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Review
. 2019 Aug:59:1-8.
doi: 10.1016/j.coi.201902001. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Antigenic cross-reactivity between Zika and dengue viruses: is it time to develop a universal vaccine?

Affiliations
Review

Antigenic cross-reactivity between Zika and dengue viruses: is it time to develop a universal vaccine?

Jinsheng Wen et al. Curr Opin Immunol. 2019 Aug.

Abstract

Zika and the four serotypes of dengue are closely related flaviviruses that share a high degree of structural and sequence homology and co-circulate in many regions of the world. Here, we review recent studies investigating antigenic cross-reactivity between the two viruses. We discuss the pathogenic and protective roles of cross-reactive anti-viral antibody and T cell responses, respectively, in modulating the outcome of secondary dengue or Zika infection. Based on recent findings and increased incidence of severe disease in seronegative recipients of the first dengue vaccine to be licensed, we propose that the time has come to focus on developing pan-flavivirus vaccines that protect against Zika and four dengue serotypes by eliciting protective cross-reactive T cell responses while concomitantly reducing production of cross-reactive antibodies that can exacerbate disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement

Nothing declared

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. The proposed roles of the pre-existing cross-reactive immunity to DENV during subsequent ZIKV infection, and vice versa.
Cross-reactive Abs mediate neutralizing, enhancing or negligible effects during subsequent infection with heterologous virus. Cross-reactive CD8+ T cells provide protection against subsequent infection with heterologous virus.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. The characteristics of an antibody-centric DENV or ZIKV vaccine and a pan-flavivirus vaccine that elicits both Ab and CD8+ T cell responses.
(a) Ab-centric DENV or ZIKV vaccines induce strong antibody but weak or negligible CD8+ T cell responses. (b) The proposed pan-flavivirus vaccines induce both Ab and CD8+ T cell responses.

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