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. 2015 Oct 20;9(10):e0004140.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004140. eCollection 2015.

Rabies Cases in the West of China Have Two Distinct Origins

Affiliations

Rabies Cases in the West of China Have Two Distinct Origins

Xiao-Yan Tao et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. .

Abstract

In China, rabies remains an ongoing threat to public health. Although control efforts have been effective in reducing the number of annual cases, the virus continues to spread into new areas. Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia in western China have, until recently, reported only a handful of events. However, since 2011, there have been increasing numbers of cases recorded in these areas. In this study, we report the collection and analysis of samples collected from these regions. We find that cases originate from two different sources. Strains collected from Gansu and Ningxia are closely related to the primary lineage associated with the current epizootic, whereas those from Tibet and Qinghai are related to the Arctic-like-2 lineage that is most commonly associated with wildlife cases in China. Thus, it appears that while the epizootic is beginning to encroach into Gansu and Ningxia, Tibet and Qinghai a significant number of rabies cases originate from wildlife.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Geographical distribution of rabies cases in China, 2011–2013.
Surveillance data indicates the highest numbers of cases are recorded in the south of the country with progressively fewer cases radiating away from this area. The provinces where the new samples were collected are marked with a"*"after the name, and the location and date of each case is shown together with the identified lineage. See main text for full details.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree of Nucleoprotein gene sequence showing classification of specimens collected in western China during 2011–2013.
Tree is based on the full region encoding the Nucleoprotein gene sequence (1353bp) and the American bat strain SHBRV-18is used as outgroup. Representative samples of each lineage were selected and samples reported here are marked with a red triangle. Branches are colored to indicate the six different lineages circulating in China. Specimen names are in the format (STRAIN.PROVINCE/GENBANK ACCESSION NO). Chinese provinces and regions are abbreviated with the following two letter codes:IM(Inner Mongolia), SD(Shandong), JS(Jiangsu), NX(Ningxia), ZJ(Zhejiang), HB(Hebei), GS(Gansu), SX(Shaanxi), YN(Yunnan), SH(Shanghai), SC(Sichuan), AH(Anhui), JX(Jiangxi), CQ(Chongqing), GX(Guangxi), HN(Hunan), GZ(Guizhou), FJ(Fujian), QH(Qinghai), TB(Tibet).
Fig 3
Fig 3. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree of the representative street strains from China and worldwide.
Tree is based on the full region encoding the Nucleoprotein gene sequence and the Australia bat strain (ABLV) is used as an outgroup. Clades are colored to distinguish each of the recognized global lineages. The clades and specimen names from Fig 2 are shown, and the non-Chinese strains are in the FORMAT STRAIN/ GENBANK ACCESSION NO./COUNTRY. The strains sequenced in this study are marked with a red triangle.

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