Phase I of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP): An Overview and Lessons Learned

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiy522

Multicenter Study

. 2018 Nov 10;218(suppl_4):S188-S194.

doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy522.

Phase I of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP): An Overview and Lessons Learned

Caitlin Barkume ¹, Kashmira Date ², Samir K Saha ³, Farah Naz Qamar ⁴, Dipika Sur ⁵, Jason R Andrews ⁶, Stephen P Luby ⁶, M Imran Khan ¹, Alex Freeman ¹, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai ⁴, Denise Garrett ¹

Affiliations

¹ Typhoid Programs, Sabin Vaccine Institute, Washington, D. C.
² Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
³ Child Health Research Foundation, Department of Microbiology, Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Bangladesh.
⁴ Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
⁵ Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India.
⁶ Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, California.

PMID: 30304505
PMCID: PMC6226726
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy522

Multicenter Study

Phase I of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP): An Overview and Lessons Learned

Caitlin Barkume et al. J Infect Dis. 2018.

. 2018 Nov 10;218(suppl_4):S188-S194.

doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy522.

Authors

Caitlin Barkume ¹, Kashmira Date ², Samir K Saha ³, Farah Naz Qamar ⁴, Dipika Sur ⁵, Jason R Andrews ⁶, Stephen P Luby ⁶, M Imran Khan ¹, Alex Freeman ¹, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai ⁴, Denise Garrett ¹

Affiliations

¹ Typhoid Programs, Sabin Vaccine Institute, Washington, D. C.
² Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
³ Child Health Research Foundation, Department of Microbiology, Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Bangladesh.
⁴ Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
⁵ Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India.
⁶ Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, California.

PMID: 30304505
PMCID: PMC6226726
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy522

Erratum in

Erratum.
[No authors listed] [No authors listed] J Infect Dis. 2019 Jan 9;219(3):509. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy613. J Infect Dis. 2019. PMID: 30371867 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
Erratum.
[No authors listed] [No authors listed] J Infect Dis. 2019 Apr 16;219(9):1514. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy694. J Infect Dis. 2019. PMID: 30535293 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Abstract

Objective: The objective of Phase I of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP), a multiphase surveillance study characterizing the burden of disease in South Asia, was to inform data collection for prospective surveillance and to capture clinical aspects of disease.

Methods: Through a retrospective record review conducted at hospitals in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan, we examined laboratory and clinical records to assess the culture positivity rate for Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi, age and sex distribution, and antimicrobial susceptability in each country.

Results: Of all blood cultures performed in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan, 1.5%, 0.43%, 2%, and 1.49%, respectively, were positive for S. Typhi and 0.24%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 0.67%, respectively, were positive for S. Paratyphi. A higher proportion of laboratory-confirmed infections in Bangladesh and Pakistan were aged ≤5 years, while India and Nepal had a higher proportion of participants aged 15-25 years. In all countries, the sex of the majority of participants was male. The majority of isolates in all countries were resistant to fluoroquinolones, with a high proportion also resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Discussion: Enteric fever remains endemic in South Asia. Data generated by this study can help inform strategies for implementation and evaluation of prevention and control measures.

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Figures

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Age distribution of enteric fever cases in Bangladesh (A), India (B), Pakistan (C), and Nepal (D), Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) Phase I, 2012–2016. S. Paratyphi, Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Paratyphi; S. Typhi, Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi.

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Antimicrobial resistance patterns among Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovars Typhi (A) and Paratyphi (B) isolates in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan, Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) Phase I, 2012–2016. ^aReduced susceptibility; nalidixic acid was used as a proxy in Bangladesh.

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References

1. GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390:P1211–59. - PMC - PubMed
1. GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 290:P1151–210. - PMC - PubMed
1. World Health Organization. Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper—March 2018. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2018; 13:153–72.
1. Voysey M, Pollard AJ. Seroefficacy of Vi polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid typhoid conjugate vaccine (Typbar TCV). Clin Infect Dis 2018; 67:18–24. - PubMed
1. Jin C, Gibani MM, Moore M, et al. . Efficacy and immunogenicity of a Vi-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in the prevention of typhoid fever using a controlled human infection model of Salmonella Typhi: a randomised controlled, phase 2b trial. Lancet 2017; 390:2472–80. - PMC - PubMed

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[1] GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390:P1211–59. - PMC - PubMed

[2] GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390:P1211–59. - PMC - PubMed

[3] GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 290:P1151–210. - PMC - PubMed

[4] GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 290:P1151–210. - PMC - PubMed

[5] World Health Organization. Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper—March 2018. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2018; 13:153–72.

[6] World Health Organization. Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper—March 2018. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2018; 13:153–72.

[7] Voysey M, Pollard AJ. Seroefficacy of Vi polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid typhoid conjugate vaccine (Typbar TCV). Clin Infect Dis 2018; 67:18–24. - PubMed

[8] Voysey M, Pollard AJ. Seroefficacy of Vi polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid typhoid conjugate vaccine (Typbar TCV). Clin Infect Dis 2018; 67:18–24. - PubMed

[9] Jin C, Gibani MM, Moore M, et al. . Efficacy and immunogenicity of a Vi-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in the prevention of typhoid fever using a controlled human infection model of Salmonella Typhi: a randomised controlled, phase 2b trial. Lancet 2017; 390:2472–80. - PMC - PubMed

[10] Jin C, Gibani MM, Moore M, et al. . Efficacy and immunogenicity of a Vi-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in the prevention of typhoid fever using a controlled human infection model of Salmonella Typhi: a randomised controlled, phase 2b trial. Lancet 2017; 390:2472–80. - PMC - PubMed

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Phase I of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP): An Overview and Lessons Learned

Affiliations

Phase I of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP): An Overview and Lessons Learned

Authors

Affiliations

Erratum in

Abstract

Figures

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources