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. 2015 Jun 12:8:325.
doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-0933-z.

Relationship between insecticide resistance and kdr mutations in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in Southern China

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Relationship between insecticide resistance and kdr mutations in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in Southern China

Chun-Xiao Li et al. Parasit Vectors. .

Abstract

Background: Aedes aegypti is an important vector for dengue virus and thus has been targeted with pyrethroid insecticides in many areas of the world. As such, resistance has been detected to several of these insecticides, including in China, but the mechanisms of the resistance are not well understood in this country.

Methods: Using the World Health Organization larval mosquito bioassay, five field populations of Aedes aegypti from Southern China were characterized for their resistance to cypermethrin and cyhalothrin. RNA extraction with PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of the sodium channel gene was followed by comparisons of susceptible and wild mosquito strains Additionally, genomic DNA was used for Allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) genotyping of the sodium channel genes to detect S989P, V1016G and F1534C mutations and allow for correlation analysis of resistance expression for the different mutations.

Results: All wild strains expressed resistance to cypermethrin and cyhalothrin and the resistance expression between the two insecticides was highly correlated suggesting cross-resistance between these two pyrethroids. The AS-PCR technique effectively distinguished individual genotypes for all three mutations. Among the five wild strains tested, two strains carried all three mutations. Although the S989P and V1016G mutations were positively correlated to resistance expression of both pyrethroids, the F1534C mutation was negatively correlated.

Conclusions: Our methodology proved highly reliable and will aid future detection of kdr mutations. The three sodium channel mutations were common in the Ae. aegypti strains sampled from Southern China. The V1016G mutation appears to be the most important kdr mutation in Ae. aegypti strains in Southern China.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic diagram of AS-PCR test used to detect the S989P (a), V1016G (b) and F1534C (c) mutations in the sodium channel gene of Ae. aegypti
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Relationship between LC50 to cypermethrin and cyhalothrin in five wild strains of Ae. aegypti
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Gel electrophoresis bands of AS-PCR products corresponding to the Ae. aegypti sodium channel gene mutations S989P (a), V1016G (b) and F1534C (c). M: marker
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Relationship between frequency of the S989P (◆だいやまーく), V1016G (■しかく) and F1534C (▲さんかく) kdr mutations and LC50 to cypermethrin (a) and cyhalothrin (b)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Correlation between the frequency of the S989P and V1016G mutations

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