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doi: 10.3390/insects9020053.

Rapid Cold Hardening Confers a Transient Increase in Low Temperature Survival in Diapausing Chilo suppressalis Larvae

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Rapid Cold Hardening Confers a Transient Increase in Low Temperature Survival in Diapausing Chilo suppressalis Larvae

Guangping Yang et al. Insects. .

Abstract

The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), overwinters as a diapausing larva. The diapausing larvae were tested for a rapid cold hardening (RCH) response and its role in the insect’s survival of sub-zero temperatures. When laboratory-reared diapausing larvae were transferred directly from the rearing temperature of 25 °C to −14 °C and maintained there for 2 h, 21% survived. Acclimation of diapausing larvae for 4 h at 5 °C before their exposure for 2 h to −14 °C increased survival to approximately 41%, indicating an RCH response. Durability of RCH effects on low temperature survival was less than 1 h. Although transient in the test, the increased survival acquired through rapid cold hardening may play a role in preparing the diapausing larvae for abrupt temperature drops in the field that would otherwise be lethal.

Keywords: cold tolerance; diapause; overwintering; rapid cold hardening; striped stem borer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Survival (means ± SE) of diapausing C. suppressalis larvae for determination of discriminating temperature. The larvae were directly transferred to sub-zero temperatures from rearing temperature (25 °C) and maintained there for 2 h and then examined 24 h after the larvae were re-warmed to 25 °C. Different letters over the bars indicate significant differences (Tukey HSD test, p < 0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Survival (means ± SE) of diapausing C. suppressalis larvae in detection of RCH response. The larvae were exposed to 5 °C for 0–4 h and then transferred to the discriminating temperature (−14 °C) and maintained there for 2 h. Survival was examined 24 h after the larvae were re-warmed to 25 °C from −14 °C. Different letters over the bars indicate significant difference (Tukey HSD test, p < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Survival (means ± SE) of diapausing C. suppressalis larvae at sub-zero temperatures for effects of RCH. The larvae either rapidly cold hardened at 5 °C for 4 h or not cold-hardened were transferred to the sub-zero temperatures and maintained for 2 h. Survival was examined 24 h after the larvae were re-warmed to 25 °C from the sub-zero temperatures.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Survival (means ± SE) of diapausing C. suppressalis larvae in tests for durability of RCH effect. The RCH-experienced larvae were transferred directly or after maintenance of 0.5, 1 or 2 h at 25 °C, to the discriminating temperature (−14 °C) and maintained there for 2 h. Survival was examined 24 h after the larvae were re-warmed to 25 °C from −14 °C. Different letters over the bars indicate significant difference (Tukey HSD test, p < 0.05).

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