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Comparative Study
. 2017 Feb 28;11(2):e0005377.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005377. eCollection 2017 Feb.

Comparative analysis of gut microbiota of mosquito communities in central Illinois

Affiliations
Comparative Study

Comparative analysis of gut microbiota of mosquito communities in central Illinois

Ephantus J Muturi et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. .

Abstract

Background: The composition and structure of microbial communities that inhabit the mosquito midguts are poorly understood despite their well-documented potential to impede pathogen transmission.

Methodology/principal findings: We used MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the bacterial communities of field-collected populations of 12 mosquito species. After quality filtering and rarefaction, the remaining sequences were assigned to 181 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Approximately 58% of these OTUs occurred in at least two mosquito species but only three OTUs: Gluconobacter (OTU 1), Propionibacterium (OTU 9), and Staphylococcus (OTU 31) occurred in all 12 mosquito species. Individuals of different mosquito species shared similar gut microbiota and it was common for individuals of the same species from the same study site and collection date to harbor different gut microbiota. On average, the microbiota of Aedes albopictus was the least diverse and significantly less even compared to Anopheles crucians, An. quadrimaculatus, Ae. triseriatus, Ae. vexans, Ae. japonicus, Culex restuans, and Culiseta inornata. The microbial community of Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus differed significantly from all other mosquitoes species and was primarily driven by the dominance of Wolbachia.

Conclusion and significance: These findings expand the range of mosquito species whose gut microbiota has been characterized and sets the foundation for further studies to determine the influence of these microbiota on vector susceptibility to pathogens.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Map of the study area showing the location of the traps.
S = trap site, S1 = 504 S Lynn St, Champaign IL; S2 = 1509 Grandview Dr, Champaign IL; S3 = 408 W Maple St, Champaign IL; S4 = 1809 Grandview Dr, Champaign IL; S5 = 805 S. Prairie St, Champaign IL; S6 = 1116 Charles St, Champaign IL; S7 = 604 W Hill St, Champaign IL; S8 = 1605 Coronado Dr, Champaign IL; S9 = 1413 S Western Ave, Champaign IL; S10 = 909 S McKinley, Champaign IL; S11 = 1418 S Western Ave, Champaign IL; S12 = 409 W Hill St, Champaign IL; S13 = 705 W Kirby Ave, Champaign IL; S14 = 602 Nevada St, Urbana IL; S15 = 602 Vermont Ave, Urbana IL; S16 = 2402 E Elm St, Urbana IL; S17 = 804 W Main St, Urbana IL; S18 = 807 W Main St, Urbana IL; S 19 = 2010 Morrow Ct, Urbana IL.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Mean relative abundances of bacterial OTUs associated with 12 species of mosquitoes at different sites and collection dates.
OTUs with abundance of less than 1.5% were pooled together as "Other". S = trap site, S1 = 504 S Lynn St, Champaign IL; S2 = 1509 Grandview Dr, Champaign IL; S3 = 408 W Maple St, Champaign IL; S4 = 1809 Grandview Dr, Champaign IL; S5 = 805 S. Prairie St, Champaign IL; S6 = 1116 Charles St, Champaign IL; S7 = 604 W Hill St, Champaign IL; S8 = 1605 Coronado Dr, Champaign IL; S9 = 1413 S Western Ave, Champaign IL; S10 = 909 S McKinley, Champaign IL; S11 = 1418 S Western Ave, Champaign IL; S12 = 409 W Hill St, Champaign IL; S13 = 705 W Kirby Ave, Champaign IL; S14 = 602 Nevada St, Urbana IL; S15 = 602 Vermont Ave, Urbana IL; S16 = 2402 E Elm St, Urbana IL; S17 = 804 W Main St, Urbana IL; S18 = 807 W Main St, Urbana IL; S 19 = 2010 Morrow Ct, Urbana IL. T = date of collection; T1 = July, 2, 2015; T2 = July, 7, 2015; T3 = July, 21, 2015; T4 = July, 28, 2015; T5 = August, 3, 2015; T6 = August, 11, 2015; T7 = August, 19, 2015; T8 = August, 28, 2015; T9 = September, 4, 2015; and T10 = October, 15, 2015.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Number of OTUs that were unique to one mosquito species or shared between two or more mosquito species. n = 181.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) comparing the bacterial communities across 12 mosquito species.
PCoA was based on Bray-Curtis distance values computed for mosquito communities at the 97% OTU level. CRU = An. crucians, PUN = An. punctipennis, QUA = An. quadrimaculatus, ALB = Ae. albopictus, JAP = Ae. japonicus, TRIS = Ae. triseriatus, VEX = Ae. vexans, TRIV = Ae. trivittatus, PIP = Cx. pipiens, RES = Cx. restuans, INO = Cs. inornata, FER = Ps. ferox.

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