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Review
. 2017:2017:6592820.
doi: 10.1155/2017/6592820. Epub 2017 Nov 29.

Snake Venom PLA2, a Promising Target for Broad-Spectrum Antivenom Drug Development

Affiliations
Review

Snake Venom PLA2, a Promising Target for Broad-Spectrum Antivenom Drug Development

Huixiang Xiao et al. Biomed Res Int. 2017.

Abstract

Snakebite envenomation is a neglected global health problem, causing substantial mortality, disability, and psychological morbidity, especially in rural tropical and subtropical zones. Antivenin is currently the only specific medicine for envenomation. However, it is restricted by cold storage, snakebite diagnosis, and high price. Snake venom phospholipase A2s (svPLA2s) are found in all kinds of venomous snake families (e.g., Viperidae, Elapidae, and Colubridae). Along with their catalytic activity, svPLA2s elicit a wide variety of pharmacological effects that play a pivotal role in envenomation damage. Hence, neutralization of the svPLA2s could weaken or inhibit toxic damage. Here we overviewed the latest knowledge on the distribution, pathophysiological effects, and inhibitors of svPLA2s to elucidate the potential for a novel, wide spectrum antivenom drug targeting svPLA2s.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SDS-PAGE profile of major venom components in the main clades of venomous snakes (adapted from [20]). (a) Families: Elapidae, subfamilies Elapinae, Laticaudinae, Hydrophiinae, and Colubrinae. (b) Family: Viperidae, and subfamilies: Crotalinae (C) and Viperinae (V). Ovals enclose some bands that are typical of protein families, based on published mass. (?) indicates hypothetical protein family or activity.

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