This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features!
Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

NIH NLM Logo
Log in
Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 Sep 6;18(1):247.
doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2318-2.

Efficacy of Sida pilosa Retz aqueous extract against Schistosoma mansoni - induced granulomatous inflammation in the liver and the intestine of mice: histomorphometry and gastrointestinal motility evaluation

Affiliations

Efficacy of Sida pilosa Retz aqueous extract against Schistosoma mansoni - induced granulomatous inflammation in the liver and the intestine of mice: histomorphometry and gastrointestinal motility evaluation

Hermine Boukeng Jatsa et al. BMC Complement Altern Med. .

Abstract

Background: The macerate of Sida pilosa aerial parts is used empirically for the treatment of intestinal helminthiasis. Previous studies have shown that Sida pilosa aqueous extract (SpAE) has schistosomicidal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities in Schistosoma mansoni infection. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of SpAE on the granulomatous inflammation induced by S. mansoni in the liver and the intestine of mice by histomorphometry; as well as on the gastrointestinal motility.

Methods: To study the effect of SpAE on the liver and intestine histomorphometry and on the gastrointestinal motility, SpAE was administered at 200 mg/kg per os to S. mansoni-infected mice for 4 weeks. Praziquantel was used as reference drug. Prior to carrying out sacrifice, a batch of mice was subjected to gastrointestinal transit evaluation with 3% charcoal meal. After sacrifying another batch of mice, we performed histological and morphometric analyses of the liver and the ileum. We measured the following: total proteins, transaminases, malondialdehyde, nitrites, superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione. The effect of SpAE (4, 8, 16 and 32 mg/mL) on the ileum contractile activity was evaluated either in the absence or in the presence of pharmacological blockers.

Results: SpAE induced a significant reduction of hepatosplenomegaly and intestine enlargement. The number of granulomas was reduced by 52.82% in the liver and 52.79% in the intestine, whereas the volume of hepatic granulomas decreased by 48.76% after SpAE treatment. SpAE also reduced (p < 0.001) the ileal muscular layer thickness. The levels of total proteins, transaminases, malondialdehyde, nitrites, superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione were restored after treatment of infected mice with SpAE. A normalization of the gastrointestinal transit was also recorded after SpAE treatment. The effect of SpAE on intestinal motility was mediated via intracellular and extracellular calcium mobilization.

Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that SpAE improves granulomatous inflammation induced by S. mansoni both in the liver and in the intestine, as well as it re-establishes normal gastrointestinal transit. SpAE may be used for the development of alternative medicine against S. mansoni infection.

Keywords: Gastrointestinal motility; Histomorphometry; Inflammation; Schistosoma mansoni; Sida pilosa.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval

