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. 2016 Oct 15;214(suppl 3):S263-S267.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiw149. Epub 2016 Jun 9.

Oral and Conjunctival Exposure of Nonhuman Primates to Low Doses of Ebola Makona Virus

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Oral and Conjunctival Exposure of Nonhuman Primates to Low Doses of Ebola Makona Virus

Chad E Mire et al. J Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Nonhuman primate (NHP) models of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection primarily use parenteral or aerosol routes of exposure. Uniform lethality can be achieved in these models at low doses of EBOV (≤100 plaque-forming units [PFU]). Here, we exposed NHPs to low doses of EBOV (Makona strain) by the oral or conjunctival routes. Surprisingly, animals exposed to 10 PFU by either route showed no signs of disease. Exposure to 100 PFU resulted in illness and/or lethal infection. These results suggest that these more natural routes require higher doses of EBOV to produce disease or that there may be differences between Makona and historical strains.

Keywords: Ebola virus; nonhuman primate; pathogenesis.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Comparison of Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) antigen in representative tissues of cynomolgus monkeys infected via the oral or conjunctival routes. A, Stained spleen tissue section showing strong, diffuse cytoplasmic immunolabeling (brown) of dendriform mononuclear cells in the red and white pulp of a ZEBOV-orally infected animals. B, Stained spleen tissue section showing weak, diffuse cytoplasmic immunolabeling of the endothelium and rare dendriform mononuclear cells in the red pulp of a ZEBOV-conjunctivally infected animal. C, Stained liver tissue section showing strong, diffuse cytoplasmic immunolabeling of Kupffer cells and rare sinusoidal-lining cells and hepatocytes in a ZEBOV-orally infected animal. D, Stained liver tissue section showing no immunolabeling of ZEBOV-conjunctivally infected animal. E, Stained inguinal lymph node (Ing LN) section showing strong, diffuse cytoplasmic immunolabeling of dendriform mononuclear cells within the subcapsular and medullary sinuses in a ZEBOV-orally infected animal. F, Stained Ing LN section showing very weak, diffuse cytoplasmic immunolabeling of dendriform mononuclear cells within the subcapsular and medullary sinuses in a ZEBOV-conjunctivally infected animal. G, Stained axillary lymph node (Ax LN) showing strong, diffuse cytoplasmic immunolabeling of dendriform mononuclear cells within the subcapsular and medullary sinuses in a ZEBOV-orally infected animal. H, Stained Ax LN showing moderate, diffuse cytoplasmic immunolabeling of dendriform mononuclear cells within the subcapsular and medullary sinuses in a ZEBOV-conjunctivally infected animal. Spleen and liver representative images were taken at 40x original magnification and inguinal and axillary lymph node images at 20x original magnification from orally infected animal O-3 (A, C, E, and G) or conjunctivally infected animal C-3 (B, D, F, and H).

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