2000 to 2014 and the Zika, chikungunya and dengue cases hotspots from 2015 to 2019 in the city of Rio de Janeiro.

Methods: To identify hotspots, Gi* statistics were calculated for the annual incidence rates of reported cases of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya by neighborhood. Kendall's W statistic was used to analyze the agreement between diseases hotspots.

Results: There was no agreement between the hotspots of the dengue fever historical series (2000-2014) and those of the emerging Zika fever and chikungunya fever (2015-2019). However, there was agreement between hotspots of the three arboviral diseases between 2015 and 2019.

Conclusion: The results of this study show the existence of persistent hotspots that need to be prioritized in public policies for the prevention and control of these diseases. The techniques used with data from epidemiological surveillance services can help in better understanding of the dynamics of these diseases wherever they circulate in the world.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Map of the city of Rio de Janeiro.
Planning areas and their subdivisions.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Epidemic curve of reported cases of dengue fever in the city of Rio de Janeiro by date of onset of symptoms 2000–2014.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Epidemics curves of reported cases of dengue fever, Zika fever, and chikungunya fever, by date of onset symptoms in the city of Rio de Janeiro.
2015–2019.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Hotspots of the annual incidence rates of reported cases of dengue fever by neighborhood in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 2000 to 2014.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Hotspots of the annual incidence rates of reported cases of dengue fever, Zika fever, and chikungunya fever, by neighborhood in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 2015 to 2019.
A–Number of hotspots. B–Hotspots observed by disease and co-circulation.

References

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