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. 2015 May;110(3):394-402.
doi: 10.1590/0074-02760140400. Epub 2015 Apr 28.

Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi TcII and TcI in free-ranging population of lion tamarins (Leontopithecus spp): an 11-year follow-up

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Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi TcII and TcI in free-ranging population of lion tamarins (Leontopithecus spp): an 11-year follow-up

Cristiane Varella Lisboa et al. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2015 May.

Abstract

Here, we present a review of the dataset resulting from the 11-years follow-up of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in free-ranging populations of Leontopithecus rosalia (golden lion tamarin) and Leontopithecus chrysomelas (golden-headed lion tamarin) from distinct forest fragments in Atlantic Coastal Rainforest. Additionally, we present new data regarding T. cruzi infection of small mammals (rodents and marsupials) that live in the same areas as golden lion tamarins and characterisation at discrete typing unit (DTU) level of 77 of these isolates. DTU TcII was found to exclusively infect primates, while TcI infected Didelphis aurita and lion tamarins. The majority of T. cruzi isolates derived from L. rosalia were shown to be TcII (33 out 42) Nine T. cruzi isolates displayed a TcI profile. Golden-headed lion tamarins demonstrated to be excellent reservoirs of TcII, as 24 of 26 T. cruzi isolates exhibited the TcII profile. We concluded the following: (i) the transmission cycle of T. cruzi in a same host species and forest fragment is modified over time, (ii) the infectivity competence of the golden lion tamarin population fluctuates in waves that peak every other year and (iii) both golden and golden-headed lion tamarins are able to maintain long-lasting infections by TcII and TcI.

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Figures

Fig. 1:
Fig. 1:. collection sites of wild free-ranging Leontopithecus chrysomelas from Una Biological Reserve (UNA) [municipality of Una, state of Bahia (BA)] and Leontopithecus rosalia from Poço das Antas Biological Reserve (PDA) [municipality of Silva Jardim, state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ)] and reintroduction areas (RA) [Environmental Protection Area (APA) of Bacia do Rio São João (RJ)] in the Atlantic Coastal Rainforest of Brazil.
Fig. 2:
Fig. 2:. graphical representation of the peaks in the annual prevalence of infection according to indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and haemoculture (HC) in wild free-ranging populations of golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) from Poço das Antas Biological Reserve, municipality of Silva Jardim, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Fig. 3:
Fig. 3:. Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing unit of wild free-ranging Leontopithecus rosalia (golden lion tamarin) and Leontopithecus chrysomelas (golden-headed lion tamarin) from Atlantic Coastal Rainforest, Brazil.
Figure 4:
Figure 4:. the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) of Poço das Antas Biological Reserve, municipality of Silva Jardim, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Photo by Rodrigo Méxas (Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation).

References

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