This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features!
Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

NIH NLM Logo
Log in
Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 May;98(5):1332-1338.
doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0888. Epub 2018 Mar 1.

Safety Analysis of Leishmania Vaccine Used in a Randomized Canine Vaccine/Immunotherapy Trial

Affiliations

Safety Analysis of Leishmania Vaccine Used in a Randomized Canine Vaccine/Immunotherapy Trial

Angela Toepp et al. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018 May.

Abstract

In Leishmania infantum-endemic countries, controlling infection within dogs, the domestic reservoir, is critical to public health. There is a need for safe vaccines that prevent canine progression with disease and transmission to others. Protective vaccination against Leishmania requires mounting a strong, inflammatory, Type 1 response. Three commercially available canine vaccines on the global veterinary market use saponin or inflammatory antigen components (Letifend) as a strong pro-inflammatory adjuvant. There is very little information detailing safety of saponin as an adjuvant in field trials. Safety analyses for the use of vaccine as an immunotherapeutic in asymptomatically infected animals are completely lacking. Leishmania infantum, the causative agent of canine leishmaniasis, is enzootic within U.S. hunting hounds. We assessed the safety of LeishTec® after use in dogs from two different clinical states: 1) without clinical signs and tested negative on polymerase chain reaction and serology or 2) without clinical signs and positive for at least one Leishmania diagnostic test. Vaccine safety was assessed after all three vaccinations to quantify the number and severity of adverse events. Vaccinated animals had an adverse event rate of 3.09%, whereas placebo animals had 0.68%. Receiving vaccine was correlated with the occurrence of mild, site-specific, reactions. Occurrence of severe adverse events was not associated with having received vaccine. Infected, asymptomatic animals did not have a higher rate of adverse events. Use of vaccination is, therefore, likely to be safe in infected, asymptomatic animals.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Adverse events were significantly associated with receiving anti-Leishmania vaccine. Five hundred and forty-six hounds were vaccinated against Leishmania infantum over three vaccination time points, each 2 weeks apart. Adverse events were reported by owners to the research team and analyzed. (A) Risk of any adverse event (mild, moderate, or severe) in vaccinated (black) and placebo (white) groups. P < 0.05 (B) Risk of developing a severe adverse reaction for vaccine (black) and placebo (white) groups. All statistical analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact test.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Rate of death from leishmaniasis was significantly greater than the rate of death associated with vaccination during 48 hours following vaccination. Rate of deaths due to leishmaniasis in animals that did not receive vaccine and severe adverse events in the vaccinated group depicted via Kaplan–Meier curve. Significance of differences were analyzed using χ2 analysis, P = 0.03.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
No association with time of vaccination across vaccination period. Adverse events collected at each time point were compared between the three different vaccination time points using χ2 analysis, P = 0.5158.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Risk of an adverse event not associated with positive Leishmania status. Comparison between Leishmania diagnostic status and number of adverse events per number of animals in Leishmania-negative and Leishmania-positive (asymptomatic) groups made using a one-way Fisher’s exact test with Baptista–Pike method. P = 0.0795.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Shorter hound breed is more likely to experience an adverse event. Hound breeds in the study were stratified by breed height and compared using a χ2 analysis. RR: 46.94, 95% confidence interval: 23.06–94.40.6, P < 0.0001.

References

    1. Alvar J, Vélez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, Jannin J, den Boer M; WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team , 2012. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One 7: e35671. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Coura-Vital W, et al. 2014. Evaluation of change in canine diagnosis protocol adopted by the visceral leishmaniasis control program in Brazil and a new proposal for diagnosis. PLoS One 9: e91009. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Millan J, Ferroglio E, Solano-Gallego L, 2014. Role of wildlife in the epidemiology of Leishmania infantum infection in Europe. Parasitol Res 113: 2005–2014. - PubMed
    1. Dantas-Torres F, Solano-Gallego L, Baneth G, Ribeiro VM, de Paiva-Cavalcanti M, Otranto D, 2012. Canine leishmaniosis in the Old and New Worlds: unveiled similarities and differences. Trends Parasitol 28: 531–538. - PubMed
    1. Rock KS, Quinnell RJ, Medley GF, Courtenay O, 2016. Progress in the mathematical modelling of visceral leishmaniasis. Adv Parasitol 94: 49–131. - PubMed

Publication types

Substances

LinkOut - more resources

Cite

AltStyle によって変換されたページ (->オリジナル) /