Serosurvey of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Laikipia County, Kenya

doi:10.1111/zph.12337

. 2017 Nov;64(7):543-549.

doi: 10.1111/zph.12337. Epub 2017 Feb 8.

Serosurvey of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Laikipia County, Kenya

A S Browne ¹, E M Fèvre ^{2

3}, M Kinnaird ⁴, D M Muloi ⁵, C A Wang ⁶, P S Larsen ⁷, T O'Brien ^{8

9}, S L Deem ¹⁰

Affiliations

¹ Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, NZ.
² Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK.
³ International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, KE.
⁴ WWF-International, The Mvuli, Nairobi, KE.
⁵ Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
⁶ College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
⁷ Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
⁸ Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, KE.
⁹ Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Programs, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
¹⁰ Saint Louis Zoo Institute for Conservation Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.

PMID: 28176495
PMCID: PMC5655913
DOI: 10.1111/zph.12337

Serosurvey of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Laikipia County, Kenya

A S Browne et al. Zoonoses Public Health. 2017 Nov.

. 2017 Nov;64(7):543-549.

doi: 10.1111/zph.12337. Epub 2017 Feb 8.

Authors

A S Browne ¹, E M Fèvre ^{2

3}, M Kinnaird ⁴, D M Muloi ⁵, C A Wang ⁶, P S Larsen ⁷, T O'Brien ^{8

9}, S L Deem ¹⁰

Affiliations

¹ Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, NZ.
² Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK.
³ International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, KE.
⁴ WWF-International, The Mvuli, Nairobi, KE.
⁵ Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
⁶ College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
⁷ Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
⁸ Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, KE.
⁹ Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Programs, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
¹⁰ Saint Louis Zoo Institute for Conservation Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.

PMID: 28176495
PMCID: PMC5655913
DOI: 10.1111/zph.12337

Abstract

Dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) are an important protein source for people in semi-arid and arid regions of Africa. In Kenya, camel populations have grown dramatically in the past few decades resulting in the potential for increased disease transmission between humans and camels. An estimated four million Kenyans drink unpasteurized camel milk, which poses a disease risk. We evaluated the seroprevalence of a significant zoonotic pathogen, Coxiella burnetii (Q fever), among 334 camels from nine herds in Laikipia County, Kenya. Serum testing revealed 18.6% positive seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii (n = 344). Increasing camel age was positively associated with C. burnetii seroprevalence (OR = 5.36). Our study confirmed that camels living in Laikipia County, Kenya, have been exposed to the zoonotic pathogen, C. burnetii. Further research to evaluate the role of camels in disease transmission to other livestock, wildlife and humans in Kenya should be conducted.

Keywords: Camels; Kenya; One Health; Q fever; Zoonoses.

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Figure 1

Figure 1

Location of Laikipia County in Kenya.

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References

1. Afzal, M. , and Sakkir M., 1994: Survey of antibodies against various infectious disease agents in racing camels in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Rev. Sci. Tech. 13, 787–792. - PubMed
1. Al‐Ani, F. K. , Sharrif L. A., Al‐Rawashdeh O. F., Al‐Qudah K. M., and Al‐Hammi Y., 1998: Camel diseases in Jordan. Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting for Animal Production Under Arid Conditions 2, 77–92.
1. Anderson, D. M. , Elliott H., Kochore H. H., and Lochery E., 2012: Camel herders, middlewomen, and urban milk bars: the commodification of camel milk in Kenya. J. East. Afr. Stud. 6, 383–404.
1. Awuor, C. , Ensor J., and Berger R., 2009: Increasing drought in arid and semiarid Kenya In: Understanding Climate Change Adaptation. Practical Action Publishing, Rugby, Warwickshire, UK: http://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780440415. - DOI
1. Bates, D. , Maechler M., Bolker B., and Walker S., 2014: Fitting linear mixed‐effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Soft. arXiv http://arxiv.org/abs/1406.5823.

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[1] Afzal, M. , and Sakkir M., 1994: Survey of antibodies against various infectious disease agents in racing camels in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Rev. Sci. Tech. 13, 787–792. - PubMed

[2] Afzal, M. , and Sakkir M., 1994: Survey of antibodies against various infectious disease agents in racing camels in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Rev. Sci. Tech. 13, 787–792. - PubMed

[3] Al‐Ani, F. K. , Sharrif L. A., Al‐Rawashdeh O. F., Al‐Qudah K. M., and Al‐Hammi Y., 1998: Camel diseases in Jordan. Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting for Animal Production Under Arid Conditions 2, 77–92.

[4] Al‐Ani, F. K. , Sharrif L. A., Al‐Rawashdeh O. F., Al‐Qudah K. M., and Al‐Hammi Y., 1998: Camel diseases in Jordan. Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting for Animal Production Under Arid Conditions 2, 77–92.

[5] Anderson, D. M. , Elliott H., Kochore H. H., and Lochery E., 2012: Camel herders, middlewomen, and urban milk bars: the commodification of camel milk in Kenya. J. East. Afr. Stud. 6, 383–404.

[6] Anderson, D. M. , Elliott H., Kochore H. H., and Lochery E., 2012: Camel herders, middlewomen, and urban milk bars: the commodification of camel milk in Kenya. J. East. Afr. Stud. 6, 383–404.

[7] Awuor, C. , Ensor J., and Berger R., 2009: Increasing drought in arid and semiarid Kenya In: Understanding Climate Change Adaptation. Practical Action Publishing, Rugby, Warwickshire, UK: http://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780440415. - DOI

[8] Awuor, C. , Ensor J., and Berger R., 2009: Increasing drought in arid and semiarid Kenya In: Understanding Climate Change Adaptation. Practical Action Publishing, Rugby, Warwickshire, UK: http://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780440415. - DOI

[9] Bates, D. , Maechler M., Bolker B., and Walker S., 2014: Fitting linear mixed‐effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Soft. arXiv http://arxiv.org/abs/1406.5823.

[10] Bates, D. , Maechler M., Bolker B., and Walker S., 2014: Fitting linear mixed‐effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Soft. arXiv http://arxiv.org/abs/1406.5823.

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Serosurvey of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Laikipia County, Kenya

Affiliations

Serosurvey of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Laikipia County, Kenya

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Figures

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Miscellaneous