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. 2015 Dec;21(12):2209-12.
doi: 10.3201/eid2112.141167.

Vectorborne Transmission of Leishmania infantum from Hounds, United States

Vectorborne Transmission of Leishmania infantum from Hounds, United States

Robert G Schaut et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Dec.

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by predominantly vectorborne Leishmania spp. In the United States, canine visceral leishmaniasis is common among hounds, and L. infantum vertical transmission among hounds has been confirmed. We found that L. infantum from hounds remains infective in sandflies, underscoring the risk for human exposure by vectorborne transmission.

Keywords: Leishmania; Leishmania infantum; United States; canine; emerging; hounds; leishmaniasis; parasites; protozoa; vectorborne infections; zoonotic.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Sandflies infected with Leishmania infantum from US foxhounds, showing blocked stomodeal valve. Development of L. infantum (MCAN/US/2001/ FOXYMO1) in laboratory-reared Lutzomyia longipalpis sandflies led to stomodeal valve blockage 10–13 days after infection. A) Dissected gut of infected sandfly, showing stomodeal valve (cardia) obstructed by Leishmania parasites (dashed box). Foregut removed during dissection and parasites entangled by flagella are visible. Original magnification ×ばつ10. B) Parasites obstructing stomodeal valve and parasite-secreted plug (dashed box). Original magnification ×ばつ40. C) Parasite plug dissected from the stomodeal valve, showing metacyclic promastigote parasites attached to plug (arrow), as well as free-swimming parasites (arrowheads). Original magnification ×ばつ100 with oil.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Visceralization of Leishmania infantum from US foxhounds, transmitted by sandflies into hamsters. Leishmania spp.–specific quantitative PCR was performed, and parasite load was calculated from a standard curve. Horizontal bars indicate mean values for 3 experiments run in duplicate. Statistical significance was determined by 1-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni posttest between 6 naive and 15 infected groups, by tissue type. Error bars indicate ± SEM. *p<0.05.

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