All procedures in this study followed the ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments) and were approved by the Animal Ethical Committee of the Laboratory of Animal Physiology of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I – Cameroon.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Effect of oral treatment of Sida pilosa aqueous extract on the liver (I) and ileum (II) histology of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. Arrows: indicate inflammatory cells infiltration; F-Gr: fibrotic granuloma; Gr: granuloma. In uninfected-untreated mice, liver (I-a) and ileum sections (II-a) showed normal structure. Multiple and voluminous granulomas surrounded with fibrous tissue were present in the liver sections of infected-untreated mice (I-b). The mucosa of their ileum contains nonfibrotic granulomas and the muscular layer was thickened (II-b). In the liver (I-c) and ileum sections (II-c) of SpAE-treated mice, scare and small granulomas were detected; while in PZQ-treated mice, liver (I-d) and ileum sections (II-d) were nearly free of granulomas
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Effect of oral treatment of Sida pilosa aqueous extract on the morphometry of the liver (I) and the ileum (II) of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. (a): number of granulomas; (b): volume of granulomas / muscular layer thickness. UIC: uninfected-untreated mice; IC: infected-untreated mice; PZQ: infected mice treated with praziquantel; SpAE 200: infected mice treated with Sida pilosa aqueous extract at 200 mg/kg. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6). ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test was used for statistical analysis. ***p < 0.001: values are significantly different from those of uninfected-untreated mice (group UIC). #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001: values are significantly different from those of infected-untreated mice (group IC). £p < 0.05, £££p < 0.001: values are significantly different from those of infected mice treated with praziquantel (group PZQ)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Effect of oral treatment of Sida pilosa aqueous extract on the levels on some hepatic oxidative stress biomarkers of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. UIC: uninfected-untreated mice; IC: infected-untreated mice; PZQ: infected mice treated with praziquantel; SpAE 200: infected mice treated with Sida pilosa aqueous extract at 200 mg/kg. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6). ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test was used for statistical analysis. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001: values are significantly different from those of uninfected-untreated mice (group UIC). #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001: values are significantly different from those of infected-untreated mice (group IC). £p < 0.05: values are significantly different from those of infected mice treated with praziquantel (group PZQ)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Effect of oral treatment of Sida pilosa aqueous extract on the intestine length (I) and gastrointestinal transit (II) of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. UIC: uninfected-untreated mice; IC: infected-untreated mice; PZQ: infected mice treated with praziquantel; SpAE 200: infected mice treated with Sida pilosa aqueous extract at 200 mg/kg. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6). ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test was used for statistical analysis. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001: values are significantly different from those of uninfected-untreated mice (group UIC). ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001: values are significantly different from those of infected-untreated mice (group IC)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Time-response curves (I) and concentration-response curves (II) of the effect of Sida pilosa aqueous extract alone or in the presence of pharmacological blockers on the amplitude (a) and the basal tone (b) of spontaneous contractions of isolated rat ileum. To evaluate the time-response effect of SpAE, it was separately administered (4, 8, 16 and 32 mg/mL) to the bath solution and the effect observed on spontaneous contractions for 20 min. The vehicle was administered at equivalent volume to that of the maximal concentration of extract. The percentages of variation of the tonus and the amplitude of spontaneous contractions were calculated considering the baseline values (before drug administration) as not changes (0%). To evaluate the concentration-response effect of SpAE, it was cumulatively administered (2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg/mL) to the bath solution at 10 min intervals. Each point represents the mean ± SEM (n = 5). ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test was used for statistical analysis. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001: values are significantly different from those recorded with the control (H2O) at each time point
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Time-response curves of the effect of Sida pilosa aqueous extract and pharmacological blockers on the amplitude of spontaneous contractions of isolated rat ileum. Each point represents the mean ± SEM (n = 5). ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test was used for statistical analysis. £££p < 0.001: values are significantly different from those recorded with SpAE 16 mg/mL at each time point

References

    1. Moreels TG, De Man JG, Bogers JJ, De Winter BY, Vrolix G, Herman AG, Van Marck EA, Pelckmans PA. Effect of Schistosoma mansoni-induced granulomatous inflammation on murine gastrointestinal motility. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2001;280:1030–1042. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.5.G1030. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Bogers J, Moreels T, De Man J, Vrolix G, Jacobs W, Pelckmans P, Van Marck E. Schistosoma mansoni infection causing diffuse enteric inflammation and damage of the enteric nervous system in the mouse small intestine. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2000;12:431–440. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2982.2000.00219.x. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Cavalcanti MG, de Araujo-Neto JM, Peralta JM. Schistosomiasis: clinical management of liver disease. Clin Liver Dis. 2015;6:59–62. doi: 10.1002/cld.495. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Dkhil MA. Role of berberine in ameliorating Schistosoma mansoni-induced hepatic injury in mice. Biol Res. 2014;47:8–14. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Dkhil MA, Bauomy AA, Diab MSM, Al-Quraishy S. Protective role of selenium nanoparticles against Schistosoma mansoni-induced hepatic injury in mice. Biomed Res. 2016;27:214–219.

LinkOut - more resources

Full text links
BioMed Central full text link BioMed Central Free PMC article
Cite

AltStyle によって変換されたページ (->オリジナル) /