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. 2018 Jul 30;8(1):11407.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29753-4.

Monitoring and detection of leprosy patients in Southwest China: A retrospective study, 2010-2014

Affiliations

Monitoring and detection of leprosy patients in Southwest China: A retrospective study, 2010-2014

Wang Le et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

More than 100 counties, mainly in southwest China, report incidence rates of leprosy >1/100,000. The current study analysed the epidemiology of leprosy in southwest China to improve our understanding of the transmission pattern and improve control programs. 207 counties were selected in southwest China. Leprosy patients and their household contacts were recruited. The data from the medical interview and the serological antileprosy antibody of the leprosy patients were analysed. A total of 2,353 new cases of leprosy were interviewed. The distribution of leprosy patients was partly associated with local natural and economic conditions, especially several pocket areas. A total of 53 from 6643 household contacts developed leprosy, and the incidence rate of leprosy in the household contacts was 364/100,000 person-years. We found that NDO-BSA attained higher positive rates than MMP-II and LID-1 regardless of clinical types, disability and infection time in leprosy patients. By means of combination of antigens, 88.4% patients of multibacillary leprosy were detected, in contrast to 59.9% in paucibacillary leprosy. Household contacts should be given close attention for the early diagnosis, disruption of disease transmission and precise control. Applications of serology for multi-antigens were recommended for effective coverage and monitoring in leprosy control.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study areas and geographic distribution of new leprosy cases in southwest China between January 2010 and June 2014. Study areas include four provinces, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Hunan, corresponding to pale green, dark green, orange and red colour in southwest China. Green = the most patients, red = the least patients. The map in this figure was generated by means of software R, including maptools, maps and mapdata (Version 3.3.3, https://cran.r-project.org/src/base/R-3/).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Geographic distribution of new leprosy cases, including HHCs that developed leprosy, in southwest China between January 2010 and June 2014. In (a), Yunnan, (b) Guizhou, (c) Sichuan and (d) Hunan are highlighted with different colors to represent the number of new leprosy cases reported among these four provinces. The depths of colour represent the number of new leprosy patients. The location of each patient recorded, and HHC that developed leprosy, in the monitoring period in (a) Yunnan, (b) Guizhou, (c) Sichuan and (d) Hunan provinces are depicted by black dots, with the size of each dot representing the number of HHC that developed leprosy. The maps in this figure were generated by means of software R, including maptools, maps and mapdata (Version 3.3.3, https://cran.r-project.org/src/base/R-3/).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Impact of socioeconomic conditions on leprosy incidence. In (a) local natural and (b) economic conditions are plotted against the number of patients. Each point represents an individual county.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Proportion of patients presenting with antigen-specific antibody responses (NDO-BSA, MMP-II and LID-1). Patients were classified by either (a) clinical presentation, (b) operational classification, (c) disability grade or (d) length of time since initial diagnosis. *p-value < 0.05 between the indicated groups.

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